AuCl(3)-catalyzed synthesis of highly substituted furans from 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones

Highly substituted furans have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones and various nucleophiles under very mild reaction conditions in good to excellent yields. Gold and some other transition metals are efficient catalysts for this reaction.     

AuCl3催化2-(1-炔基)-2-烯基酮合成多取代呋喃的机理

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP泛函对AuCl₃催化的2-(1-炔基)-2-烯基酮与亲核试剂反应的机理进行了研究, 得到了反应的最优路径. 结果表明, 整个反应的决速步骤是羟基H转移到AuCl₃的配体Cl上, 其活化能为49.3 kJ·mol^-1. 通过计算发现, 催化剂AuCl₃的配体Cl原子在反应中有重要的作用, 它不仅稳定配合物, 而且直接参与反应, 协助质子的转移, 显著降低质子转移的活化能(由71.5 kJ·mol^-1降低到49.3 kJ·mol^-1). 另外还讨论了HBF₄不能催化此反应的可能原因, 计算结果与实验结果一致.     

Tetrasubstituted furans by Pd(II)/Cu(I)-cocatalyzed three-component domino reactions of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones, nucleophiles and diaryliodonium salts

A novel Pd(OAc)(2)/CuI-cocatalyzed three-component reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones, nucleophiles and diaryliodonium salts has been developed. The procedure allows the synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans in good to high yields under mild conditions.     

Electrophilic cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones using the I2/K3PO4 system: an efficient synthesis of highly substituted iodofurans

[reaction: see text] The electrophilic cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones in the presence of various alcohols or carbon-based nucleophiles offers an efficient and straightforward route to highly substituted iodofurans under extremely mild reaction conditions. The iodo derivatives are potential synthetic intermediates for amplification of molecular complexity.     

Cu(I) catalyst in DMF: an efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of furans from 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones

The cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones 1 proceeded very smoothly in the presence of alcohols 2 with a catalytic amount of Cu(I)Br in DMF at 80 degrees C, leading to the formation of highly substituted furans 3. The catalytic system reported herein is easy to handle, compared to the previously known system wherein the reaction between 1 and 2 needed to use moisture sensitive gold(III) chloride.     

The reaction of 3-(1-imidazolyl)-2-alken-1-ones with nucleophiles

Generally 3-hetero-substituted 2-alken-1-ones were prepared from 1,3-alkanediones, 3-chloro-2-alken-1-ones, or conjugated ynones. The preparation of 3-hetero-substituted 2-alken-1-ones was subjected to some limitations by these methods. By the reaction of 3-(1-imidazolyl)-2-alken-1-ones (I) and 3-(3-oxo-1-alkenyl)-1-methylimidazolium iodides (II) with nucleophiles, 3-hetero-substituted 2-alken-1-ones could be obtained regioselectively in good yield under mild conditions. These results suggested that compounds I and II were concluded to be useful intermediates for the organic synthesis.     

Reactivities of 3-(1-Azolyl)-2-alken-1-ones and the related compounds with pyrrolidine

From the rate constants of the reaction with pyrrolidine, the reactivities of 3-(1-azolyl)-2-alken-1-ones with nucleophiles were evaluated to be rather high. Especially the reactivities of the quaternary salts of 3-(1-imidazolyl)-2-alken-1-ones were nearly equal to those of 3-chloro-2-alken-1-ones. In conclusion, 3-(1-imidazolyl)-2-alken-1-ones satisfied the practical requirements for the starting materials of the synthesis of 3-hetero-substituted 2-alken-1-ones.     

Exo/endo selectivity-control in Lewis-acid catalyzed tandem heterocyclization/formal [4+3] cycloaddition: synthesis of polyheterocycles from 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran

A novel catalytic exo/endo selectivity-controllable tandem heterocyclization/formal [4+3] cycloaddition was developed, which provides rapid, efficient and stereoselective access to highly fused polyheterocycles from readily available 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran under mild conditions.     

The preparation and the nucleophilic reaction of 3,3-di(1-azolyl)-2-alken-1-ones,precursor of acetylketene derivatives

2-Alken-1-ones, 3,3-di-(1-azolyl)-2-alken-1-ones and related compounds were prepared by two methods. These compounds were found to be the useful precursors for acylketene derivatives such as ketene dithioacetals and diaminals by treatment with various nucleophiles.     

A convenient synthetic route to furan esters and lactones by palladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation or cyclocarbonylation of hydroxyl-substituted 3-iodofurans

An effective palladium-catalyzed protocol for the intermolecular carboalkoxylation or intramolecular cyclocarbonylation of hydroxyl-substituted 3-iodofurans under carbon monoxide pressure has been developed. The 3-iodofurans are readily prepared by iodocyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones in the presence of various diols.     

Chemoselective synthesis of highly substituted 1,2-allenyl ketones, furans, and 2-alkynyl ketones from reaction of lithium selenolates with 1-(1-alkynyl)cyclopropyl ketones and electrophiles

A homo-Michael addition reaction of lithium selenolates with 1-(1-alkynyl)cyclopropyl ketones and the subsequent reaction with electrophiles such as PhSeBr, NFSI and NCS is reported. Based on the nature of electrophiles, this reaction may afford highly substituted 1,2-allenyl ketones or furans (E(+) = PhSe(+)) and 2-alkynyl ketones (E(+) = F(+), Cl(+), active halides) as the final products, respectively.     

