钢丝绳隔振器的非线性动力学模型

基于非线性钢丝绳隔振器的静态力学特性,引入了频率软化系数,建立了非线性动力学隔振模型.基于该模型研究了钢丝绳隔振器对冲击激励与随机激励的动态响应,对结果进行了讨论.理论分析与数值模拟表明:引入频率软化系数的隔振模型比传统的线性动力学模型具有更好的隔振效果,更加符合实际情况.     

新型橡胶隔振器参数辨识及动力学特性研究

采用粘弹性-超弹性-弹塑性材料本构模型,对一种新型的橡胶隔振器进行了动态特性研究,并与已有实验结果进行了对比。根据所得到的恢复力-位移迟滞回线,研究了频率、动态位移幅值对橡胶隔振器的动刚度的影响。在此基础上,给出了这种新型橡胶隔振器的非线性恢复力模型并进行了参数辨识。根据所得恢复力模型对隔振器系统进行了动力性能研究,发现此橡胶隔振器在低频时隔振作用很小,但在高频时隔振效果明显且随频率增加力传递率逐渐减小,隔振效果最大可达到96%。该隔振器的建模和参数辨识方法为这类隔振器的优化设计和工程应用提供了理论依据和分析方法。     

磁悬浮挠性转子系统模型复合辨识方法

针对磁悬浮挠性转子的纯有限元分析模型精度低的问题,提出一种磁悬浮挠性转子系统模型复合辨识方法。该方法首先采用有限元方法把磁悬浮挠性转子划分为多个Timoshenko梁单元,建立磁悬浮挠性转子系统模型,并对其挠性临界频率、阻尼、刚度和振型等关键参数进行分析,进而得到磁悬浮挠性转子的等效降阶数学模型;然后采用鲁棒自适应方法分析磁悬浮挠性转子系统的动态特性;最后,采用变LEVY方法从动态特性分析数据中对磁悬浮挠性转子进行系统辨识,校正有限元分析得到的降阶数学模型。实验结果表明,本方法可以得到磁悬浮挠性转子较为准确的系统模型。     

电磁极宽度对圆柱绕流场影响的数值分析

在雷诺数Re=200的情况,利用Maxwell方程直接数值计算表面包覆电极与磁极圆柱体产生的电磁力分布,将其加入到动量方程中,在各种电磁力作用参数和电磁极宽度的组合下,对表面覆盖电磁极圆柱体在弱电解质中的绕流场结构及其升阻力特性进行了数值模拟与分析.结果表明,当电磁极宽度较小时,圆柱体绕流场的分离点越容易接近后驻点,而电磁力对总阻力的影响并不明显,但对压差和摩擦阻力均有明显影响.当电磁极宽度较大时,圆柱体尾部区域越容易产生射流现象,而且总阻力随电磁力作用参数和电磁极宽度增大而减小.在电磁力尚不足以完全抑制周期性涡脱落的情况下,升力幅值随电磁力作用参数增大而减小,但随电磁极宽度则先减小后略有增加,升力脉动频率则均随电磁力作用参数和电磁极宽度增大而增加.研究表明,电磁力可以有效地改善圆柱体绕流场结构,达到减小圆柱体阻力并抑制其脉动升力之目的,因此是圆柱型结构的一种有效流动控制手段.     

电磁轴承低偏置控制方式的实现

介绍了电磁轴承的基本组成，通过对电磁力的力学方程进行分析，提出了低偏置磁通控制的思想，并从功放的角度出发分析了低偏置电流工作的优点。经过仿真及实验，结果表明，这种方法对于减少功耗损失、获得满意的动态响应和高频动态性能方面是行之有效的。     

电磁力控制翼型绕流分离的增升减阻效率研究

电磁力可有效对流体流动进行控制,增升减阻,抑制流动分离,制约其推广应用的瓶颈为控制效率问题.为提高其控制效率,基于翼型绕流的电磁力控制,对电磁力增升减阻的控制效率问题进行数值研究. 根据能量守恒定律,推导电磁力控制能耗的比,基于升力和阻力计算节省能量. 定义电磁力的控制效率为能量节省与电磁力控制所需能耗的比值,研究不同工况下电磁力增升减阻的控制效率. 发现在控制开始阶段,电磁力能量主要消耗在增加边界层流体的动能上,电磁力控制效率非常低,但电磁力控制效率会随着电磁力工作时间的增长而增加;电磁力控制效率随着来流速度的增加呈指数下降;通过增加电磁力激活板的输入能量可增强电磁力的控制效果,但无法明显增加其控制效率.      

