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过渡金属轻元素化合物(TMLEs)由于具备高硬度,高熔点,优异电学、磁学、超导等性质受到广泛关注,是一类 具有优异力学性能的功能性材料。优异力学性能与功能性的结合使TMLEs成为极端环境下使用的特种材料。然而, TMLEs的制备往往需要高温高压(HPHT)极端实验条件来克服能垒。目前,已经有了大量HPHT制备TMLEs的报道, 然而,多数只关注产物的性质,对在HPHT下TMLEs的生长机制报道较少。因此,总结HPHT制备的TMLEs,分析TMLEs的晶体生长过程,对理解TMLEs的晶体生长机理、探究新型 TMLEs的制备具有重要意义。结合本课题组研究 经验及其他相关文献,总结了HPHT方法制备的过渡金属硼化物(TMBs)、碳化物(TMCs)和氮化物(TMNs)的晶体生 长情况,分别从起始原料、温压条件、晶体形貌等方面分析了TMLEs的生长机制。总结如下:通过原料配比和温度控 制是制备TMBs单一相的关键,提出硼亚结构单元是使TMBs形成台阶式生长模式的本质因素,碳源和氮源的选择决 定了 TMCs和TMNs的生长机制。同时提出,缺少利用HPHT制备TMLEs毫米级单晶的报道,限制了TMLEs部分本 征的性质探究;并且,新型高轻元素含量的TMLEs结构依然有待开发。随着人类对材料的要求越来越苛刻,以及TMLEs的不断发展,TMLEs将在未来特种材料领域具有不可替代的地位。 相似文献
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基于密度泛函理论,采用广义梯度近似法,研究了黄铜矿结构AgAlSe2在高压下的晶体结构、晶格动力学稳定性与电子结构.结果显示:在0 GPa时AgAlSe2的晶格参数与实验值吻合,在13.9 GPa附近,质量密度、Se-Ag键长、Se-Al键长、晶格常数a突然增大,相对晶胞体积V/V0、晶格常数c突然减小,声子谱出现虚频,结构变得不稳定,带隙发生突变,数值呈减小趋势.表明AgAlSe2晶体在13.9 GPa附近发生结构相变.该研究为AgAlSe2晶体在理论上所能承受的高压提供信息支撑. 相似文献
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利用第一性原理的GGA+U方法对TiO2的金红石相(P42/mnm)、铌铁矿相(Pbcn)和Pca21相(Pca21)进行了计算.首先,优化了这几个相的晶体结构及相关参数,分析了焓曲线图,发现在减压至8.4 GPa时,Pca21相直接相变为铌铁矿相.其次,通过拟合分析了三阶Birch-Murnaghan状态方程得到Pca21相的体弹模量B0与类萤石结构实验值(202 GPa)非常符合.最后,通过讨论Pca21相的相变压强和体弹模量,进一步证明Pca21相结构更符合类萤石实验结果. 相似文献
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为研究Li3N-hBN体系中cBN单晶的转变机理,本文采用基于密度泛函理论的赝势平面波方法和广义梯度近似法(GGA)系统计算了高温高压条件下hBN和cBN的低指数晶面的晶面能,分析了hBN和cBN各晶面之间的能量关系.结果表明:在1800K,5.5 GPa和2000 K,6.0 GPa下,hBN的(1010)晶面与cBN的(100)晶面的相对晶面能差分别为0.7;和1.2;,两组晶面的晶面能连续,即微观上电子密度连续.根据改进后的密度泛函理论(TFDC)可知,hBN能够向cBN直接转变.因此推断:在Li3N-hBN体系中,以Li3N为触媒,cBN单晶是由hBN直接转变而来. 相似文献
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K. Avramova 《Crystal Research and Technology》2002,37(5):491-500
Kinetics of phase transition is studied for the more general case when the size of the system is assumed time dependent. In the three dimensional case typical examples in this respect could be connected with the solution of cosmological problems. In the two dimensional case could be the spreading and crystallization of undercooled water on oil or the experiments concerning phase transition in monolayers in a Lengmuir balance. The time dependence of the degree of overall transformation α(t) is formulated in a generalized form corresponding to above assumption. Explicit solutions are given for a constant rate of expanding (or shrinking) and for a constant acceleration of the size change of the system under the assumption that both nucleation rate I and linear growth rate G are constants. It is demonstrated that the process of phase transition proceeds much faster in a shrinking systems and is impeded in expanding ones. The reason for this effect is that parts of the new phase, formed in the initial parts of the system, are transferred into the diminishing volume (or surface). Thus the concentration of the new phase is mechanically increased. 相似文献
