硫代硫酸铵预硫化的Mo/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫反应性能研究

研究了新型固体硫化剂硫代硫酸铵对加氢脱硫催化剂的预硫化。采用浸渍法将硫代硫酸铵负载在Mo/Al₂O₃模型催化剂上制备出预硫化的催化剂。通过X射线衍射、还原气氛的热重质谱联用和光电子能谱等表征手段研究了预硫化催化剂的物相、活化以及反应后催化剂的表面成分。结果表明,硫代硫酸铵中不同价态的硫在催化剂活化过程中起到不同作用,S^2-硫化活性金属,S⁶⁺修饰载体,减少载体与活性金属的相互作用,促进硫化。不同S/Mo摩尔比的预硫化催化剂经原位氢气活化用于噻吩加氢脱硫反应,S/Mo摩尔比为3的预硫化催化剂显示出最好的加氢脱硫活性,预硫化催化剂比Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂的脱硫活性提高17%。     

Effect of Mg/Al atom ratio of support on catalytic performance of Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst for water gas shift reaction

Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on mixed oxide supports MgO-Al2O3 with different Mg/Al atom ratios for water gas shift reaction were studied by means of TPR, Raman, XPS and ESR. It was found that the octahedral Mo species in oxidized Co-Mo/MgO(x)-Al2O3 catalyst and the contents of Mo5+, Mo4+, S2- and S2-2 species in the functioning catalysts increased with increasing the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support under the studied experimental conditions. This is favorable for the formation of the active Co-Mo-S phase of the catalysts. Catalytic performance testing results showed that the catalysts Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 with the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support in the range of 0.475-0.525 exhibited optimal catalytic activity for the reaction.     

Effect of Mg/Al atom ratio of support on catalytic performance of Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst for water gas shift reaction

Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on mixed oxide supports MgO-Al₂O₃ with different Mg/Al atom ratios for water gas shift reaction were studied by means of TPR, Raman, XPS and ESR. It was found that the octahedral Mo species in oxidized Co-Mo/MgO(x)-Al₂O₃ catalyst and the contents of Mo⁵⁺, Mo⁴⁺, S²⁻ and S²⁻₂ species in the functioning catalysts increased with increasing the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support under the studied experimental conditions. This is favorable for the formation of the active Co-Mo-S phase of the catalysts. Catalytic performance testing results showed that the catalysts Co-Mo/MgO-Al₂O₃ with the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support in the range of 0.475–0.525 exhibited optimal catalytic activity for the reaction.     

Co—Mo／Al2O3催化剂的微结构

B_(302Q)型Co-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂在制备过程中要经过一高温区,活性组分Co、Mo会与载体Al_2O_3发生反应,生成无活性的CoAl_2O_4,CoMoO_4和低活性的CO_9S_8。而活性相MoS_2晶化程度加快,使催化剂活性降低。不过B_(302Q)比C_(25-2-02)(美国),SKK(丹麦)及     

硫代硫酸铵预硫化的Mo/AC催化剂加氢脱硫性能的研究

采用等体积浸渍法将硫代硫酸铵(ATS)负载在Mo/AC催化剂上,制备了器外预硫化的Mo/AC-ATS催化剂;以噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)为探针反应,考察了活化温度和活化时间对预硫化催化剂加氢脱硫活性的影响。研究发现,300 ℃下活化0.5 h所得到的预硫化催化剂具有最好的加氢脱硫活性。与传统硫化剂CS₂和DMDS硫化的催化剂相比,采用Mo/AC-ATS催化剂,在最佳活化条件下,噻吩转化率分别提高了34%和42%。XPS、TPR-MS和TEM等表征结果显示,预硫化的Mo/AC-ATS催化剂中Mo⁴⁺含量较高,这是其具有较高加氢脱硫活性的主要原因。     

Catalytic activity of Ru/Fe2O3, obtained by adsorption of ruthenium on iron oxide supports

The effect of the method of a support preparation on its adsorption properties for ruthenium from solution and on the catalytic properties of Ru/Fe₂O₃ catalysts obtained by adsorption, has been studied. Moreover, the influence of the solvent in which a given ruthenium compound was dissolved on the properties of Ru/Fe₂O₃ catalysts was observed.     

Changes in the activity of Ru/Fe2O3 catalysts modified with alkali metal salts in the water-gas shift reaction

A study was undertaken to determine the activity of ruthenium catalysts, obtained by deposition of Ru₃(CO)₁₂ on products of iron oxide-hydroxide calcination modified with alkali metals, in the water-gas shift reaction. The activity depends on the kind of starting iron support, the ruthenium precursor and the amount of alkali metal salts. The most active were the catalysts obtained by deposition of Ru₃(CO)₁₂ on calcination products of σ-FeOOH, both modified and unmodified with alkali metal salts, and of α-FeOOH modified with alkali metal salts.     

