各种形貌的纳米Co3O4的制备及其应用*

本文综述了各种形貌的纳米Co₃O₄的制备及其应用。制备纳米Co₃O₄的方法有很多,包括热分解、水热法、溶剂热法、化学喷雾热分解、化学气相沉积和溶胶-凝胶法。各种形貌的Co₃O₄被制备,如纳米球、纳米立方体、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米片、纳米纤维和介孔结构。Co₃O₄是一种重要的磁性P-型半导体,在锂离子电池、超级电容器、电致变色、磁性材料、气体传感器和催化剂等诸多领域有比较广泛的应用。     

Cu/Co/Mn基氧载体释氧动力学及机理研究

以溶胶凝胶法制备了CuO/CuAl₂O₄、Co₃O₄/CoAl₂O₄以及Mn₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体,在流化床反应器中CO₂气氛下研究了不同温度下氧载体释氧特性,并通过分析得到各氧载体的释氧动力学机理函数、活化能及指前因子等重要参数。释氧过程中,氧载体CuO/CuAl₂O₄中CuO、CuAl₂O₄均为活性相,释氧后转化为Cu₂O及CuAlO₂,而Co₃O₄/CoAl₂O₄及Mn₂O₃/Al₂O₃中CoAl₂O₄和Al₂O₃均为惰性相,仅有Co₃O₄和Mn₂O₃参与释氧并分别转化为CoO和Mn₃O₄。三种氧载体的释氧过程均可由成核-核生长机理描述,释氧初期氧载体经化学反应形成新的活性核心,随后活性核心聚集形成还原态的氧载体团簇。各氧载体释氧的机理函数G(x)有不同的表达式,CuO/CuAl₂O₄、Co₃O₄/CoAl₂O₄、Mn₂O₃/Al₂O₃释氧的活化能E分别为226.37、130.06和65.90 kJ/mol,相对应的指前因子A分别为2.99×10⁶、4.96×10³和27.37 s^-1。     

Co3O4/KIT-6催化剂催化分解N2O反应研究

本文采用等体积浸渍法将活性组分Co₃O₄负载到具有大比表面积、独特三维交联介孔道的KIT-6分子筛上,制备一种负载型的Co₃O₄/KIT-6催化剂,并用于催化分解N₂O反应.研究发现,负载Co₃O₄后的催化剂不仅保持了KIT-6有序的介孔结构,同时增大了催化剂的有效比表面积,提高了活性组分Co₃O₄的利用率,其催化活性基本与纯Co₃O₄相持平.通过对不同负载量的Co/KIT-6催化剂的活性测试发现,该催化剂的活性随着Co负载量的增加而提升.通过对30%Co/KIT-6催化剂的稳定性测试及其在杂质气体存在条件下的活性测试,表明30%Co/KIT-6催化剂具有较好的催化稳定性和杂质气体抗性,适用于实际工业生产尾气中的N₂O处理.     

二元析氧催化剂CoxCr1-xO3/2的制备及性能研究

用热分解法制得不同混合比例的二元金属氧化物催化剂Co_xCr_1-xO_3/2（x = 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1）,使用SEM、XRD和XPS观察表征催化剂形貌、晶型和价态,使用线性扫描伏安、阶梯波伏安和恒电位测试电极活性、过电位和稳定性. 结果表明,该Co₃O₄和绿铬矿型Cr₂O₃混合物形成固溶体Co_xCr_1-xO_3/2. x = 0.2时,Co_0.2Cr_0.8O_3/2电极性能较单一Co₃O₄和Cr₂O₃电极好,在高电位（1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl）,其电流强度是Co₃O₄的3.75倍,Cr₂O₃的15.2倍,其过电位（η = 0.0703 V）也较Co₃O₄（η = 0.6109 V）和Cr₂O₃（η = 0.435 V）小,催化性能最好,在强碱性溶液（pH=13）中有良好的稳定性.     

水热合成Co3O4的制备参数调变及其催化分解N2O性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）为模板剂,通过调变CTAB浓度水热合成了氧化钴前驱体,焙烧制得棒状形貌的Co₃O₄,在其表面浸渍K₂CO₃溶液制得K改性的Co₃O₄催化剂,用于N₂O分解。用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂物理吸附（BET）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）和O₂程序升温脱附（O₂-TPD）等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了CTAB/钴及尿素/钴物质的量比等制备参数对Co₃O₄催化分解N₂O活性的影响。结果表明,CTAB浓度为0.05 mol/L、CTAB/钴离子物质的量比为1、尿素/钴离子物质的量比为4时,所制备的Co₃O₄催化剂具有较高的N₂O分解活性,而K改性可以进一步提升其催化性能。K改性的Co₃O₄在有氧有水气氛中400℃下进行N₂O分解反应,50 h后N₂O转化率仍保持在91%以上。     

锂空气电池高容量长寿命Co3O4纳米空心球阴极催化剂

以六水合硝酸钴（Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O）、六次甲基四胺（HMT）、蔗糖、柠檬酸钠（Na₃C₆H₅O₇）为原料,140 ^oC下水热碳化处理即得反应前驱物,经煅烧处理后,可得多孔Co₃O₄纳米空心球. 锂空气电池Co₃O₄/SP阴极催化剂具有优异的循环寿命性能,这归因于Co₃O₄空心球的纳米颗粒构成、较高比表面积的多孔结构,为电池反应提供了大量的反应位点,为充放电产物提供了足够的存储空间.     

