Synthesis and Mesomorphic Phase Behavior of Laterally Substituted Novel Azoesters

A novel homologous series of 4(4′-n-alkoxy benzoyloxy)phenylazo 2′′-chloro-3′′-methyl benzenes was synthesized and studied for mesophase behavior dependence on molecular structure. The nematogenic mesophase is exhibited from the first to the last member and the smectogenic mesophase from the hexyloxy to the tetradecyloxy member of the series. The nematic mesophase is of a threaded or Schlieren type, and the smectic mesophase is of a focal conic fan of the type A or C. Mesomorphic properties of the present novel homologous series are compared with other structurally similar homologous series.     

Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of New T- Shaped Dimesogens

Abstract

Several new T- shaped liquid crystalline dimesogenic compounds were synthesized and their LC properties were characterized. These T-shaped dimesogens consist of substituted fluorene and substituted biphenyl units connected by flexible spacer units of varying lengths. The compounds were characterized for their liquid crystallinity by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscopy. All the compounds were found to exhibit enantiotropic nematic phase.     

Mesomorphic and Photoconducting Behavior of 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-alkoxybenzylideneamino)-9-methylcarbazoles

The mesomorphic properties of 2-(2-hydroxy-4-alkoxybenzylideneamino)-9-methyl-carbazoles were investigated and the photoconducting behavior of the crystalline, nematic and isotropic liquid phases were compared for the pentyloxy compound. It was found that the behavior in the nematic phase is comparable with that in the isotropic liquid phase, both being fluid, rather than that in the crystalline phase. The carrier transport mechanisms and the carrier species are implied to be ionic. The current-voltage characteristics showed a new behavior in the fluid states, being similar to that of the negative resistance.     

Mesomorphic Properties of Some Sitosteryl Esters

The mesomorphic properties of some esters formed by aromatic acids with β-sitosterol are reported. It is shown that para-substituted benzoates are compounds exhibiting enantiotropic cholesteric and some smectic mesophases. Connections between the clearing points of sitosteryl esters and their homologous cholesteryl derivatives are discussed.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Mesomorphic Properties of New Rod-like Thiophene Based Liquid Crystals

Two new mesogenic homologous series of Schiff base esters, 2-[4-(4′-n-Alkoxy benzoyloxy) benzylidenamino] 3-cyno thiophine (Series-A) and Schiff base cinnamates, 2-[4-(4′-n-alkoxy cinnamoyloxy) benzylidenamino] 3-cyano thiophene (Series-B), comprising a thiophene moiety were synthesized. Structural elucidation was carried out using elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The mesomorphic properties and thermal stabilities of the title compounds were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarizing microscopy. All the derivatives are mesomorphic in nature showing the nematic phase, and the higher members of Series-A show a smectic C phase whereas Series-B exhibits only the nematic mesophase. The mesomorphic properties of the present series are compared with other structurally related compounds.     

Mesomorphic study of novel chalconyl-ester-based nonisomeric series: Synthesis and characterization

Liquid-crystalline elastomers (LCEs) possess large and equilibrium reversible anisotropic dimensional change in response to applied stimuli. The deformation behavior demonstrated by current LCE materials under the stimuli are generally determined by their own geometries and the alignment distributions of liquid crystal (LC) units in the LCE matrices. Here we report a LCE whose synthesis was through a two-stage crosslinking coupled with a mechanical reshaping process, where the shape was mechanically reset before the final crosslinking. It demonstrated reversible memory and change between the initial geometries formed during the first crosslinking stage and any reshaped geometries under the stimuli. Its deformation is not influenced by the geometries and the alignment distributions of LC units in the LCE matrix. This characteristic in LCEs holds promise in a wide range of application researches requiring sophisticated functions and smart structures.     

共沉淀法制备多铁性体BiMn2O5及其性能表征

采用共沉淀法合成制备了多铁性体BiMn2O5,对其进行了物相分析和形貌表征,表征分析了它的磁学和电学性能,并系统描述了BiMn2O5的磁结构.实验表明:在pH=ll的共沉淀条件下制备的前驱体微粉,经800℃焙烧后可得到纯相的BiMn2O5粉体,其颗粒分布均匀、形貌完整且粒径在100 nm左右.文章测量得到BiMn2O5在室温下1 MHz时介电常数εr=41.6和介电损耗tarδ=0.336,并通过SQUID检测其磁相转变温度为42 K(TN =39～42K),得出有效磁矩μeff=6.72μB,在5K时测得BiMn2O5的磁滞回线,显示其矫顽力高达6000 Oe,与之前研究相比有很大提升.     

