pH值对硫醇修饰的金纳米粒子聚集态的影响

制备了3 巯基丙酸修饰的金纳米颗粒,溶胶的pH值变化导致颗粒表面的电荷发生变化.随着pH值的降低,颗粒的聚集体增大,在pH值小于4时颗粒下沉.加碱增大溶胶的pH值,聚集的颗粒会重新分散.     

pH诱导两性离子配体修饰的金溶胶的浓缩与保存

研究了两性离子配体修饰的金纳米颗粒在酸性和碱性溶液中的稳定性和可逆聚集性. 测量了金溶胶在不同条件下的UV-Vis 吸收光谱, 通过光谱的变化揭示其稳定性和可逆聚集性. 结果表明: 经配体修饰的金纳米颗粒在酸性和碱性溶液中的稳定性有了很大的提高; 强酸性条件可诱导金溶胶失稳聚沉, 回调pH值又可使其重新分散. 利用这种pH依赖的可逆聚集特性, 可以将稀溶胶浓缩成浓溶胶或固体保存, 一旦需要又可加水恢复到分散的状态.     

聚甲基丙烯酸单层修饰金纳米粒子的制备及pH响应性催化

采用可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合制备了具有硫醇端基的聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯(PtBMA),通过其水解得到具有pH刺激响应的聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)。利用硫醇端基与金之间的强耦合作用获得了聚甲基丙烯酸单层修饰的金纳米粒子(PMAA-GNPs)催化体系。利用UV-Vis光谱和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了PMAA-GNPs催化剂在不同pH值下的分散状态。以NaBH4还原对硝基苯酚的反应,验证了此催化体系的pH响应性。结果表明,调节体系的pH值为酸性,PMAA塌缩和包覆在金纳米粒子(GNPs)的表面,引起GNPs的聚集,从而降低了催化效率。反之,在碱性环境中,在PMAA链的排斥作用下,GNPs能较好的分散,提高催化效率。     

聚甲基丙烯酸单层保护金纳米粒子的制备及pH响应性聚集

通过可逆断裂链转移加成聚合,制备了单分散的聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯,并一步水解获得了具有硫醇端基的聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA).在还原氯金酸为金纳米粒子的同时,利用硫醇端基与金纳米粒子(GNPs)的耦合作用,一步获得了聚甲基丙烯酸单层保护的金纳米粒子.通过紫外光谱和透射电镜表征证实,金纳米粒子为单分散的球型颗粒,在水溶液中具有长期稳定性.聚甲基丙烯酸单层保护的金纳米粒子的光学性质和聚集状态,具有明显的pH响应性.在酸性条件下,由于PMAA被质子化发生疏水性转变,聚合物链收缩聚集,促使金纳米粒子之间互相靠近并聚集,其表面等离子共振吸收峰发生红移.从酸性调节为碱性后,(PMAA-@-GNPs)能重新分散,吸收峰发生蓝移.在多次循环后,溶液的光学信号能可逆互变且变化不大.     

用葡萄糖制备纳米金及其与牛血清白蛋白偶联的研究

报道了一种纳米金合成的新方法。采用葡萄糖还原氯金酸,成功制备出平均粒径为15~35 nm,且高度分散的纳米金溶胶。分别讨论了制备过程中的主要影响因素,确定了用葡萄糖制备稳定的纳米金溶胶的最优条件为:pH=5.0,葡萄糖∶Au=35,反应温度100℃,pH值在加入葡萄糖后再予以调节。用这种方法制备的纳米金与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)进行偶联,确定偶联最小蛋白用量为5μg/mL,并在该最小用量的基础上成功制得了BSA-纳米金复合物。     

纳米金的绿色合成与CTAB对金纳米聚集体的解聚集作用

室温下利用鞣酸(TA)既作还原剂又作保护剂,通过绿色还原方法制备了鞣酸包裹的金纳米粒子,并通过紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)等分别进行了表征和分析。结果表明,随着nTA/nHAuCl4比率的增加,紫外可见光谱显示鞣酸稳定的金溶胶最大吸收波长明显增大且吸收带变宽,而最大吸光率逐渐减小。TEM观察证实增加鞣酸用量会导致溶胶体系中花状金纳米聚集体的形成。实验发现,阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对鞣酸保护的金纳米聚集体具有强烈的解聚集作用,在剧烈搅拌的条件下CTAB能使金纳米聚集体成功解聚为单分散状态的金纳米粒子,提高体系温度可明显促进CTAB对金纳米聚集体的解聚集作用。     

