Fractionally Charged Excitations in Quasi-One-Dimensional Systems

Recent theoretical studies have shown that in quasi-one-dimensional conductors having a Peierls distortion of commensurability index n (ratio of the distortion period to lattice specing), there exist excitations whose charge is Q = ω 2e/n or ω 2e/n ± e. These excitations are kinxs in the order parameter ψ describing the lattice distortion. In trans polyacetylene, n = 2 and Q = O, ± e with spin S = 1/2, O respectively. For n = 3 (e.g. TTF-TCNQ at 19Kb) Q = ± 2/3 e, ± 1/3 e, ω 4/3 e with spin S = O, 1/2, O respectively. Electronic states localized at the kink have energies in the Peierls gaps. Properties of these stable fractionally chareged objects are discussed.     

铁、钴掺杂氧化锌纳米材料及其红外吸波性能研究

以氢氧化钠、氯化锌、氯化铁及氯化钴为原料,采用水热法制备了Fe、Co掺杂的片状氧化锌材料,并采用XRD、SEM、EDS、FT-IR等手段对它们的理化性质进行了表征分析.结果表明,该氧化锌片具有纳米级的空间尺度(其厚度约为10～20 nm).掺杂铁和钴的纳米氧化锌的红外光谱在3500 cm-1和1600 cm-1处的吸收峰发生红移,在430 cm-1与500 cm-1处的峰形和位置出现了明显的宽化现象,同时掺杂钴的材料在670cm-1和1040 cm-1左右处出现了新的吸收峰,表现出良好的红外吸波特性.     

Localized valence states in the forbidden gap of non-crystalline tetracene

Employing the thermally stimulated current technique the existence of three distinct gaussian trap distributions in vapor-deposited tetracene layers has been established. In layers formed at T_f ? 130 K the valence band is split into a distribution of localized states, the width being σ ? 0.06 eV, and the density N_t equal to the molecular density. Upon increasing T_f from 130 to 180 K, both N_t and σ decrease, indicating a decrease of structural disorder. For $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>f</mtext>}}\text{? 180}\text{K}$ the center of the trap distribution is at E₀ = 0.07 eV above the valence band. At T_f = 180 K an optimum quasi amorphous structure is formed which still lacks long-range order, but in which short-range order is present to a degree that in local regions a narrow valence band can be established. Trap distributions centered near 0.4 and 0.7 eV with a width of 0.07 and 0.1 eV, respectively, and containing about 10¹⁵ states/cm^?3, are almost independent of film formation condition, and are probably also of structural origin.     

Isotope Effects in Liquid Crystal Systems: I: Phase Relationships in the Dodecylamine-H2O,Dodecylamine-D2O Systems

The phase diagrams and heats of fusion and transition have been determined for the dodecyl amine (-NH₂)/H₂O and dodecyl amine (-ND₂)/D₂O systems using direct optical observation and differential scanning calorimetry.     

Microhardness Anisotropy and Slip Systems in Biphenyl

The results of a study of the variation of hardness with load on the (001), (010), and (100) surfaces of biphenyl using the microindentation technique are presented. The microhardness anisotropy due to plastic deformation is explained in terms of the possible slip systems in biphenyl.     

Aklyl Chain Order Parameters and Phase Diagrams for Systems Containing Sodium n-Octanoate,Water, and Different Alcohols

Lamellar liquid crystalline phases containing sodium n-octanoate, water, and an alcohol have been studied by means of ²H NMR. Order parameters have been determined for the octanoate alkyl chain in systems containing ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, benzyl alcohol or 1, 8-octandiol. The straight chain alcohols yield decreasing octanoate order parameters with decreasing chain length. With 1, 8-octandiol the octanoate order parameters are somewhat smaller than with 1-propanol, indicating quite flexible octanoate hydrocarbon chains. Using mono-deuteriated benzyl alcohol. C₆H₅CHDOH, the S_CD as well as the S_HD (= S_HH ) order parameters were determined in the same measurement. A typical measurement yields |S _HD|-|S_CD | = 0.04 ± 0.04, where the error estimation includes the uncertainties in the quadrupole and the magnetic dipole-dipole coupling constants. It is stressed that in order to ascertain a significant difference between S_HH and S_CD , it is necessary to know the coupling constants with high accuracy. The phase diagram for the system sodium n-octanoate/water/benzyl alcohol was determined, mainly by ²H and ²³Na NMR.     