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采用添加PbO的TGG方法定向生长PMNT多晶体,研究了素坯成型压力对PMNT多晶体取向生长的影响规律.结果表明,成型压力直接影响PMNT多晶体的取向生长速度和取向程度.随着成型压力逐渐增大,PMNT多晶体的取向生长速度呈先增加后减小的趋势.低于临界成型压力(在本文实验条件下,临界成型压力为600MPa)时,随成型压力增大,PMNT多晶体的取向生长速度越来越快;高于临界成型压力时,随成型压力增大,PMNT多晶体的取向生长速度越来越慢,但是多晶体的取向程度却越来越好. 相似文献
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M. Rathna Kumari P. Suresh Kumar C. Subramanian 《Crystal Research and Technology》2002,37(11):1172-1179
Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the nucleation kinetics of orthorhombic YBCO from tetragonal phase has been studied using classical nucleation theory. The free energy of formation of orthorhombic YBCO has been evaluated as a function of oxygen partial pressure. 相似文献
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以氢气和四甲基硅烷作为先驱气体,采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法,不同沉积压力条件下、在YG6硬质合金表面制备了的SiC涂层.利用SEM、EDS、XRD、划痕测试法对SiC涂层的表面形貌、相组成和附着力进行了分析.实验结果表明,在较低的压力下,SiC涂层为胞状的纳米团聚物,且胞团的尺度随压力的升高而变小;随着压力的升高,胞状SiC开始并最终全部转变为片层状SiC,并在此过程中伴随着颗粒状Co2Si的形成与长大;随着压力的继续升高,片层状SiC开始转变为须状SiC.胞状SiC向片层状SiC的转变会使涂层致密度提高,而涂层对硬质合金衬底的附着力也会随之增强;Co催化作用的上升引起的片层状SiC向须状SiC的转变会导致SiC涂层的附着力明显降低.以具有片层状特征的SiC作为过渡层,可在未经去Co酸蚀预处理的硬质合金衬底上制备出具有较好附着力的金刚石涂层. 相似文献
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K. Fukao T. Horiuchi S. Taki K. Matsushige 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2013,570(2):405-416
The temperatures of the phase transition between orthorhombic and hexagonal structures of the urea adducts with n-paraffins, n-CnH2n+2 (n = 14–44), have been measured by differential thermal analysis for the pressure range up to 250MPa. The transition temperatures increase both with pressure and with the number of carbon atoms of the guest paraffins. The increasing rate of the transition temperatures with pressure is about half of that of pure paraffin crystals. The pressure dependences of the lattice constants have also been measured by X-ray diffraction. The specific volume changes discontinuously at the transition pressure; the result suggests that the phase transition of the urea adducts with n-paraffins is a first-order one. Furthermore, the specific volume change at the transition pressure decreases with the number of carbon atoms of the guest paraffins; 3.4 × 10-6 m3/Kg for n = 16 and 2.1 × 10-6 m3/Kg for n = 44. 相似文献
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氧分压对化学气相沉积法合成ZnO纳米结构形貌的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文利用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在镀有Au(10 nm)膜的单晶Si(100)上制备了ZnO薄膜,并研究了不同的氧分压对ZnO形貌的影响.借助扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的形貌、结晶质量和晶体生长取向进行了表征.结果表明:当O2分压较小的时候,O2只能与Zn团簇的某些界面发生反应并逐渐结晶生成层状的ZnO微米团簇.当 O2分压较大的时候,ZnO通过二次生长形成由微米柱阵列和表面无序纳米线构成的分层复合结构,并且表面纳米线的密度随着氧分压的增加而增加.高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和选取电子衍射(SAED)分析表明,单根纳米线是沿[001]方向生长的ZnO单晶. 相似文献
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K. Murata H. Anzai K. Kajimura T. Ishiguro G. Saito 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2013,570(1):639-644
