微波固相反应前驱体热分解法制备纳米氧化铜粉体

将固体CuSO4·5H2O和Na2CO3混合均匀后溶于适量乙醇中,然后进行微波辐照,立即反应生成泥浆状固体,将该泥浆状固体洗涤后干燥即可得到粉状前驱体.然后在600 ℃加热1 h分解该前驱体,即可制得纳米氧化铜粉体.在加热速率为10 ℃/min的条件下,对该前驱体进行表征,发现其热分解和晶体化温度约为550 ℃.对制得的纳米氧化铜粉体进行XRD、SEM、TEM和IR分析,结果表明制得的产物为纳米氧化铜粉体,其粉体粒径在30～50 nm,平均粒径约为40 nm.     

纳米Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷复合粉体的醇-水加热法制备与表征

为制备分散均匀的纳米尺度的共晶陶瓷复合粉体,采用Al(NO3)3·9H2O和Gd2O3作为原材料,通过醇-水加热法制备了纳米尺度的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶成分陶瓷粉体.研究了溶液初始浓度配比和pH值等对复合粉体粒径的影响.通过SEM、TEM、FT-IR和BET N2吸附法等手段表征了前驱体颗粒大小和分散性3确定最佳的前驱体制备工艺,对前驱体进行煅烧制得Al2O3/GdAlO3复合陶瓷粉体.结果表明,前驱体粒径和分散性受制备工艺影响较大;特别是,最佳工艺制备的前驱体平均粒径20 nm,分散性良好,形貌多呈球形;1250℃煅烧后得到的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷粉体的晶化良好、成分均匀,粉体粒径100～200 nm.     

不同填充溶剂对CaTi2O4(OH)2形貌及其光催化性能的影响

利用水热法通过改变填充溶剂的种类制备了不同形貌的CaTi2 O4(OH)2粉体.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对粉体的相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并结合粉体在紫外-可见吸收光下对罗丹明B的吸附率及光降解率进行了表征.研究了不同填充溶剂对CaTi2 O4 (OH)2的相结构、微观形貌、能带宽度以及光催化性能的影响.结果表明:乙醇和乙二醇作为填充溶剂时会抑制晶体的生长和发育,可获得纳米线状或团状CaTi2 O4 (OH)2粉体,对罗丹明B表现出较佳的吸附特性;无填充溶剂以及以水和环己烷分别作为填充溶剂可获得具有片状结构的CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体.填充环己烷能够促进CaTi2O4(OH)2相的生长和发育,结晶度最高达到了78.04;,在紫外可见光3h下对罗丹明B降解率达到91.6;.     

改进的多元醇法制备高分散纳米氧化镁及其锶吸附性能研究

以六水合氯化镁(MgCl·6H2O)为原料,以尿素为沉淀剂,采用改进的多元醇法制备了颗粒均匀、分散性好的纳米氧化镁粒子,并分别研究了反应温度和反应时间对前驱体和MgO粉体结构和形貌的影响.研究表明,在110℃反应8h后制备的前驱体为30 nm左右纳米颗粒状碱式碳酸镁Mg5 (CO3)4(OH)2(H2O)4.在700℃焙烧3h后可得到粒径为50 nm左右分散性较好的MgO纳米粒子.该种纳米氧化镁粉体对水溶液中的锶具有较好的吸附作用,吸附量为5.3 mg/g.     

微乳液溶剂热法微/纳米Sm2O3的可控合成

采用微乳液溶剂热法,在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正辛烷/正丁醇/硝酸钐(碳酸铵)形成的反相微乳液体系中,合成了微/纳米Sm2O3的前驱体.前驱体经800℃焙烧制得了微/纳米Sm2O3.利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物的晶形、形貌和尺寸进行了测试与分析,考察了水核比(ω)、反应温度对微/纳米Sm2O3形貌和尺寸的影响,并提出了其可能的形成机理.结果表明:随着ω的增大,微/纳米Sm2O3的形貌由椭球状变为多面体状再变为双鱼尾状;随着反应温度的升高,微/纳米Sm2O3的形貌由鱼骨状变为菱片堆叠状再变为菱片状.     

碳铵尿素双沉淀法合成球形纳米 α-Al2O3粉体的研究

报道了一种用硝酸铝和碳酸铵以及尿素反应制备球形纳米α-Al2O3粉体的便捷方法.通过X射线粉末衍射、差热分析和扫描电镜对产物进行表征观察,结果显示,用这种方法所合成的前驱体为2～6μm鹅卵石形状的氢氧化铝.前驱体再经1200℃煅烧2 h得到直径为200 nm左右的孪生球形纳米氧化铝粉体.在此过程中,尿素起到了调节形貌的作用.     

共沉淀法制备Ba(Fe0.5 Nb0.5)O3纳米粉体

以廉价的Nb2O5为铌源,采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3粉体.用XRD、TG-DSC、FT-IR、SEM等测试手段分析了烧结温度、保温时间、体系温度、pH值等对前驱体粉体的物相、形貌及晶粒大小的影响,并对粉体的磁学性能进行了表征.结果表明:合成温度在950℃,体系温度在30℃和50℃均可获得纯相立方钙钛矿结构的Ba(Fe0.5 Nb0.5)O3粉体,保温时间和pH值对粉体相结构变化无影响.在体系温度为30℃,pH=10,前驱体粉体在950℃煅烧2h后获得颗粒尺寸约30 nm的Ba(Fe05Nb0.5)O3粉体,且粉体具有弱的铁磁性.     

片状和球状纳米CeO2的可控制备及其光催化性能

以乙二醇、水和丙酸为溶剂,使用无模板溶剂热法通过改变溶剂中乙二醇的体积比在180 ℃的条件下制备了前驱体,将前驱体在500 ℃的空气中焙烧2 h得到分散性较好的片状和球状纳米CeO2.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解为目标反应评价其光催化活性.结果表明:焙烧后试样仍保持前驱体的片状或球状形貌,由纳米颗粒组装而成,片状纳米CeO2直径为0.3~1 μm,厚度为20~60 nm,球状纳米CeO2径为120~200 nm;超细纳米结构使得CeO2光学带隙能减小、光吸收阀值红移、比表面积增大,因而光催化活性大幅提高,片状和球状纳米CeO2在可见光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的3 h降解率由棒状结构CeO2的12.3;分别提高至80.1;和91.2;.     

水热法制备蝴蝶结形貌的CeO2粉体

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源,L-半胱氨酸为表面活性剂,NaOH为碱源通过水热法制备了前驱体Ce2O(CO3)2·xH2O,经煅烧后得到了蝴蝶结形貌的CeO2粉体,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制得产物的晶相和形貌进行了表征,并分析了不同反应条件对产物形貌的影响.结果表明:水热反应温度180℃反应24h制备出蝴蝶结形CeO2的前驱体,经400℃煅烧1h,获得长约14 μm,两端呈分叉多枝结构的CeO2粉体;随着反应时间的延长,产物经历了由椭球形向蝴蝶结形的转变.     

低温燃烧合成法制备纳米氧化镧

以六水硝酸镧、一水柠檬酸为原料,利用低温燃烧合成法制备了纳米La2O3粉体.利用XRD、TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对干凝胶热分解过程及最终形成的纳米La2O3粉体进行了表征,并研究了前驱体溶液的pH值、物质的量配比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对粉体粒径和形貌的影响.实验结果表明,在溶液的pH=2,La(NO3)3·6H2O:C6H8O7·H2O=6:7,煅烧温度在700~900 ℃,煅烧时间为1.5 h时,可获得粒径均匀的纳米La2O3粉体,且所得产物的粒径范围为50~100 nm.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.