非离子表面活性剂浊点的研究进展

综述了非离子表面活性剂浊点的理论模型,介绍了非离子表面活性剂的浓度与外加无机电解质、极性有机物,表面活性剂、聚合物对浊点的影响规律和机理,以及在常压下浊点高于100℃时非离子表面活性剂的浊点估测方法。     

用定量结构性质关系预测表面活性剂的Krafft点

以空间、电子、热力学等方面的微观性质作为描述符,建立了阴离子表面活性剂Krafft点与微观结构参数之间的关系。这些描述符包括:辛醇/水分配系数LogP、分子能量Energy、最高占据轨道能量HOMO、分子体积V和偶极距Dipole-z等。通过阴离子表面活性剂的Krafft点和5个结构性质参数之间的关系式,可以预测和计算阴离子和其它离子型表面活性剂的Krafft点。     

正负离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂混合水溶液的相互作用

非离子表面活性剂的加溶作用有助于正负离子表面活性剂的溶解,在恰当比例时,能基本保持其表面活性;正负离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂之间的相互作用很弱,容易形成接近“理想”的混合胶团;恒定非离子表面活性剂浓度时,随正负离子表面活性剂浓度增加,溶液的浊点也增加;超过临界胶团浓度后浊点下降。     

表面活性剂的QSAR/QSPR研究进展*

本文综述了表面活性剂定量结构-活性/性质相关(QSAR/QSPR)研究的最新进展,以及相关结构描述符在表面活性剂QSAR/QSPR研究中的应用.重点介绍了表面活性剂的cmc和表面张力γ与分子结构的定量关系、离子型表面活性剂电荷分布的定量计算及其对胶体结构与性质的影响.对表面活性剂分子结构与活性/性质的定量相关研究的发展趋势进行了展望.     

表面活性剂的增效作用在光度分析中应用

表面活性剂是能够显著降低水的表面张力的物质.它是由极性的亲水基和非极性的憎水基两部分组成.这样的结构从本质上决定了表面活性剂的性质,表面活性剂是优良的增效分析试剂,对分析、分离方法有增溶、增敏、增稳等增效作用.表面活性剂应用于分析化学虽然只有三十年的时间,但发展迅速,特别在光度分析中的应用成了热点之一.下面就将表面活性剂的结构、性质及在光度分析中的应用作一简要概述.1 表面活性剂的分类、结构及性质1.1 分类和结构目前常用的表面活性剂按离子类型分类,溶于水能离解成离子的叫离子型表面活性剂;在水中不能离解成离子的叫非离子型表面活性剂;还有一类它的亲油基很小,或分散于亲水基之间,但仍有一定的表面活性,归属于特殊表面活性剂.离子型表面活性剂又可分为阳离子型、阴离子型和两性表面活性     

均三嗪芳醚聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂

近年适应石油化学工业的需要,聚氧乙烯(POE)型非离子表面活性剂的研究得以发展。桑村常彦等合成了一类均三嗪烷醚POE非离子表面活性剂,测定了它们的浊点和临界胶束浓度(CMC)。等合成了均三嗪胺醚POE非离子表面活性剂,测定了它们的     

浊点萃取富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量锌

以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)为络合剂,在pH 7.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,痕量锌(Ⅱ)与PAN生成络合物,加入非离子表面活性剂OP-8用浊点萃取分离富集水样中痕量锌。分取部分表面活性剂相用盐酸溶解,所得溶液直接用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行测定。对影响浊点萃取的因素和共存离子的干扰等进行了试验并予以优化。方法的检出限(3σ)为2.4μg.L-1。应用所提出的方法测定了水样中锌的含量,并用标准加入法进行方法的回收试验,测得回收率在95.0%~103.6%之间。     

聚合物对非离子十二烷基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚浊点的影响

测定了水溶性高分子聚乙二醇(PEC1000、PEG2000、PEG6000)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30、PVP-K90)对三种非离子表面活性剂十二烷基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚C12H25O(EO)m(PO)nH(LS36,m=3,n=6;LS5,m=4,n=5;LS54,m=5,n=4)浊点的影响.结果表明,聚乙二醇(PEG)可使三种表面活性剂水溶液浊点降低;而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)随其浓度增加,表面活性剂溶液浊点先升高然后又下降;浊点下降程度与聚合物浓度和分子量有关.     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定消食类中草药中的铅