Abstract Superconducting transition of (TMTSF)2ClO4 was studied by conductivity measurements along the most conductive a-axis in magnetic fields applied along three different principal crystallographic axes. The GL coherence lengths at OK along the a-, b-, and c*-axes, ?a(0)≈ 600A, ?(0) ≈ 540A, and ?c*(0) ≈ 60A were obtained from the measurements of the temperature dependence of the upper critical field HC2 near the transition temperature. The anisotropy is discussed in terms of the dimensionality arising from the crystal structure and of the conductivity anisotropy in the normal state. 相似文献
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在不同溅射压强下,通过射频(RF)磁控溅射在石英玻璃衬底上沉积得到W掺杂ZnO薄膜(WZO).对样品的结晶性能,表面形貌和光学性能进行测试分析,结果表明:在适当溅射压强下,薄膜具有良好的结晶性和光学性能.随着溅射压强的增加,薄膜的结晶性先变好后变差,晶粒尺寸先增大后减小,在1.0 Pa时薄膜的结晶性最好,且晶粒尺寸最大,约为32 nm;所有WZO薄膜样品的平均透光率超过80;;光致发光主要由本征发光和缺陷引起的蓝光发光组成,在1.0Pa时薄膜还有明显的Zn;缺陷,在1.2Pa时薄膜有明显的Oi缺陷. 相似文献
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基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论对NO2分子吸附在4d过渡金属掺杂的石墨烯体系进行了研究.发现Cd原子价电子构型为4d105s2,形成饱和结构,不容易掺入石墨烯体系.调查了三种NO2分子的吸附情况,分别是N原子、一个O原子、两个O原子靠近石墨烯体系吸附点.通过能量优化获得最稳定的吸附构型.通过吸附能、电荷转移等数据研究了各吸附构型对NO2的吸附情况.纯的石墨烯体系对NO2分子的吸附较弱,吸附能小于0.2 eV,而4d掺杂可以明显提高吸附体系的吸附性能,多数吸附能超过了2 eV.其中掺Nb原子对NO2吸附效果最好,且吸附构型较稳定,吸附能为3.686 eV.此外,通过比较吸附前后带隙的变化,可发现掺Zr原子,石墨烯体系由半导体转变为金属,而掺Nb原子,石墨烯体系由金属转变为半导体. 相似文献
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Recently, ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) doped with nanoparticles have attracted a wide interest not only from a scientific but also from a practical point of view and there is continuously growing interest in the effects caused by doping the ferroelectric nanoparticles. Furthermore, the presence of external fields exhibits a very interesting transition, reported by recent experiments. In this work, we investigate the response of a surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) doped with ferroelectric nanoparticles to an applied electric field. We assume that the smectic layers consist of uniform planes with a fixed orientation and the system is free from dislocation of constant layer thickness due to nanoparticles. We obtain the threshold field of orientational transition and the maximum deviation of the polarization vectors for a pure and a doped SSFLC medium. Then, we discuss the Fredericks transtion of the system and formation of inhomogeneous texture. It is found that the ferroelectric nanoparticles have significant influences in ordering behavior of a SSFLC medium and the threshold fields are critically changed by doping nanoparticles in the SSFLC, which is fundamental to operation of many liquid crystal devices. 相似文献
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水热法制备BiFeO_3粉体的相变研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
本文以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O 和Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O为反应原料,以KOH为矿化剂, 利用水热方法在矿化剂浓度4.5 mol/L至12.0 mol/L区域内制备出钙钛矿结构的BiFeO_3粉体材料.经过XRD慢扫(扫描速率为0.008°/s)及peakfit软件模拟分析得知,在KOH浓度由4.5~12.0 mol/L转变的过程中,产物的物相由三方相BiFeO_3向六方相BiFeO_3的转变.同时BiFeO_3铁电性能研究也证实了以上相变的存在. 相似文献