时变磁场激励下金属圆板的电磁力特征分析

电磁力的计算是电磁成形这一新型加工工艺的关键问题之一,目前在工程界多采用近似的磁压力公式pm=B2/2μ0。该公式对加工工件半径较大且外加磁场频率较高时较为适用,在外加磁场频率较低或工件半径较小时有较大误差。本文基于Maxwell方程组推导了在外加横向磁场作用下金属圆板上涡电流分布的特征,进而给出了电磁力解析表达式,在此基础上得到修正的电磁压力公式。分析结果表明:本文得到的修正磁压力公式在工件半径较大,外加磁场频率较高时和原磁压力公式趋于一致,对于小尺寸,外加磁场频率较低的情形也能进行模拟.这对低频磁场下,小尺寸工件的磁致成形工艺具有指导意义。     

电缆绕组变压器线圈短路机械强度的计算

在变压器T型等值电路基础上,求得变压器短路最严重情况对应的起始条件和出现最大短路电流时刻。以此起始条件设定变压器原边电压激励,利用“磁路-电路”耦合有限元法建立了2D轴对称模型,计算了变压器原、副边线圈及各线匝短路电磁力。以出现最大轴向和径向电磁力的线匝为研究对象,结合电缆绕组变压器的受力特点,建立了单线匝短路条件下的静态和动态有限元模型。选择第四强度破坏理论,分别计算了静态和动态时线匝相当应力分布。讨论了静态时相当应力与预紧压强、撑条根数的关系;分析了相当应力随时间的变化规律,并与静态对应情况进行了比较。     

圆管湍流减阻电磁力控制的直接数值模拟

利用直接数值模拟研究了圆管湍流减阻的电磁力控制问题. 在圆管表面布置一层交替排 列的条形电极和磁极,施加电压后在导电的流体介质中产生周向随时间变化的电磁力,通过 改变电磁力的大小和变化周期等参数可以使阻力大幅减少. 研究减阻率和控制参数的 关系,并研究了电磁力减阻的机理. 电磁力控制存在最优周期,阻力最大降 低24.2{\%}; 电磁力控制抑制了流向和法向速度的脉动,而周向脉动速度随振荡周 期的增大而增大.     

圆柱表面包覆电磁场消涡与增涡实验研究

利用电磁体积力改变流体边界层的结构，用作用于流体边界层上的电磁力进行消涡与增涡控制。交替分布的电极和磁极包覆在圆柱体的表面置于电介质溶液中，简单调整电磁力的时间与空间分布可以方便地控制圆柱绕流的形态。通过理论分析和数值模拟确定了实验控制的关键参数，实现了电磁力消涡和增涡的连续控制，电磁力作用下的圆柱绕流的分离点可以在前驻点和后驻点之间变动。     

磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置中的磁机耦合效应研究

磁致伸缩材料和柔顺位移放大机构组成的主动驱动装置具有精度高、驱动力大等特点.将其与被动隔振装置并联,形成主被动隔振装置,可以弥补纯被动隔振在低频和微幅扰动工况下的不足.本文针对这类磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置进行磁机耦合效应研究.基于Jiles-Atherton模型,分析了磁致伸缩材料所受应力对有效磁场、磁化强度、磁致伸缩系数和材料杨氏模量的影响,表征了材料磁机耦合效应.在此基础上,建立了主被动隔振装置的动力学模型,分析了主动驱动装置与被动隔振装置间的耦合作用.在耦合作用影响下,若被动隔振装置刚度不同,即使输入磁场相同,驱动器产生的驱动位移和驱动力也不相同.磁致伸缩材料的变刚度效应使隔振装置整体等效刚度不再为定值,从而影响被动隔振效果.本文提出了通过柔顺机构参数设计减小前述两种耦合影响的方法.数值仿真结果表明,磁致伸缩主被动隔振装置在低于、接近和高于谐振频率三类扰动下,都能达到比被动隔振更好的振动抑制效果.此外,仿真结果验证了考虑磁机耦合效应的数值模型具有更高精度.      