Self-Assembly and Phase Behavior of Short Chain Phosphonic Acid-Water Systems in a Wide Concentration Range Microscopic,NMR, and X-ray Diffraction Studies

The phase behavior of n-octane and n-hexane phosphonic acid-D₂O systems was studied in the concentration range from 0.1 to 90 wt.% and in a temperature range from 10° to 130°C by polarizing and dark field microscopy and by ¹H, ²D and, ³¹P NMR. Further, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and surface tension measurements were performed. For the first time, a widely spaced lamellar phase was observed over large concentration and temperature ranges in an essentially two-component system. By using the sonication or injection methods, unilamellar liposomes were obtained below 1 wt.%. At high temperatures, the clouding phenomenon was observed. The importance of hydrogen bond formation between polar groups for building up stable lamellae even at high dilution is stressed. The results are discussed with respect to some existing points of view concerning the possibility of lamellar structure formation from single short chain amphiphilic compounds including lipids.     

一维固-液型随机失谐声子晶体中波的传播

本文研究了声波在一维固-液型随机失谐声子晶体中的传播,引进局部化因子的概念研究了结构的带隙特性和局部化特征.给出了局部化因子的计算表达式并用传递矩阵法进行了计算,考查了平面波以任意角度入射的情形.结果表明:失谐度对高频区的频带结构有较大的影响,固-液型声子晶体与固-固型声子晶体的频带结构有很大差别.     

Lattice Parameter Local Determination for Trigonal,Hexagonal, and Tetragonal Crystal Systems Using Several Coplanar X-Ray Reflections

The method for determining the local lattice parameters using quasi-multiple X-ray diffraction (which was proposed and used only for crystals of the cubic system) has been expanded to measure the local crystal lattice parameters for the trigonal, hexagonal, and tetragonal systems. Local variations in the lattice parameters in the tetragonal paratellurite (TeO₂) and trigonal lanthanum-gallium tantalate (La₃Ga_5.5Ta_0.5O₁₄) crystals have been investigated. Reflections necessary for implementing the quasi-multiple X-ray diffraction scheme are found for these crystals. The pairs of reflections that were found were used to complete quasi-multiple X-ray diffraction schemes on a laboratory X-ray source and determine the variation in the lattice parameter a along the surface of these crystals. The relative measurement error was 4 x 10^-6 at a spatial resolution of 140 μm. The accuracy of the method and the parameters determining this characteristic were analyzed based on the results. The locality of the method and the limits of the spatial resolution of an X-ray diffraction measurement of lattice parameters are estimated.     

Elastic Anomalies at Charge Density Wave Transitions in TaS3 and NbSe3

Abstract

The temperature dependence of the Young's modulus and internal friction of TaS₃ (orthorhombic) and NbSe₃ have been measured by the vibrating reed technique. There is a large minimum 2%, in the modulus of TaS₃ at the commensurate Peierls distortion (T_c = 222K) and the internal friction increases below T_c(ΔQ^?1 = 5×10^?5), although no critical relaxation effects are observed. On the other hand, a very small minimum, ΔE/E ~ 0.06%, is observed at the upper incommensurate transition in NbSe₃, and a small broad increase (0.03%) at the lower transition. The measurements allow estimates to be made of the stress dependence of the transition temperature and of the electron-phonon coupling constant.     

各向异性圆柱光子晶体中光波的量子效应和带隙

利用光波在一维各向异性圆柱光子晶体中径向受限的条件,研究了光波在其中出现的模式量子效应,并利用特征矩阵法计算了TE波和TM波各模式的禁带随模式量子数、传播方向以及圆柱半径的变化规律.得出了一些一维各向异性圆柱光子晶体带隙的新结构.研究表明:此结构禁带的频率中心和透射角都随模式量子数的增加而增大.同一模式禁带的频率中心随圆柱半径的增加而减小.     