丝素蛋白质原位还原制备纳米贵金属胶体及表征

室温下, 不加任何还原剂, 丝素蛋白质溶液可以原位还原贵金属前驱体制备纳米贵金属胶体, 用光谱法研究了还原反应机理以及pH和反应物摩尔比对反应的影响, 用FT-IR, TEM, AFM对所得溶胶结构作了表征. TEM照片显示丝素-金溶胶为新颖核-壳纳米结构的生物缀合物(bioconjugate), 丝素-银溶胶为十几个核-壳型结构的丝素-银纳米颗粒聚集成的簇状物. 金溶胶具有高度的分散性和稳定性, 而银溶胶相对而言较差.     

山竹果壳提取液中金纳米粒子的生物合成及光谱性质研究

在山竹果壳提取液中,以山竹多酚既作还原剂又作保护剂,制备了具有高度稳定性、单分散性的亲水性金纳米粒子。利用紫外可见分光光度法、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射等手段对制备的金纳米粒子进行了表征和分析。结果表明:金纳米粒子的尺寸大小在9~23nm范围,升高温度其还原反应速率加快,所得金纳米粒子的尺寸减小、单分散性提高。山竹多酚保护金的金纳米颗粒具有pH值调控的分散可逆性。降低山竹提取液的浓度可得到包括单晶纳米片在内的多形态金纳米颗粒。     

基于纳米金-适体结构的智能手机补色波长法检测磺胺二甲嘧啶

通过制备纳米金颗粒-适体结构,结合智能手机数字比色法实现了磺胺类抗生素磺胺二甲嘧啶(SDM)的快速定量检测。核酸适体通过静电作用结合在纳米金颗粒表面,可通过改变纳米金颗粒表面的电荷密度,使纳米金无法聚集,结合适体链的纳米金溶液呈现稳定的红色;目标分子与适体链特异性结合后,导致适体链从纳米金颗粒表面脱离,进而纳米金颗粒发生聚集,溶液颜色由红色变成蓝紫色。利用智能手机获取检测溶液的数字化图片,并用自行设计开发的手机App对图片的补色波长进行分析,可实现对SDM的定量检测。该方法检测范围为0~5μg/m L,检出限为0.13μg/m L。     

金纳米颗粒作为Cu2+氧化半胱氨酸的可视化指示剂及其应用

Cu2+能选择性氧化半胱氨酸,破坏半胱氨酸与金纳米颗粒之间金硫键的形成,阻止半胱氨酸导致的金纳米颗粒聚集。因而,金纳米颗粒可作为Cu2+氧化半胱氨酸的可视化指示剂,本实验据此建立了高选择性检测Cu2+的色度分析方法。在HCl-NaAc缓冲体系(pH 3.6)中,金纳米颗粒在525 nm处的吸光度值与Cu2+的浓度在8.0×10-8~2.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9962;检出限(3σ/k)为1.5×10-9mol/L。将本方法用于天然水体中Cu2+的测定,具有较好的精密度和准确度。     

金纳米粒子在氨基表面上的组装-pH值的影响

用原子力显微镜（AFM）和表面增强喇曼光谱（SERS）研究了pH值对金纳米粒子在Au／巯基苯胺自组装膜表面上组装效果的影响．AFM结果表明，金纳米粒子在表面上的覆盖度随pH值表现出规律性的变化，巯基苯胺自组装膜的SERS强度随pH值的变化也有类似的趋势．在磁性环境下，氨基未质子化，金粒子难以组装上，而在酸性条件下，氨基质子化带正电，金粒子与基底容易结合．我们认为金纳米粒子和氨基之间的作用属于静电力，pH值同时影响膜表面氨基的质子化程度和金纳米粒子表面的带电量．     

Synthesis of AgcoreAushell bimetallic nanoparticles for immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Layered core-shell bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles were prepared by coating Au layers over Ag seeds by a seed-growth method. The composition of Ag100-xAux particles can vary from x=0 to 30. TEM and SEM images clearly show that the bimetallic nanoparticles are of core-shell structure with some pinholes on the surface. Strong surface-enhanced Raman (SER) signals of thiophenol and p-aminothiophenol have been obtained with these colloids. It was found that the SERS activity of aggregated colloids critically depends on the molar ratio of Ag to Au. With the increase of the Au molar fraction, the SERS activity enhances first and then weakens, with the maximal intensity being 10 times stronger than that of Ag colloids. The AgcoreAushell nanoparticles were then labeled with monoclonal antibodies and SERS probes and used for immunoassay analysis. In the proposed system, antibodies immobilized on a solid substrate can interact with the corresponding antigens to form a composite substrate, which can capture reporter-labeled AgcoreAushell nanoparticles modified with the same antibodies. The immunoreaction between the antibodies and antigens was demonstrated by the detection of characteristic Raman bands of the probe molecules. AgcoreAushell bimetallic nanoparticles, as a new SERS active and biocompatible substrate, will be expected to improve the detection sensitivity of immunoassay.     