A quasi-zero-stiffness isolator with a shear-thinning viscous damper

Quasi-zero-stiffness(QZS) vibration isolators have been widely studied,because they show excellent high static and low dynamic stiffnesses and can effectively solve low-frequency and ultralow-frequency vibration. However, traditional QZS(T-QZS)vibration isolators usually adopt linear damping, owing to which achieving good isolation performance at both low and high frequencies is difficult. T-QZS isolators exhibit hardening stiffness characteristics, and their vibration isolation performance is e...     

含机械调频式动力吸振器的准零刚度隔振系统隔振性能分析

基于动力吸振器原理,在单自由度准零刚度隔振器基础上耦合可调频动力吸振器构成两自由度隔振系统。首先,对动力吸振器工作原理进行理论分析并提出其力学模型;其次,通过静力学分析,推导出系统满足零刚度条件时,各参数间的关系并分析其对系统刚度特性的影响;然后,建立两自由度隔振系统非线性动力学方程,利用谐波平衡法进行幅频响应解析分析,得到力传递率表达式;最后,数值分析动力吸振器阻尼、刚度、质量、激励力幅值和弹簧片有效长度对力传递率的影响规律,并与单自由度准零刚度隔振系统及两自由度线性隔振系统对比分析。结果表明：通过选择适当的动力吸振器参数不仅可以减小系统的起始隔振频率,增宽隔振频带,且还能加快系统力传递率在特定频段内的衰减速率,改善系统的低频隔振性能,实现激励频率的可适应性。     

OPTIMAL TRACK SEEKING CONTROL OF DUAL-STAGE ACTUATOR FOR HIGH DENSITY HARD DISK DRIVES

Based on generalized the variation method, by introducing Hamilton function andLagrange multiplier, this paper proposed a linear quadratic optimal control strategy for an in-complete controllable system with fixed terminal state and time. Applying the proposed optimalcontrol to the simple two-input dual-stage actuator magnetic head positioning system with threedegrees-of-freedom, the simulation results show that the system has no residual vibration at theterminal position and time,which can reduce the total access time during head positioning process.To verify the validation of the optimal control strategy of three degrees-of-freedom spring-massmodels in actual magnetic head positioning of hard disk drives, a finite element model of an actualmagnetic head positioning system is presented. Substituting the optimal control force from simplethree degrees-of-freedom spring-mass models into the finite element model, the simulation resultsshow that the magnetic head also has no residual vibration at the end of track-to-track travel.That is to say, the linear quadratic optimal control technique based on simple two-input dual-stage actuator system with three degrees-of-freedom proposed in this paper is of high reliabilityfor the industrial application of an actual magnetic head positioning system.     

Cascaded quasi-zero stiffness nonlinear low-frequency vibration isolator inspired by human spine

Human motion induced vibration has very low frequency, ranging from 2 Hz to 5 Hz. Traditional vibration isolators are not effective in low-frequency regions due to the trade-off between the low natural frequency and the high load capacity. In this paper, inspired by the human spine, we propose a novel bionic human spine inspired quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator which consists of a cascaded multi-stage negative stiffness structure. The force and stiffness characteristics are investigated first, the dynamic model is established by Newton’s second law, and the isolation performance is analyzed by the harmonic balance method (HBM). Numerical results show that the bionic isolator can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance by increasing the number of negative structure stages, and reducing the damping values and external force values can obtain better low-frequency isolation performance. In comparison with the linear structure and existing traditional QZS isolator, the bionic spine isolator has better vibration isolation performance in low-frequency regions. It paves the way for the design of bionic ultra-low-frequency isolators and shows potential in many engineering applications.

     

Performance analysis of a nonlinear inerter-based vibration isolator with inerter embedded in a linkage mechanism

This study presents an inerter-based nonlinear vibration isolator with geometrical nonlinearity created by configuring an inerter in a diamond-shaped linkage mechanism. The isolation performance of the proposed nonlinear isolator subjected to force or base-motion excitations is investigated. Both analytical and alternating frequency-time harmonic balance methods as well as numerical integration method are used to obtain the dynamic response. Beneficial performance of the nonlinear isolator is demonstrated by various performance indices including the force and displacement transmissibility as well as power flow variables. It is found that the use of the nonlinear inerter in the isolator can shift and bend the peaks of the transmissibility and time-averaged power flow to the low-frequency range, creating a larger frequency band of effective vibration isolation. It is also shown that the inertance-to-mass ratio and the initial distance of the nonlinear inerter can be effectively tailored to achieve reduced transmissibility and power transmission at interested frequencies. Anti-resonant peaks appear at specific frequency, creating near-zero energy transmission and significantly reducing vibration transmission to a base structure on which the proposed isolator is mounted.