不同的沉淀剂对铁酸铜催化剂水煤气变换活性和热稳定性的影响(英文)

以氢氧化钾、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备3种铁酸铜催化剂,并对其水煤气变换活性和热稳定性进行了评价。测试发现,以氢氧化钾为沉淀剂制得的催化剂表现出优异的水煤气变换活性。通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、N2物理吸附(N2-physisorption)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2-程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)和循环伏安法(CV)等技术手段研究了不同的沉淀剂对催化剂的微观结构和表面性质的影响。结果发现,氢氧化钾能有效促进CuFe2O4的生成、抑制CuO和CuFe2O4晶格的长大、促使CuO在催化剂表面的较好分散、增强催化剂的还原能力、增加弱碱性位点的数量。它们显著改善了催化剂的催化活性和热稳定性。     

Catalysts of alcohols' condensation tested in water-gas shift reaction

Catalytic activities of the system Sn-Ce-Rh-O and its oxide components SnO₂ and CeO₂ have been tested in the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The degree of conversion obtained in the presence of the system studied was similar to that obtained in the presence of low-activity iron oxides. The redox properties of the system studied, similarly as the redox properties of iron oxides, have been found responsible for their activity in WGSR. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

整体式Pd/La2O3-Al2O3和Pd/CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3催化剂上汽油车尾气净化性能的比较

采用共沉淀法制备了耐高温高比表面积的La2O3-Al2O3 (LA)材料和CeO2-ZrO2-Y2O3 (CZY)储氧材料,并用浸渍法制备了整体式Pd/LA和Pd/CZY汽油车尾气净化三效催化剂,考察了它们的三效催化性能和空燃比性能,并单独通过水煤气变换和CO氧化反应性能的考察,探讨了两种催化剂空燃比窗口扩大的原因.结果表明,Pd/CZY催化剂三效窗口明显较宽,且催化氧化CO的性能明显更优;对于CO+ NO反应,Pd/CZY催化剂的活性较高.当反应中逐步通入O2后,抑制了该反应的进行,但CO氧化的转化率升高,而NO转化率降低,直至CO+ NO反应完全被抑制,表明CO氧化反应对于抑制催化剂在NO     

沉淀剂对铜锰复合氧化物变换催化剂构效的影响

以CuSO4.5H2O和MnSO4.H2O为原料,KOH和NaOH为沉淀剂制备了铜锰复合氧化物,考察了其变换反应催化性能,利用XRD、低温氮气吸附法、TG、H2-TPR等对所合成样品进行了表征。以KOH和NaOH为沉淀剂所得沉淀终产物的物相组成和织构明显不同,分别为层状结构碱式硫酸铜Cu4SO4(OH)6.H2O及无定形锰氧化物和Cu2+1O和Mn3O4混合物。两种物相组成和织构完全不同的沉淀终产物焙烧后都生成Cu1.5Mn1.5O4固熔体,在变换反应条件下均转化为Cu和MnO,但其催化性能却有明显差异。以NaOH为沉淀剂,得到以Cu2+1O和Mn3O4复合体为主的沉淀终产物,焙烧及还原后保持了较高的织构稳定性,提高了样品的活性和热稳定性。而以KOH为沉淀剂得到以层状结构碱式硫酸铜Cu4SO4(OH)6.H2O和无定形锰氧化物为主的沉淀终产物,在焙烧过程发生的演变极其复杂,削弱了铜锰组分协同效应,造成其活性和热稳定性极差。研究结果表明,NaOH作沉淀剂所制备样品的织构稳定性、催化活性显著高于以KOH作沉淀剂所制备样品,且热稳定性良好。     

Promoter effect on the CO2-H2O formation during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on iron-based catalysts

The effects of Mg, La and Ca promoters on primary and secondary CO_2 and H_2O formation pathways during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on precipitated Fe/Cu/SiO_2 catalysts are investigated. The chemisorbed oxygen atoms in the primary pathway formed in the CO dissociation steps reacted with co-adsorbed hydrogen or carbon monoxide to produce H_2O and CO_2 , respectively. The secondary pathway was the water-gas shift reaction. The results indicated that the CO_2 production led to an increase in both primary and secondary pathways, and H_2 O production decreased when surface basicity of the catalyst increased in the order Ca >Mg >La.     

Effect of the calcination temperature on the properties of Fe2O3/SiO2 catalysts for oxidation of hydrogen sulfide

The effect of the calcination temperature on the properties of supported iron oxide catalysts for hydrogen sulfide oxidation prepared by impregnation of silica with iron(III) nitrate has been studied. An increase in the calcination temperature was found to diminish the catalytic activity of the Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ catalysts in hydrogen sulfide oxidation. This behavior can be explained by the agglomeration of iron oxide particles and by a decrease in the surface concentration of active sites. It has been shown that an increase in the calcination temperature makes the catalyst more stable towards the sulfidation of the active component (Fe₂O₃) to the iron disulfide phase.     