固-固结构声子晶体中弹性波的禁带及其转型

引入四维波矢的概念,推导出弹性波斜入射固-固结构声子晶体的转移矩阵以及透射系数公式.利用这些公式计算了纵波和横波斜入射固-固结构声子晶体时纵波和横波的透射系数.结果表明:当纵波斜入射时,在透射波中纵波会出现禁带,并且也出现了纵波向横波的转型,随着入射角的增大转型越明显.当横波斜入射时也会出现类似于纵波斜入射时的现象.这些公式成功地解决了弹性波斜入射固-固结构声子晶体的传输问题和转型问题.     

SEM,Chemical Etching and THz Wave Generation of 4-Dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium Tosylate (DAST) Single Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) crystal which was candidate for generating and detecting terahertz (THz) wave was grown by slope nucleation...     

固-液声子晶体中纵波缺陷模的相干叠加方法

利用波的相干叠加原理推导出一维固-液掺杂声子晶体中纵波缺陷模的透射率公式和频率公式,即建立了纵波缺陷模的相干叠加方法.将纵波缺陷模的相干叠加方法与转移矩阵法和共振理论进行了比较研究,结果表明相干叠加方法和转移矩阵法计算出的缺陷模频率随杂质厚度的变化特征是一致的,相干叠加方法和共振理论推导出的缺陷模频率公式是一致的.     

Role of Dimensionality in Dimerized Two-Band Systems

Abstract

We have studied the ground state properties of Pd(dmit)₂ salts using an effective dimer model. This model describes low-energy excitations of the two-band Hubbard model and is derived by a strong coupling expansion. Dimensionality of the Fermi surface, density-of-states singularity, and magnetic frustration in the dimer model are simultaneously controlled by substituting the cation.     

Theoretical Study of Structural,Electronic, Optical,and Elastic Properties of KLiX (X: S,Se, and Te) under Hydrostatic Pressure: A Pseudo Potential Plane Wave (PP-PW) Contribution

Crystallography Reports - We have studied structural, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of KLiX under pressure using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the Generalized Gradient...     

Thermodiffusion and Morphological Stability in Convectionless Crystal Growth Systems from Melts and Melt-Solutions

Crystal growth experiments of multicomponent systems under microgravity require an exact analysis of the diffusion phenomena in the nutrient fluid phase. The contribution of the Soret effect to the transport and distribution of matter in a convectionless casting arrangement for shaped crystal growth and in THM melt-solution zones have been investigated. Some semiconductor systems were analysed from experimental (Bi_1-xSb_x mixed crystals) and theoretical (PbTe, InP, GaAs, CdTe compounds) point of view. The criterion for constitutional supercooling was correspondingly modified. It has been distinguished between associated (AIV BVI, AII BVI) and dissociated (AIII–BV) melt-solutions, containing different species of diffusion (molecules or atoms, respectively).     

Di-Ab-An、Q-Lc体系非平衡结晶及枝晶结晶学方向测试研究

本文对两个典型的硅酸盐体系:Di(透辉石)-Ab(钠长石)-An(钙长石)体系和Q(石英)-Lc(白榴石)体中结晶物相系进行了枝状形貌、枝体结晶学方向测试及结晶能力方面的研究.通过偏光显微镜(PL)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现:透辉石、低鳞石英、α-方石英都发育为枝晶,而斜长石发育成放射状球粒晶和针状晶体.通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)测试确定出透辉石是沿<001>方向发育成枝晶的主干、低鳞石英是沿<100>和<010>方向发育成枝晶主干、α-方石英是沿两个<100>方向发育成枝晶的主干.并发现两个体系在相同降温速度下的结晶能力不同.     

Peculiarities of the B8-Solid Solution Formation in Ni(Sb,Sn) and Co(Sb,Sn) Systems Studied by Mossbauer Effect Method

Quadrupole splitting and effective characteristic temperatures of ¹¹⁹Sn in Ni(Sb,Sn) and Co(Sb,Sn) solid solutions with B8-type structure have been studied by Mossbauer Effect method. The electric field gradient at metalloid atoms was estimated in point charge model for different variants of local environment. On the basis of the comparison between experimental Quadruple Splitting values and estimated Electric Field Gradient ones it was concluded that MeII-Sn pairs occur more often than MeII-Sb when the amount of transition metal in ditrigonal-dibipyramidal positions is less than 0.10.