金核银壳纳米粒子薄膜的制备及SERS活性研究

采用柠檬酸化学还原法制备金溶胶, 通过自组装技术在石英片表面制备金纳米粒子薄膜, 在银增强剂混合溶液中反应获得金核银壳纳米粒子薄膜. 用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了不同条件下制备的金核银壳纳米粒子薄膜的光谱特性和表面形貌, 并以结晶紫为探针分子测量了金核银壳纳米粒子薄膜的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS). 结果表明, 金纳米粒子薄膜的分布、银增强剂反应时间的长短对金核银壳纳米粒子薄膜的形成均有重要影响. 制备过程中, 可以通过控制反应条件获得一定粒径的、具有良好表面增强拉曼散射活性的金核银壳纳米粒子薄膜.     

Anion Adsorption on an Au Colloid Monolayer Based Cysteamine-Modified Gold Electrode

IntroductionThe metal colloids have been investigated for over l40 years since Faraday['] made thefirst approach on gold colloids. Colloidal Au can be used for catalysis['], microanalysis of pro--tein and biosensors[3J and its fine particles have been expected to be a highly efficient thirdnon1inear optical material[4'5J. However, most studies on the surface chemistry of metal parti-cles have been focused on silver[6], the reason is that the plasmon absorption band of that met-al is very str…     

Enzyme‐Controlled Sensing–Actuating Nanomachine Based on Janus Au–Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Novel Janus nanoparticles with Au and mesoporous silica faces on opposite sides were prepared using a Pickering emulsion template with paraffin wax as the oil phase. These anisotropic colloids were employed as integrated sensing–actuating nanomachines for enzyme‐controlled stimuli‐responsive cargo delivery. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the successful use of the Janus colloids for controlled delivery of tris(2,2’‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride from the mesoporous silica face, which was grafted with pH‐sensitive gatelike scaffoldings. The release was mediated by the on‐demand catalytic decomposition of urea by urease, which was covalently immobilized on the Au face.     

Surface enhanced Raman scattering investigation of the halide anion effect on the adsorption of 1,2,3-triazole on silver and gold colloidal nanoparticles

The halide anion effect on the adsorption of 1,2,3-triazole on Ag and Au colloidal nanoparticles has been investigated by means of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. To interpret the SERS spectra, the vibrational spectra of 1,2,3-triazole were assigned with the help of density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations of the two tautomers of 1,2,3-triazole, both free and bound to Ag and Au adatoms. Upon addition of halide anions, both tautomers interact with the Ag surface through one nitrogen atom. Analogous behavior is observed in the case of basified Au colloids, whereas at the usual pH of these hydrosols (approximately 6) the adsorption of 1,2,3-triazole is the same of that observed in halide-free colloids.     

Strategies for Organizing Nanoparticles into Aggregate Structures and Functional Materials

In this review, we focus on some of the most successful approaches to date for organizing nanoparticles into macroscopic aggregates and functional materials. The preparation and resulting properties of two- and three-dimensional arrays of nanoparticles are detailed, and some potential uses for these materials are discussed. Although many types of nanoparticles can be organized into such structures, this review focuses specifically on Au and CdE (E=S, Se) nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles are easily prepared, highly stable, well-studied, and excellent models for other metal colloids. CdE colloids are the most extensively studied semiconductor nanoparticles and hold much promise in the optoelectronics field.     

Macroporous Au materials prepared from colloidal crystals as templates

In this paper, we reported the preparation of macroporous Au materials using organic colloidal crystals as templates and their catalytic activity for electroless copper deposition. The poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)) copolymer colloids were deposited in an orderly manner onto the silicon surface, together with the infiltration of the Au nanoparticles into the interspaces of the colloids. The formed hybrid colloidal crystal subsequently was sintered at approximately 550 degrees C to remove the organic components fully to obtain a macroporous Au framework with three-dimensional ordered porous structure. The pore diameter was around 310 nm and almost monodisperse. It was demonstrated that the macroporous Au materials exhibit catalytic activity and can induce electroless copper deposition.