N2O在Au/Co3O4和Au/ZnCo2O4催化剂上的分解反应

通过调变HAuCl₄溶液的pH值和Au负载量,用沉积-沉淀法制备了一系列Au/Co₃O₄催化剂,并采用AES、BET、XRD、SEM、XPS和H₂-TPR等技术对催化剂的结构和组成进行了表征,考察了制备条件对其在有氧气氛中催化N₂O分解反应性能的影响规律,得到了催化剂最佳制备条件:HAuCl₄溶液pH值为9,Au负载量为0.29%。催化测试结果表明:虽然ZnCo₂O₄的催化活性优于Co₃O₄,但0.31%Au/ZnCo₂O₄的活性和稳定性低于0.29%Au/Co₃O₄。500℃、在含氧气氛中连续反应10 h, 两者均可完全分解N₂O,但在含氧、含水气氛中0.29%Au/Co₃O₄和0.31%Au/ZnCo₂O₄上的N₂O转化率分别为92%和63%。究其原因,发现Au/Co₃O₄中Au和Co组分间存在协同效应,而Au/ZnCo₂O₄中Au和Co组分间则没有协同效应。     

氮掺杂碳纳米管负载Co3O4氧还原电催化剂的制备与性能

以碳纳米管(CNT)为原料,通过负载维生素B₁₂,简单热解得到了一种氮掺杂碳纳米管(N/CNT)负载低含量Co₃O₄纳米颗粒的氧还原电催化剂(Co₃O₄@N/CNT)。得益于均匀分散的Co₃O₄纳米颗粒以及氮掺杂,Co₃O₄@N/CNT表现出了优异的氧还原催化性能,其半波电位达到了0.844 V(vs RHE),超越了商业Pt/C(0.820 V(vs RHE))。与Pt/C相比,基于Co₃O₄@N/CNT组装的锌-空气电池表现出了更优的放电性能和循环稳定性。     

核壳结构Co3O4@MnOx整体式催化剂的碳烟催化燃烧性能

采用两步水热法在泡沫镍基底上合成了具有纳米棒形貌的Co₃O₄@MnO_x整体式催化剂,通过X射线衍射、X射线能谱分析、氢气-程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱和碳烟-程序升温还原等手段对催化剂进行表征,在微型固定床反应器上评价了其催化碳烟燃烧性能,通过等温动力学实验探究了催化剂的本征活性。结果表明,Co₃O₄@MnO_x催化剂呈现了以Co₃O₄为核、以MnO_x为壳的核壳结构。与催化剂Co-NW相比,Co₃O₄@MnO_x催化剂中Co₃O₄与MnO_x之间的相互作用使其表面产生了更多高价物种Mn⁴⁺和Mn³⁺以及更多的表面氧空位,其氧化还原性能提高,催化剂的活性氧物种数量增加了两倍,催化性能得到改善,在NO存在的反应气氛中...     

核-壳结构Pd-Co3O4@SiO2催化剂的低浓度甲烷催化燃烧性能

用自组装法制备了一种具有核–壳结构的Pd-Co₃O₄@SiO₂催化剂,对其低浓度甲烷催化燃烧性能进行了研究。TEM、XRD、H₂-TPR表征及催化活性测试结果表明,SiO₂壳内的PdO与CoO_x之间的强相互作用,使得Pd-Co₃O₄@SiO₂对低浓度甲烷燃烧具有优异的催化活性。同时,与负载型Pd/Co₃O₄-SiO₂及Pd/Co₃O₄@SiO₂催化剂相比,核-壳型Pd-Co₃O₄@SiO₂催化剂经800 ℃煅烧后仍能保持较好的核-壳结构,有效地避免了Pd和Co活性物种的高温烧结,因而具有更高的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Co3O4/Graphene

Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composites were synthesized via a simple electrochemical method from graphene oxide and Co（NO3）2·6H2O as raw materials.Co3O4 nanoparticles with sizes of around 30-50 nm were distributed on the surface of graphene nanosheets confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Electrochemical properties of Co3O4/graphene composite were tested by cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge-discharge,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite was used as the pseudocapacitor electrode in the 2 mol/L NaOH aqueous electrolyte solution.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 357 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g in a three-electrode system.72％ of capacitance was retained when the current density increased to 3 A/g.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite prepared electrodes show a high rate capability and excellent long-term stability.After 1000 cycles of charge and discharge,the capacitance is still maintained 87％ at a current density of 1 A/g,indicating that the composite is a oromising alternative electrode material used for supercapacitors.     