Mesomorphic properties of liquid crystalline compounds with chalconyl central linkage in two phenyl rings

In order to investigate the influence of the central linking group and the effect of flexibility on mesomorphism, we have synthesised a newly homologous series 3-(3-butoxyphenyl)-1-(4-n-alkoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (series-l) consisting of 13 homologues C₁–C₈, C₁₀, C₁₂, C₁₄, C₁₆ and C₁₈. In the present series, mesophase commences from the C₆ homologue. C₁–C₅ homologues did not exhibit liquid crystalline (LC) property, while C₆–C₁₂ homologues exhibited an enantiotropic nematic phase and the rest of the homologues C₁₄–C₁₈ displayed monotropic SmC and nematic mesophase. The transition temperatures of the synthesised compounds were determined by an optical polarising microscopy equipped with a heating stage. All newly synthesised compounds were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, IR and elemental analysis.     

Syntheses and Mesomorphic Properties of New Liquid Crystalline Materials Involving Piperazine Skeleton

Some mesogenic materials involving a piperazine skeleton were prepared and the thermal properties were examined by DSC and microscopic analyses. Although the piperazines have a thermal flexibility similar to cyclohexyl ring, a lateral interaction due to lone pair electrons of nitrogens largely enhances the thermal stability of the mesophase. The piperazine compounds tend to preserve a smectic arrangement.     

不同钙源种类对CaTi2O5粒子的光催化性能影响

采用溶剂热法制备了CaTi2O5微纳结构.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积分析仪(BET)对样品进行了表征,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计分析样品对光的吸收特性,研究不同钙源种类对CaTi2O5样品的物相、微观形貌及光催化性能的影响.结果表明:CaTi2O5样品更有利于降解甲基橙溶液.钙源为CaCl2所制备的CaTi2O5样品的结晶度高、颗粒大小均匀,具有低的反射率和高的吸收率,高的比表面积(112.34 m2·g-1),因此样品呈现出较高的光催化性能.     

Mesogenic Properties of 5-Cyanotropolone and 2-Amino-5-Cyanotropone Derivatives

Abstract

New 5-cyanotroponoid liquid crystals with a 3,4-dialkoxybenzoyloxy and a 3,4-dialkoxybenzoylamino substituent at the C-2 position were prepared. These derivatives exhibited interdigitated bilayer smectic A phases while the corresponding benzenoids were non-mesogenic. Thermal stabilities of these troponoids were lower than those of 2-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-5-cyanotropones and 2-(4-alkoxybenzoylamino)-5-cyanotropones.     

具有倍频效应的硼酸盐Pb2 [B5O9]Br化合物的合成、晶体生长及其性质研究

利用高温固相反应法合成出Pb2 [B5O9]Br硼酸盐粉末.采用PbO-NaF做复合助熔剂,利用顶部籽晶法获得了3 mm ×3 mm ×1.5 mm的透明单晶,X射线粉末衍射数据显示,该晶体属正交晶系,Pnn2空间群,晶胞参数为a=1.1524(1) nm, b=1.1431(1) nm, c=0.65399(3) nm. 红外光谱测量证实晶体结构中含有BO3-3和BO5-4基团.反射光谱表明Pb2 [B5O9]Br的紫外吸收边在250 nm左右.Pb2 [B5O9]Br粉末倍频效应(SHG)测试表明该化合物具有非线性光学效应,信号强度约等同于β-BaB2O4.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

Al2TiO5/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的晶粒异向生长

通过机械激活法制备了Al2TiO5/Al2O3(nAl2TiO5: nAl2O3=1: 4)的陶瓷复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)分析了不同的温度制度下Al2TiO5/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的晶粒生长特性.X射线衍射谱图(XRD)显示烧结样品的主晶相为α-Al2O3和Al2TiO5.SEM和EDS分析显示,较低温度下烧结(1350 ℃)时Al2TiO5晶粒为等轴状.当温度升高到1450 ℃时,Al2TiO5开始异向长大,形成棒状晶粒.随着温度的升高(1500 ℃),棒状Al2TiO5的长径比继续增加.而Al2O3则始终为片状和等轴晶粒,且异向生长的Al2TiO5晶粒填充于Al2O3三角晶界处.研究表明,烧结温度的升高会促进晶体异向生长并增加其体积分数.Al2TiO5会阻碍Al2O3基体颗粒进一步生长,所以当Al2TiO5颗粒平均尺寸随着烧结温度增加而增大,Al2O3基体晶粒生长几乎停滞.     

