Micro‐ and Nanoemulsions in Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products

This article presents a model of droplet disruption in an ultrasonic field. It describes the experiments with preparing fine emulsions in the ultrasonic field.     

Novel Mixed LB Films of Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Based on Molecular Recognition

Phthalocyaninesaresyntheticsubstancesrelatedtothenaturallyoccurringporphyrins.Itsthermalandchemicalstabilitymakesitveryusefulinmolecularelectronicsl.TheLBfilmsofphthalocyaninehavebeenwidelystudiedinthepastdecade.ButfewreportsonthemixedLBfilmsofphthalocyanineandporphyrinhavebeenpublished"'HerewereportanovelmixedLBfilmfabricatedbydepositingporphyrinandphthalocyaineinonelayerbasedonmolecularrecognition.Figure1.ThestructureofcompoundAandBAsymmetricallysubstitutedphthalocyanineAandporphyrinBa…     

Study on Alternating LB Films of Charge-Transfer Complex of Octadecyl-TCNQ and Copper Phthalocyanine Derivative

LangInuir-Blodgett(LB)filInscontainingtetracyanoquinoddriethane(TCNQ)derivativesasthestrongacceptor0fanorganicani0n-radicalsalthaveattractedmanyinvestigatorsforlastdecadebecausesomeofthemhaveshownhighconductivityI'].Sincemetal-phthalocyaninederivativeshavethelargedelocalizedrrelectronsystemI'],therrelectronsarerelativelyeasilyionized,sothatphthal0cyaninesarerelative1yg0ode1ectr0ndonors.TheIowionizationenergiesandhighpolarizationenergiesofphthalocyaninesareparticularlyfavorabletocharge-tran…     

Fabrication of Layer-by-layer Films of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes

Layer-by-layer(LBL)self-assembly method was used to fabricate siliceous ultrathin films by using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes as building blocks.Ammonium salt of kctasilsesquioxane acid (OSi8) and bply(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA) were altermately assembled onto CaF2 slide to form nanocomposite multilqyers,Linear build-up of the LBL films was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy.IR spectrum suggests existence of OSi8 and PDDA in the LBL films.Atomic force microscopic surface topography of the LBL films indicates the OSi8 covers the entire surface of the topmost layer and shows a granular morphology.     

Fabrication and Fluorescence Study of Sensitizing Dye/TiO_2 Films

Apromisingapproachusingthehydrolysisoftitaniumalkoxideinethanolicsolutionforthepreparationoftitaniumdioxide(TiO,)atroomtemperaturehasbeengivenmuchattelltionl,2.HerewedescribethefabricationandcharacterizationofbilayerusingcolloidalTiO,filmdye-sensitizedwithasymmetTicallysubstitutedtram4-(2,4-his-tert-amylphenoxy)]-(8-quinoIinolyl)copperphthalocyanineor(Cl,H,5),-N-@H=CH-the-CH,-CH,-COO-whicharedenotedasdyeaanddyebrespectively.Thebilayer,composedofthesize-fixedTiO,ultrafineparticles(UFP)…     

Methods for the Preparation of Micro‐ and Nanocrystals of Urethane‐Substituted Polydiacetylenes

Urethane‐substituted polydiacetylene (PDA) crystals of bis(ethyl)‐urethane of 5,7‐dodecadiyne‐1,12‐diol (poly(ETCD)) with micronscale and nanoscale dimension were fabricated by either ultrasonication, surfactant addition or vapor phase processing approaches. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to evaluate the sizes and the shapes of the obtained poly(ETCD) microcrystals. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed to investigate in situ size distributions of these crystals in aqueous suspension. A UV/Visible/NIR Spectrometer (UV/Vis/NIR) was used to study the electronic absorption of the poly(ETCD) microcrystals. Thermochromic phenomena for poly(ETCD) crystals still exist after their dimension was decreased to the nanoscale.     

Deposition of π-Conjugated Polycyanate Ester Thin Films and Their Dielectric Properties

Two kinds of novel π-conjugated polycyanate esters, namely the plasma-polymerized 4-methoxyphenol cyanate ester (PPMPCE) and the plasma-polymerized 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester (PPPPCE), were successfully prepared by plasma polymerization for the first time. The structure and compositions of both plasma polycyanate esters were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–Visible Absorption Spectra (UV–Vis). The results show that extensively conjugated C=N double bonds were formed in the plasma-deposited cyanate ester thin films, the plasma polymerization of both monomers proceeded mainly via the opening of π-bonds of the O–C≡N functional groups which are further on being formed into a large π-conjugated system, this unique process is noticeably different from the conventional thermal polymerization reaction of cyanate ester monomers. Further dielectric measurement shows that PPPPCE thin film gives a lower dielectric constant comparing to that of the PPMPCE film, and the dielectric constant of both plasma deposited thin films decreased with an increase in measurement frequency.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Structured SiO2 Thin Films on Carbon Steel

Nano-structured SiO2 thin films were prepared on the surface of carbon steel for the first time by LPD. The compositions of the films were analyzed by XPS, and the surface morphology of the thin films were observed by AFM. The thin films were constituted by compact particles of SiO2, and there was no Fe in the films. In the process of film forming, the SiO2 colloid particles were deposited or absorbed directly onto the surface of carbon steel substrates that were activated by acid solution containing inhibitor, and corrosion of the substrates was avoided. The nano-structured SiO2 thin films that were prepared had excellent protective efficiency to the carbon.     