沉淀剂种类对水煤气变换Au/Fe2O3催化剂结构和催化性能的影响

 采用7种沉淀剂(K2CO3, Na2CO3, NH4OH, (NH4)2CO3, NaOH, KOH和尿素)通过共沉淀法制备了低温水煤气变换(WGS) Au/Fe2O3催化剂,考察了沉淀剂种类对其催化性能的影响. 通过N2吸附, X射线荧光光谱、 X射线衍射、 H2程序升温还原和CO程序升温脱附等表征手段,探讨了不同沉淀剂影响Au/Fe2O3催化剂WGS性能的原因. 结果表明,采用K2CO3和Na2CO3制备的催化剂样品在200 ℃以上具有较好的活性和稳定性,其中K2CO3是最佳沉淀剂. 而采用NH4OH和(NH4)2CO3制备的样品的催化活性相对较低,在200 ℃达到峰值. 由其它3种沉淀剂制备的样品的催化活性都较差, CO转化率最高只有35%. 沉淀剂种类不仅明显地影响金离子和铁离子的共沉淀,而且会明显地影响共沉淀物在后续焙烧过程中的结晶行为. 前者将影响金的负载量,后者则影响金粒子的分散度以及氧化铁载体的还原性质和对CO的吸脱附性能. Au/Fe2O3催化剂的低温高活性及其稳定性归因于高度分散的金粒子及其与易被还原的氧化铁载体间的协同作用. 催化剂中金负载量增大、金粒子分散度提高以及氧化铁晶粒减小均有利于其催化性能的提高.     

CoMoK／γ—Al2O3水煤气变换催化剂的硫化及反硫化

以Ｈ２Ｓ和ＣＳ２作硫化剂，用ＰＰＳ和ＴＰＤＳ方法研究了水煤气变换催化剂ＣｏＭｏＫ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的硫化及反硫化过程。用Ｈ２Ｓ／Ｈ２硫化时，只发现Ｈ２Ｓ的消耗和Ｈ２Ｏ的生成，用ＣＳ２／Ｈ２硫化时，只发现Ｈ２Ｓ的消耗和Ｈ２Ｏ的生成。用ＣＳ２／Ｈ２硫化时，首先生成ＣＯ２，然后是ＣＨ４，Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｈ２Ｓ，ＴＰＧ实验表明催化剂表面上积炭，造成催化剂和活性降低，但积炭在水煤变换反应进行了逐渐除法。ＴＰＤＳ实验表     

微乳法制备Au／Fe2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂 Ⅰ．制备参数对催化剂活性的影响

 分别在TritonX－100／正己醇／环己烷／水和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）／正己醇／水的W／O型微乳液体系中合成了Au／Fe2O3催化剂，考察了主要制备参数对催化剂水煤气变换活性的影响．结果表明，催化剂的焙烧温度、水与表面活性剂的质量比（rw）、表面活性剂浓度（W）、表面活性剂种类及催化剂活性组分金的负载量均对催化剂活性有显著的影响．催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为250℃，催化活性随着rw和W的增加而降低，由TritonX－100制得的催化剂的活性高于由CTAB制得的催化剂．当金负载量为3％，水煤气变换反应温度为200℃时，CO的转化率可达99．5％．     

Co—Mo／MgO—Al2O3水煤气耐硫变换催化剂失活的研究

利用Ｘ－射线衍射，扫描电镜，拉曼光谱，等离子发射光谱和比表面测定等方法研究了不同状态下失活及新鲜催化剂的结构，杂种类及含量。结果表明，超温使催化剂晶化明显，制备方法对催化剂结构有直接影响，再生使其强度降低，条形催化剂比较容易粉化，无机杂质是次要的失活原因。     

Three-dimensionally ordered macro-porous Pt/TiO2 catalyst used for water-gas shift reaction

Three-dimensionally ordered macro-porous (3DOM) Pt/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by template and impregna-tion methods, and the resultant samples were characterized by using TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TPR techniques. The catalytic performance for water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was tested, and the influences of some conditions, such as reduction temperature of catalysts, the amount of Pt loadings and space velocity on catalytic performance were investigated. It was shown that Pt particles were homogeneously dispersed on 3DOM TiO2. The reduction of TiO2 surface was important for the catalyticperformance. The activity test results showed that the 3DOM Pt/TiO2 catalysts exhibited very good catalytic performance for WGS reaction even at high space velocity, which was owing to the better mass transfer of 3DOM porous structure besides the high intrinsic activity of Pt/TiO2.     

载体焙烧温度对Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3变换催化剂性能的影响

通过X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、程序升温脱附、程序升温还原和电子顺磁共振方法研究了焙烧温度对MgO-Al2O3载体物化结构和Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3变换催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,在600～800 ℃范围内焙烧的复合氧化物以MgAl2O4-xMgO-yAl2O3无定形形式存在,载体表面存在较多的中强酸.碱位,相应的负载催化剂具有较高的水煤气变换活性.在氧化态催化剂中存在较多八面体结构的Mo物种,而硫化态催化剂中含有较多氧硫包围的Mo物种.这些钼物种与催化剂的活性紧密相关.