Pretreatment of Alumina and Its Influence on the Properties of Co/Alumina Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

16.6%Co/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method were used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.The support was pre-treated with different concentration of NH_4NO_3 aqueous solution.The effect of support pre-treatment on the properties of support and performance of supported- cobalt-based catalysts was investigated.To treat the support with NH_4NO_3 aqueous solution enlarged the pore ofγ-Al_2O_3,decreased the impurity Na_2O content,and weakened the surface acidity ofγ-Al_2O_3. The change in the properties of the support decreased the interaction between cobalt species and support, enhanced the CO hydrogenation rate and the C_(5 )selectivity.For all catalysts,increasing the reaction temperature increased the CO hydrogenation rate or the CO conversion,slightly decreased the total hydrocarbon selectivity,and favored the formation of methane and light hydrocarbons,while the chain growth probability decreased.For 16.6%Co/γ-Al_2O3 catalysts,prepared with the support treated with 100 g/L NH_4NO3 aqueous solution,the CO conversion,the CH_4 selectivity,and the C_(5 )selectivity were 83.13%,6.86% and 82.75% respectively,and the chain growth probability was 0.83 under the condition of 493 K,1.5 MPa,500 h~(-1)and the molar ratio of H_2 to CO being 2.0 in feed.     

Natural Mordenite Catalyst Used on the Ammoniation of Methanol

Silicon-magnesium catalyst, aluminum phosphate, ZSM, synthetical mordenite exchanged with alkaline-earth metals ion and acidic oxide, their catalytic properties in the ammoniation of methanol have been reported1~5. However, so far the ammoniation of methanol catalyzed by natural mordenite has not been reported. In the present work, we report the characterization and catalytic properties of natural mordenite catalysts.NH3-TPD was used to measure the acidic properties of these zeolites. The a…     

Studies on the Synthesis of Pyridine Analogs of the Natural Product3,5,4''''-Trimethoxystilbene

3,5,4'-Trimethoxystilbene is the methoxy precursor of a natural product 3,5,4'-trihydro- xystilbene (resveratrol)1 , which was reported to have many biological activities2. 3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene itself is also a natural product2. We have synthesized 3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene. In the screening of its anti-tumor activity using three different human cancer cell lines, 3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene was found to have an IC50 5.91 mol/L for KB, 5.82 mol/L for A2780, 7.08 mol/L for HCT-8, respe…     

Studies on Atropo-Enantioselective Synthesis of the Natural Chiral Axial Biaryls

Ary-aryl bond formation plays an important role in modern organic synthesis. These bonds are very often occurred in natural products such as alkaloids as well as in numerous biologically active parts of pharmaceutical and agrochemical specialties. In addition, they are also the scaffolds of some of the most efficient and selective ligands for asymmetric catalysts, especially when atropisomery is possible. In this report, we report the structure and the enantioselective synthesis of some natura…     

Influence of Method of Introduction of Cu- and Zn-Based Modifiers on the Properties of Chromia–Alumina Catalysts

Three methods of introduction of modifiers based on Cu and Zn compounds into the CrO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts for dehydrogenation of light paraffin hydrocarbons are considered: Introduction from sol, introduction using successive impregnation technique and introduction of modifiers by impregnation along with precursor of chromium oxide. The obtained samples are studied by a complex of physical-chemical methods (XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (TPR-H₂), X-ray fluorescent (XRF) spectrometry, low-temperature N₂ sorption). The catalytic properties of the samples are studied in kinetic mode in isobutane dehydrogenation. Cu- and Zn-modifiers are shown to influence on the peculiarities of reduction of Cr⁶⁺ and, hence, specify the state of active surface of CrO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts formed in the reductive reaction medium. Not only do the states of modifiers influence on the initial activity of the catalyst, but also on its activity after oxidative regeneration. Introduction of modifiers by successive impregnation method results in formation of copper and zinc aluminates or defective spinels on the Al₂O₃ surface. When the active component is introduced, the modified surface of the support promotes formation and stabilization of Cr⁶⁺ sites that can undergo reversible reduction–oxidation and provide high activity and selectivity towards formation of isobutylene (>98%).     

Effects of Alkali Element Doping and Synthesis Conditions on the Genesis of the Phase Composition of Alumina–Chromium Catalysts

Kinetics and Catalysis - The influence of modifying additives and synthesis conditions on the genesis of the phase composition of alumina–chromium catalysts was studied by differential...     

Microwave-assisted Regioselective 1-O-Deacylation of Peracylated Glycopyranoses on Alumina

A facile, rapid and regioselective method for the 1-O-deacylation of peracylated glycopyranoses is described which occurs under mild conditions by absorption onto alumina using microwave irradiation.     

High-temperature Thermo-oxidative Aging of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

The aging of natural rubber(NR) at high temperatures will seriously affect its service lifetime in many key applications. In the present work, the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of semi-efficient vulcanized NR/carbon black(CB) vulcanizates during thermooxidative aging at high temperatures(150-200 °C) and a moderate temperature(95 °C) were compared. At high temperatures, a two-stage aging behavior, which was characteristic of a first rapid decline and then a continuous rise i...     

Influence of Pore-expansion Agent on the Structure and Performance of Activated Alumina Synthesized from Waste Aluminum Sludge

1 INTRODUCTION The reactivity of activated alumina adsorbent is closely related to its specific surface area: the larger the specific surface area, the better its activity and adsorbent capability are. However, in reality, the prac- tically available specific surface area or effective spe- cific area has relationship with its pore structure[1]. Since many reactant molecules are difficult to enter the pores to react with whose radius is shorter than certain critical value, the increase of p…     

Studies on the Synthesis of a Natural Product—Piceatannol and its Analogs

Piceatannol,(E)-3,3′,4,5′-tetrahydroxy stilbene, a natural polyhydroxy stibene, possesses many biological activities, its synthesis has been reported. We designed another route of its synthesis, which can be controlled more easily. The synthetic product was characterized by elemental analysis,IR,MS and ^1H-NMR. Its analogs were synthesized by the similar method.     

Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Benzothiazolines in the Presence of Alumina

o‐Aminothiophenol reacted with ketones and β‐keto esters in the presence of alumina under mild and solvent‐free conditions to afford the corresponding benzothiazolines in high yields. Alumina can be reused for subsequent reactions without any loss of the activity.     

Texture–Strength Properties of the Alumina–Montmorillonite Composite

The texture characteristics and strength properties of the molded alumina–montmorillonite composite are studied. The mixture is obtained by mixing suspensions of activated clay and pseudoboehmite followed by drying (at 293 and 393 K) and calcination (at 873 K). It is a promising support for cracking and hydrotreating catalysts. The changes in the specific surface area; the volumes of micro-, meso-, macropore, and medium-size pores; and the strength of samples are studied by varying the montmorillonite concentration in the composite. The addition of 20–35 wt % clay largely results in a sharp in reduction of the macropore region and, correspondingly, provides the alumina oxide average strength of the extrudates of 10–12 MN/m², which is sufficient for industrial supports. This excludes the stage of standard acidic peptization from the technological scheme of alumina production. The complex study of the porous structure of the composite by adsorption and mercury porosimetry combined with elements of percolation theory makes it possible to predict the texture–strength properties of derivative materials.     

A Novel Heat-resisting Surfactant for the Modification of Alumina Nanoparticles

An casy preparation of controlled alumina nanoparticles by the solution precipitate method has been carried out using dendrimer as surfactant.The effects of the amount and size of surfactant on morphological control of powder have also been discussed.     

Computer‐Aided Optimization of the Extrusion Process of Automobile Rubber Seal

In this work, the extrusion process of a kind of π‐shape automobile rubber seal was considered using computer‐aided simulation technology. The extrusion flow was assumed to be isothermal and steady, and the finite element method was used to analyze the extrusion process. It was found that the velocity profile was quite uneven near the die exit when a straight die, developed strictly according to the desirable product dimension, was used and the local distortion of the extrudate was fairly prominent when compared with the die geometry. We adjusted the structure of the die and predicted the extrudate's swell by the computer simulation in advance. Simulation results confirmed that the distortion of the seal was greatly suppressed if a short enlarged inflow part was added to the upstream of the original straight die. Then, the extrusion experiment, using the newly designed die, was performed under practical conditions and the swell of the rubber seal was reduced to be within the range of acceptable tolerance. The profiles of the acceptable rubber seals were also well predicted by the computer simulation. Finally, the influences of the take‐up imposed on the end of extrudate and flow rate on the final seal shape were also investigated numerically.     

Anti-Reflective Coatings of Flowerlike Alumina on Various Glass Substrates by the Sol–Gel Process with the Hot Water Treatment

Anti-reflective (AR) properties of flowerlike alumina thin films with a small roughness of less than 100 nm have been studied on substrates such as soda-lime silica glass, non-alkali glass, and quartz glass. The highest AR effects were obtained on quartz glass substrate, which has the lowest refractive index of the three substrates. The reflectance of quartz glass substrates coated with flowerlike Al₂O₃ was less than 0.5% in the wavelength region from 300 to 720 nm.     

Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber Using Carbosilane Dendrimers as the Cross-linker

Peroxide-cured high-temperature vulcanized （HTV） silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecule is Si（CHaCH=CH2）4, as the cross-linker. It showed that this kind of allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimer improved the mechanical properties of silicone rubber.     

Total Synthesis of the Natural Product-Pinosylvin and its Analog

Polyhydroxy stilbenes were proved to have many biological activitiesl'2. 'We havereported the total synthesis of tWo natural products-resveratrol (3,5,4'-tTihydroxylstilbene) and isorhapontigenin 3'4 which were first found in a traditional Chinese herb,G.Parvghlium by M. Lins et al. Herein,we want to present the total synthesis of anothernatural hydroxyl stilbene, pinosylvin (3,5-dihydroxy stilbene,10) isolated from this plantand its analog (3,5,3',5'-tetfahydroxy stilbene,9 ). In the synth…     

Study of Sorption of 2,4‐D on Outer Peristaltic Part of Waste Tire Rubber Granules

From this study it was evident that outer peristaltic parts of waste tire granules gave the highest removal. Film and pore diffusions are the major factors controlling rates of sorption from solution by porous adsorbents. For sorption of 2,4‐D on waste tire rubber granules, the sorption rate coefficient of second‐order kinetic equation was utilized indirectly to determine the rate‐limiting step. The diffusion coefficient lies in the scale of 10^?8 cm²/s, and the pore diffusion coefficient is in the range of 10^?9–10^?10 cm²/s. So both film and pore diffusion are rate limiting. Considering external mass transfer from fluid to particle, using the effect of initial concentration, and using the effect of adsorbent size, no conclusion was reached regarding rate‐controlling steps. It is apparent from the study that external mass transfer (film diffusion) as well as intra‐particle diffusion (pore diffusion) play significant roles in the sorption process for 2,4‐D removal from water onto rubber granules.     

Ramberg-Baecklund Rearrangement Approaches to the Synthesis of Natural Bibenzyls

The Ramberg-Baecklund rearrangement has been successfully utilized to convert readily available α-and α‘-hydrogen bearing substituted dibenzyl sulfones into corresponding stilbene derivatives, which is conveniently followed by hydrogenation in the presence of 10% Pd/C to afford the natural bibenzyls.