Nucleophile-assisted Pt-catalyzed cyclization of enynones: an access to synthesis of highly substituted furans

A new and efficient Pt-catalyzed hydroxy- or alkoxy cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alkene-1-ones offers a general synthetic pathway to a wide range of highly substituted furans in good to excellent yields.     

Synthesis of isocoumarins and alpha-pyrones via electrophilic cyclization

A variety of substituted isocoumarins and alpha-pyrones are readily prepared in excellent yields under very mild reaction conditions by the reaction of o-(1-alkynyl)benzoates and (Z)-2-alken-4-ynoates with ICl, I(2), PhSeCl, p-O(2)NC(6)H(4)SCl, and HI. This methodology accommodates various alkynyl esters and has been successfully extended to the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic and biaryl compounds.     

Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of isoindolin-1-ones via electrophilic cyclization

[reaction: see text] A variety of substituted isoindolin-1-ones are readily prepared in good to excellent yields under very mild reaction conditions by the reaction of o-(1-alkynyl)benzamides with ICl, I(2), and NBS. In a few cases, substituted isoquinolin-1-ones were obtained as the major product instead. This methodology accommodates various alkynyl amides and functional groups and has been successfully extended to heterocyclic starting materials. This chemistry has been successfully applied to the synthesis of a biologically interesting alkaloid, cepharanone B.     

Efficient syntheses of heterocycles and carbocycles by electrophilic cyclization of acetylenic aldehydes and ketones

Highly substituted oxygen heterocycles can be prepared in good yields at room temperature by reacting o-(1-alkynyl)-substituted arene carbonyl compounds with NBS, I(2), ICl, p-O(2)NC(6)H(4)SCl, or PhSeBr and various alcohols or carbon-based nucleophiles. Naphthyl ketones and iodides are readily prepared by the reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)arene-carboxaldehydes with I(2) and simple olefins or alkynes.     

An efficient synthesis of highly substituted furans via the electrophilic cyclization of 1-(1-alkynyl)-cyclopropyl ketones

The electrophilic cyclization of 1-(1-alkynyl)-cyclopropyl ketones offers an efficient and straightforward route to highly substituted furans under extremely mild reaction conditions. Iodine, NIS, and PhSeBr have proven successful as electrophiles in this process.     

Syntheses of isochromenes and naphthalenes by electrophilic cyclization of acetylenic arenecarboxaldehydes

Highly substituted 1H-isochromenes, isobenzofurans, and pyranopyridines can be prepared by allowing o-(1-alkynyl)arenecarboxaldehydes and ketones to react with I2, ICl, NIS, Br2, NBS, p-O2NC6H4SCl, or PhSeBr and various alcohols or carbon-based nucleophiles at room temperature. Naphthyl ketones and iodides are also readily prepared by the reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)arenecarboxaldehydes with I2 and simple olefins or alkynes.     

Synthesis of 3-Methyleneisoindolin-1-ones and Isoquinolinium Salts via Exo and Endo Selective Cyclization of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzaldimines

Coinage metal-promoted 5-exo and 6-endo selective cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)benzaldimines has been studied. It was found that, under gold catalysis, 2-(1-alkynyl)benzaldimines exclusively underwent 5-exo-dig cyclization processes, followed by oxidation to form N-aryl 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones. In contrast, in the presence of base and under activation of AgOTf, switching of 5-exo to 6-endo cyclizations of 2-(1-alkynyl)benzaldimines was observed, exclusively giving N-aryl or N-alkyl substituted isoquinolinium salts. The two key reaction intermediates, exocyclic vinyl-Au and the endocyclic vinyl-Ag species have been isolated and characterized, and a study of their reactivities confirms the plausible mechanisms. Reactions of the resultant 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones with benzyne afforded structurally important isoindolinone-based benzocyclobutenes. Additionally, several interesting transformations of the resultant isoquinolinium salts have been investigated.     

Synthesis of 5-polyfluoroalkyl-4-( p -tolyl-sulfonyl)pyrazoles and 4-polyfluoroalkyl-5-( p -tolylsulfonyl)pyrimidines from 1-dimethylamino-2-( p -tolylsulfonyl)-polyfluoro-1-alken-3-ones

1-Dimethylamino-2-(p-tolylsulfonyl)polyfluoro-1-alken-3-ones were obtained from hydrates of 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-2-propanone and 3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-2-pentanone under conditions of the Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold reaction. The analogous reaction of 3,3-difluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-2-propanone hydrate leads to 3-chloro-1-dimethylamino-4,4-difluoro-2-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-1,3-butadiene. The feasibility of using 1-dimethylamino-2-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-polyfluoro-1-alken-3-ones in reactions with nitrogen binucleophiles has been demonstrated for the regioselective synthesis of pyrazoles and pyrimidines. The structure of 1-phenyl-4-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole was confirmed by X-ray diffraction structural analysis. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 1052–1058, July, 2007.     

Enantioselective synthesis of chiral 4H-pyran derivatives through [3+3] tandem reaction over a squaramide catalyst

An efficient [3+3] tandem reaction between 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones and 2-(1-alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones over a tertiary amine–squaramide catalyst is described. The pyran fused pyrazolone derivatives were successfully obtained in 53–88% yields and with 62–84% ee by this synthetic methodology. This methodology involves easily accessible starting material, mild condition, satisfied yields and ee values. Additionally, when enynes were used as the substrates for the [3+3] cascade reaction, isomerized target products could be obtained directly.