Chemical Liquid Phase Deposition of Thin Aluminum Oxide Films

Introduction Inorganic oxide films have attracted a lot of interest in the last several decades. Among them, silicon dioxide films are widely used in modern microelectronics, optics and mechanics. This material has been grown by various methods including thermal oxidation, chemical vapor phase deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor phase deposition, and so on.1,2 Recently, Nagayama et al.3 have reported that SiO2 thin films could be produced by a new chemical method of liquid phase depos…     

Fabrication and Efficient Acidichromism of Langmuir‐Blodgett Films of Azo Group‐Modified Phthalocyanines

Langmuir‐Blodgett thin films of the azo group‐modified phthalocyanines were successfully prepared, and the aggregated and acidichromic properties of their Langmuir‐Blodgett films were investigated.     

Self‐Assembly and Surface Photovoltage Response of ZnS Nanoparticulate Films Sensitized by Tetrasulfonated Copper Phthalocyanine

Composite films of ZnS nanoparticle‐polyelectrolyte were fabricated by the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly technique. The optical properties and structure of the films were characterized by UV‐vis absorption spectra and AFM. The films sensitized by tetrasulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuTsPc) show wide photovoltaic response range. The surface photovoltages corresponding to the ZnS nanoparticle interband transition and CuTsPc Q band transition in the sensitized film are approximately three to four times stronger than those in the ZnS nanoparticle‐polyelectrolyte film and CuTsPc film, respectively, which is attributed to the electron transition from the excited state of CuTsPc to the conduction band of ZnS nanoparticles.     

Microdeformation in Poly-L-lactide and Poly-L-lactide + Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Thin Films

In order to gain new insight into failure mechanisms in poly-L-lactide (PLLA) and PLLA + hydroxyapatite nanocomposites, transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate room temperature microdeformation in electron transparent thin films of these materials subjected to various heat treatments and deformed in tension using the “copper grid” technique. In amorphous PLLA the dominant microdeformation mechanism was crazing. Localized fibrillar deformation zones (DZs) were also observed in semicrystalline films, tending to propagate in regions where the lamellar trajectories were at high angles to the tensile axis. Thus, in spherulitic films, in which the lamellae formed well-defined stacks with approximately straight trajectories at the scale of the spherulite radii, individual DZs were observed to propagate over relatively large distances, as in the amorphous films. On the other hand, films cold crystallized by heating from the glassy state showed more homogeneous lamellar textures. These were associated with a relatively high density of low aspect ratio DZs. Addition of well dispersed nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHA) to the amorphous PLLA films was also found to result in an increase in the craze density, attributed to stress concentrations associated with void formation at the PLLA-particle interfaces during deformation. However, interpretation was less straightforward in cold crystallized PLLA + nHA thin films, owing to a correlation between the lamellar texture and the nHA particles. In this case, both void formation and favorable lamellar orientations may have contributed to initiation of the DZs in the vicinity of the particles. The results are argued to be broadly consistent with previous observations of the behavior of bulk PLLA and PLLA + nHA films with a range of microstructures, in which there was evidence for an improvement in ductility in the presence of the nHA, again attributed to voiding at the PLLA-particle interfaces.     

Micro－area Infrared Spectroanalysis of Inclusions in Lithium Triborate Crystals

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Preparation and Characterization of CuInS2 Thin Films for Solar Cells by Chemical Bath Deposition

Recent years, chalcopyrite semiconductors have been successfully applied as absorber layers for polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. Among the ternary compound semiconductors, CuInSz thin films with a direct bandgap of about 1.50eV and a large absorption coefficient in the range of 10^4-10^5cm^-1[1] are one kind of the most promising optical absorbers for high efficiency thin film solar cells.     