建立了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定4种消食类中草药中Pb含量的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂、非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)为萃取剂,采用浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法联用,测定4种消食类中草药中Pb的含量,探讨溶液p H、表面活性剂用量、络合剂用量、平衡温度、平衡时间、干扰离子等条件对浊点萃取率的影响。最佳条件下,富集倍数为21倍,方法的检出限为0.16μg/L,校准曲线相关系数为0.9995;RSD≤1.7%(n=11),回收率在96.5%~98.1%之间。方法已用于4种消食类中草药中Pb的测定。     

非离子表面活性剂在胶束增溶分光光度法中的作用(Ⅱ)

本文以乳化剂OP对结晶紫及结晶紫-磷钼杂多酸缔合物的作用为代表,研究了非离子表面活性剂与碱性染料显色体系的相互作用,提出了非离子表面活性剂起增溶作用的第二种模式--拟均相萃取模式,并用浊点析相分离法进行了验证。     

Prediction on Critical Micelle Concentration of Nonionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solution： Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Approach

IntroductionCriticalmicelleconcentration (cmc)ofsurfactantsinaqueoussolutionisoneofthemostusefulparametersforcharacterizingthepropertiesofsurfactants.Overaverynarrowconcentrationrangearoundthecmctransitionsoftheexistenceofsurfactantsoccurfrommonomer ,premicel lartomicellar .Andcompanyingthesetransitions ,manyotherimportantpropertiesofsurfactantsolution ,suchassurfacetension ,interfacialtension ,conductivity ,osmoticpressure ,detergency ,emulsification ,foamingandsoon ,alsochangesharplyatthepoi…     

Oleate Ester-Derived Nonionic Surfactants: Synthesis and Cloud Point Behavior Studies

The synthesis and cloud point behavior of high oleate ester-derived nonionic surfactants are now reported. The effect of various polyethoxylate chain lengths (polyethylene glycol with 7, 11, and 16 units of ethylene oxide (EO) monomer) as the surfactant's hydrophilic head on the cloud point was investigated. The effect of varying amounts of sodium chloride and five different ionic surfactants on the cloud points of the synthesized nonionic surfactants were also presented. When the chain length of polyethoxylate increased, the cloud point of the synthesized nonionic surfactant also increased, ranging from 16°C, 43°C, and 64°C for 7, 11, and 16 EO units, respectively. Increments in sodium chloride concentration depressed the cloud point values of the synthesized nonionic surfactants linearly. The addition of ionic surfactants elevated the cloud points of the synthesized nonionic surfactant. However, in the presence of sodium chloride, the cloud point of the mixed ionic-nonionic solution was suppressed and anincrease in ionic surfactant concentration was required to elevate the cloud point. It was also found that the cloud points of synthesized surfactants can be raised up to 95°C in the presence of 4wt% NaCl solution.     

Effects of additives on the cloud points of selected nonionic linear ethoxylated alcohol surfactants

Effects of various additives including inorganic salts, nonionic and ionic surfactants, water-soluble polymers and alcohols on the cloud points of three linear nonionic surfactants, Tergitol 15-S-7, Tergitol 15-S-9 and Neodol 25-7, were investigated. These surfactants are readily biodegradable and either linear primary or secondary ethoxylated alcohols. Cloud points of these surfactants were functions of their concentrations and concentrations of additives. The cloud points of nonionic surfactant mixtures lay in between the cloud points of individual component surfactants. Presence of two ionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), increased the cloud point of 1 wt% Tergitol 15-S-7 micellar solution dramatically when concentrations of ionic surfactants approaching their critical micelle concentration. Addition of water-soluble polymers decreased the cloud point, while addition of inorganic salts can either increase or decrease the cloud points. However, the effect of an alcohol additive on cloud point was dependent on its chain length or its water solubility. Interestingly, synergistic effects between sulfate or phosphate and pentanol on depression of cloud points of Tergitol 15-S-9 were discovered. A linear model predicting cloud points of Tergitol 15-S-X (X = 7, 9 and 12) surfactants and Neodol 25-X (X = 7, 9 and 12) surfactants were proposed with a correlation to logarithm of their ethylene oxide numbers.