     

Nonlinear vibration of a rotating cantilever beam in a surrounding magnetic field

The nonlinear vibrations of a rotating cantilever beam made of magnetoelastic materials surrounded by a uniform magnetic field are investigated. The kinetic energy, potential energy and work done by the electromagnetic force are obtained. A nonlinear dynamic model, based on the Hamilton principle, which includes the stretching vibration and bending vibration is presented. The Galerkin method is adopted to discretize the dynamic equations. The proposed method is validated by comparison with the literature. The nonlinear behaviors of the responses are studied. Then simulations for different kinds of magnetic field are conducted. The effects of magnetic field parameters, including the amplitude, plane angle, spatial angle and time-varying frequency, on the dynamic behaviors of the stretching motion and bending motion are investigated in detail. The results illustrate that the interaction effects between the rotating cantilever beam and the magnetic field will increase the vibration amplitude and fluctuation of the beam. In particular, we found that: collinear magnetic fields with equal amplitude lead to the same dynamic responses; the amplitude of magnetic field intensity increases the dynamic responses remarkably; the response amplitude changes nonlinearly with the plane angle and spatial angle of the magnetic field; and the increase of time-varying frequency enhances dynamic responses of the rotating cantilever beam.     

Dynamic stiffness of chemically and physically ageing rubber vibration isolators in the audible frequency range: Part 2—waveguide solution

The dynamic stiffness of a chemically and physically ageing rubber vibration isolator in the audible frequency range is modelled as a function of ageing temperature, ageing time, actual temperature, time, frequency and isolator dimension. In particular, the dynamic stiffness for an axially symmetric, homogeneously aged rubber vibration isolator is derived by waveguides where the eigenmodes given by the dispersion relation for an infinite cylinder satisfying traction free radial surface boundary condition are matched to satisfy the displacement boundary conditions at the lateral surface ends of the finite rubber cylinder. The constitutive equations are derived in a companion paper (Part 1). The dynamic stiffness is calculated over the whole audible frequency range 20–20,000 Hz at several physical ageing times for a temperature history starting at thermodynamic equilibrium at \(+25\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) and exposed by a sudden temperature step down to \(-60\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) and at several chemical ageing times at temperature \(+25\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) with simultaneous molecular network scission and reformation. The dynamic stiffness results are displaying a strong frequency dependence at a short physical ageing time, showing stiffness magnitude peaks and troughs, and a strong physical ageing time dependence, showing a large stiffness magnitude increase with the increased physical ageing time, while the peaks and troughs are smoothed out. Likewise, stiffness magnitude peaks and troughs are frequency-shifted with increased chemical ageing time. The developed model is possible to apply for dynamic stiffness prediction of rubber vibration isolator over a broad audible frequency range under realistic environmental condition of chemical ageing, mainly attributed to oxygen exposure from outside and of physical ageing, primarily perceived at low-temperature steps.     

Dynamic analysis and performance evaluation of nonlinear inerter-based vibration isolators

This paper investigates a nonlinear inertance mechanism (NIM) for vibration mitigation and evaluates the performance of nonlinear vibration isolators employing such mechanism. The NIM comprises a pair of oblique inerters with one common hinged terminal and the other terminals fixed. The addition of the NIM to a linear spring-damper isolator and to nonlinear quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) isolators is considered. The harmonic balance method is used to derive the steady-state frequency response relationship and force transmissibility of the isolators subjected to harmonic force excitations. Different performance indices associated with the dynamic displacement response and force transmissibility are employed to evaluate the performance of the resulting isolators. It is found that the frequency response curve of the inerter-based nonlinear isolation system with the NIM and a linear stiffness bends towards the low-frequency range, similar to the characteristics of the Duffing oscillator with softening stiffness. It is shown that the addition of NIM to a QZS isolator enhances vibration isolation performance by providing a wider frequency band of low amplitude response and force transmissibility. These findings provide a better understanding of the functionality of the NIM and assist in better designs of nonlinear passive vibration mitigation systems with inerters.