Fabrication, Characterization, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Activity Study of Silver Coated Gold Nanoparticulate Films

This paper reports a study on the preparation of Ag-clad Au colloidal monolayer films by a combination of colloid self-assembly and liquid phase microwave high-pressure technique. Firstly, monodisperse Au nanoparticles prepared by microwave heating method were assembled onto a quartz slide. Then, these Au colloidal particles on the quartz surface acted as seeds for growing the Ag-clad Au composite particulate films. The obtained particulate films were characterized by UV-Vis spectra and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the thickness of the shell and thus the size of particles in the composite colloidal films could be controlled by deposition of Ag on the preformed Au colloidal particle film in the microwave reaction system, and such films significantly increased the surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement （SERS） ability compared with Au colloidal particle films. Their strong enhancement ability may mainly stem from relatively large particle consisting of Ag cladding as well as effective coupling among particles in the Ag-clad Au particle ftlms.     

Effect of α-Hydroxyketones as Chelate Ligands on Dip-Coating of Zirconia Thin Films

The stabilization effects of -hydroxyketones such as acetoin, acetol, and their imine derivatives of monoethanolamine (MEA) on the 2-propanol solution of metal alkoxides (Al, Ti, Zr, Nb and Ta) were investigated. The hydroxyketones, especially acetoin which has a moderate boiling point around 150°C, were found to have a stabilization effect on the alkoxides of Ti^IV, Nb^V and Ta^V already in their molar ratios of 2, while the Zr^IV alkoxide was stabilized at the molar ratio of 4. By sol-gel processing using this acetoin-stabilized solution, crystallized ZrO₂ thin films could be prepared at temperatures as low as 400°C, which was lower than that from a diethanolamine (DEA)-stabilized precursor (450°C). The films prepared in this study showed a high transparency (more than 90%, UV-VIS spectroscopy), suggesting that the use of chelate ligands with low boiling points is a good way to lower the crystallization temperature of sol-gel-derived ZrO₂ thin films. The Zr complexes of the imines made by the reaction between the hydroxyketones and MEA were stable and photosensitive (<500 nm), making it possible to pattern ZrO₂ films by photo-irradiation of their gel films.     

Preparation of CdO Thin Films by Annealing Cd2+‐Dithiol Self‐Assembled Films

Cadmium oxide thin films were prepared by annealing the alternating multilayer films of cadmium ion and 1, 6‐hexanedithiol at 1073 K, which were built up by using the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly technique. The result of EDX confirms the formation of CdO. The CdO film has a high average transmittance over 90% in visible of the region. The mean surface roughness was measured by AFM to be 3.267 nm.     

The Crystalline Structure of Copper Phthalocyanine Films on ZnO(11̅00)

The structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films (5-100 nm) deposited on single-crystal ZnO(11?00) substrates by organic molecular beam deposition was determined from grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps. The crystal structure was identified as the metastable polymorph α-CuPc, but the molecular stacking was found to vary depending on the film thickness: for thin films, a herringbone arrangement was observed, whereas for films thicker than 10 nm, coexistence of both the herringbone and brickstone arrangements was found. We propose a modified structure for the herringbone phase with a larger monoclinic β angle, which leads to intrastack Cu-Cu distances closer to those in the brickstone phase. This structural basis enables an understanding of the functional properties (e.g., light absorption and charge transport) of (opto)electronic devices fabricated from CuPc/ZnO hybrid systems.     

Development of a Ca2+‐Sensitive Electrostatic Self‐Assembly Films for the Fabrication of Reproducible Immunosensor

Abstract

A novel strategy for fabricating reproducible immunosensor has been developed by employing the merits of Ca²⁺‐induced cross‐linkage of sodium alginate and negative‐carboxyl groups of alginate. The alginate was used to modify the gold electrode and render the gold electrode negative charge to immobilize antibodies via electrostatic interaction between carboxyl groups on alginate and amino groups on antibodies to realize the fabrication of immunosensor in 0.01 mol/l pH 7.5 acetic‐acetate buffer solution. The Ca²⁺‐induced cross‐linkage of alginate on the immnosensor can release antibodies from electrode and regenerate one fresh alginate‐modified electrode for the fabrication of new immunosensor. The feasibility of the proposed strategy and qualities of the fabricated immunosensor was evaluated by being applied to a competitive transferrin‐transferrin antiserum immunoassay system.     

The Mixed LB film of Crowned Phthalocyanine and Picrate

Phthalocyaninesareexcellentpigmentswithgo0dthermalandchemicalstability.TheypossessanumberofcharacteristicsthatmakethemsuitableforaPplicahonsinthefieldofmolecularelectronicsl.LBfilmsofphtalocyanineshavebeenwidelystudiedinthepastdecades2'3.PreviouslywereportedthefabricationofmixedLBfilmsofanamphiphilicphthalocyanineandhydrophobicporphyrin4.Herewereportthedepositionandcharacterizationofthemixedfilm0fphthalcyaninehavingapendantcr0wnethergroupandnacceptor(picrate)basedonhost-guestcomPlexation.Mo…