钛精矿湿化学法合成Fe2TiO5/TiO2复合纳米粉体

以攀枝花钛精矿作为初始原料,采用湿化学法制备铁钛氧化物纳米粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM/EDS)、BET氮气吸附法、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对合成的粉体进行表征,测试结果表明:合成了相组成为85.72 ;质量分数 Fe2TiO5和14.28 ;质量分数 TiO2(金红石)复合纳米晶粉体,平均晶粒尺寸为38 nm;近似球形的粉体颗粒及其聚集体,比表面积为16.80 m2/g;粉体在波长250～600 nm范围内均有较强的光吸收,由Fe2TiO5电子跃迁形成的起始吸收边为593 nm,相应的能带宽度为2.09 eV.     

Synthesis and Mesomorphic Characteristics of Fluoroaniline Derivatives with Different Lateral Groups

Two new homologous series of liquid crystals viz. 4-(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-2-chlorophenylazo-4”-fluorobenzenes(I) and 4-(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-2-methylphenyl azo-4”-fluorobenzenes(II) with terminal fluoro, lateral chloro(I) and methyl(II) group and central ester and azo linkages are synthesized and their mesomorphic properties are studied. Both the series are similar in molecular structure with the difference in their lateral substitutions; series I has chloro group and series II has methyl group as laterally substituted groups. All the twelve homologues of each of the series are mesogenic in nature. Series I shows nematic mesophase from the first C₁ to the last C₁₆ derivative synthesized; smectic mesophase is exhibited by last two viz. C₁₄ and C₁₆ derivative, where as all the members from C₁ to C₁₆ of series II only show nematic mesophase. The nematic mesophase shows marble texture and the smectic mesophase shows Schlirene texture of the Smectic C variety. Both the series are compared with structurally related series.     

Synthesis and Mesomorphic Behavior of Calamitic Liquid Crystals with a Biphenyl Moiety

A new mesogenic homologous series having a biphenyl moiety has been synthesized by condensing 4-hydroxy-4′-nitrobiphenyl- and methoxy-substituted 4-n-alkoxy cinnamoyl chlorides, and their liquid crystalline properties have been studied. All the members of the series are enantiotropic liquid crystals. The methyl to n-pentyl derivatives exhibit both Smectic A (SmA) and Nematic (N) phases; the higher members, starting with the n-hexyl derivative show only a SmA phase. The plot of transition temperatures versus number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy chain exhibits zig-zag pattern for Sm-N and N-Isotropic (Iso) transition temperature curves. The average thermal stability is compared with other related homologous series. The introduction of polar nitro group increases significant intermolecular force of attraction which stabilizes the molecular orientation. This results into the increase in the thermal stability of the system.     

V2O5/g-C3N4复合物的制备及可见光催化性能研究

以偏钒酸铵和尿素混合物为前驱体,混合煅烧制备了V2O5/g-C3N4复合物催化剂.用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis)、比表面积测试(BET)、光致发光谱(PL)等对其结构进行了表征.结果表明复合物中存在V2O5和g-C3N4形成异质结构,其禁带宽度减小、吸收带边红移,光催化效率有显著提高.以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标化合物,评价了样品的光催化活性,当前躯体中尿素与NH4VO3质量比为10∶1,煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧时间为0.5h,催化剂活性最高.在60W日光灯照射40 min,对亚甲基蓝得降解率达到97.52;.     

Ce3+∶GdLu2Al5O12/Al2O3共晶微结构及其发光性能

稀土共晶闪烁体是通过定向凝固晶体生长技术,将具有不同折射率的两相制备成具有射线探测功能的共晶材料,其中含有激活离子的闪烁体相的折射率高于基质相。在高能射线辐照下,闪烁体相将入射高能射线转换成荧光,然后,荧光在闪烁体相和基底相的界面以全反射的形式实现定向输出,从而有效提高辐射探测成像的空间分辨率。本工作采用微下降法成功生长得到φ3 mm×117.0 mm 的1.0%(原子数分数)Ce∶GdLu₂Al₅O₁₂/Al₂O₃闪烁共晶样品。通过切割抛光加工得到φ3 mm×2.0 mm的共晶薄片,并将该共晶薄片进行微观结构、能谱分析和荧光性能等表征和测试,结果表明所得到的共晶样品由Ce∶GdLuAG和Al₂O₃两晶相构成,微观结构呈现出“中国结”结构,并在生长方向呈现出一定的有序排列。荧光光谱测试表明该共晶材料存在Gd³⁺-Ce³⁺间的能量传递,具有典型的Ce³⁺辐射跃迁,其中双宽峰发射峰最强位于560 nm。此外,根据生长速率对共晶样品发射峰强、峰位以及荧光寿命影响,优化出最佳下拉生长速率为4.0 mm/min。