介孔Co3O4多面体的制备及电化学性能

通过水热处理Co(NO₃)₂与(NH₄)₂S₂O₈合成了CoOOH多面体, 再经高温煅烧得到具有介孔结构的Co₃O₄多面体; 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和N2吸附\|脱附实验等手段对其结构和组成进行了表征; 研究了反应时间、 反应温度及(NH₄)₂S₂O₈浓度等因素对CoOOH多面体形貌的影响, 分析了CoOOH多面体的形成机理. 性能测试结果表明, 该介孔Co₃O₄多面体具有良好的葡萄糖电化学检测活性, 检测线性范围为0.05~1.8 mmol/L, 响应灵敏度为148 μA·cm^-2·mmol·L^-1, 检出限为1 μmol/L.     

一种双吡啶双酰胺配体修饰的Keggin型硅钼酸盐基配合物的合成、结构与催化性能

水热反应条件下制备了一个基于半刚性双吡啶双酰胺配体3-bpcd(N,N'-双(3-吡啶)环己烷-1,4-双甲酰胺)和Keggin型多金属氧酸盐的银配合物{[Ag₂(3-bpcd)₃][Ag(3-bpcd)(SiMo₁₂O₄₀)]₂(3-H₂bpcd)₂}·7H₂O,并通过红外光谱、元素分析和X射线单晶衍射等技术手段确定了其晶体结构。结构分析表明该配合物属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.3597(5) nm,b=1.4949(5) nm,c=2.5249(10) nm,α=88.998(6)°,β=88.856(7)°,γ=67.458(6)°,V=4.739(3) nm³,M_r=6471.02,D_c=2.261 g/cm³,Z=1,S=0.955,F(000)=3124,R₁=0.0768,wR₂=0.1936。 配合物是由一维[Ag(3-bpcd)(SiMo₁₂O₄₀)]₂^6-链、双金属[Ag₂(3-bpcd)₃]²⁺结构单元、2个未配位的质子化有机配体3-H₂bpcd和7个结晶水共同组成的复杂结构,多种结构单元间通过氢键作用形成三维超分子网络结构。 标题配合物修饰的碳糊电极对NO₂^-有好的电催化还原活性,此配合物作为催化剂对罗丹明B的降解有显著的催化效果。 CCDC:1401875     

Comparison of Photochemical Reactions of m-Cresol in Aqueous Solution and in Ice

We compared the photochemical reaction of m-cresol containing OH precursors such as H₂O₂, NO₂^- and NO₃^- in aqueous solution with those in ice. The results show that the conversion rate of m-cresol in aqueous solution was higher than that in ice. H₂O₂, NO₂^- and NO₃^- all accelerated the photoconversion of m-cresol in both aqueous solution and ice. The photochemical reactions of m-cresol obeys the first order kinetics equation. According to the photoproducts identified by GC-MS, we proposed that hydroxylation and nitration reactions occurred in both aqueous solution and ice. Coupling reaction was common in ice, however, in aqueous solution it was found only in UV system. Our results suggest that the photochemical reactions of m-cresol were different in aqueous solution and in ice.     

Polyoxometalate-based high-nuclear cobalt-vanadium-oxo cluster as efficient catalyst for visible light-driven CO2 reduction

A high-nuclear {Co₁₆-V₄} cluster was firstly isolated by pure inorganic lacunary POM units, which exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for CO₂-to-CO conversion under visible light irradiation.     

一个钼钒二聚体簇合物的合成及其性能

以NH₄VO₃, H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀·xH₂O, Cu(NO₃)₂和哌嗪为主要原料,采用水热方法,合成了一个新的钼钒二聚体簇合物--(H₂NC₄H₈NH₂)₆［Mo^VI₁₆V^V₁₂P₂O₈₄］·5H₂O(1),其结构和性能经UV-Vis, IR, X-射线衍射、光电子能谱及热重分析表征。1属单斜晶系,P2(1)/c空间群, 晶胞参数a=20.450(4) , b=24.989(5) , c=20.450(4) , β=93.89 °, V=10 427(4) ³, Fw=4 159.18, Dc=2.650 g·cm^-3, μ=3.018 mm^-1, F(000)=7 952, Gof=1.029。晶体结构解析表明：1由两个单元Keggin型簇核［PMo₈V₆O₄₂］^7-聚合而成一个二聚体簇［P₂Mo_l6V₁₂O₈₄］^14-,该二聚体簇核和有机配体哌嗪之间通过复杂的氢键相互作用,展示三维超分子网络结构。     

Facile Solution-based Synthesis and Optical Properties of Co3O4 Nanoparticles at Low-temperature

Cobalt oxide（C0304） with different morphologies was achieved by a simple solution-based method. Various parallel experiments show that several experimental parameters, such as the concentrations of NaOH and ethylene glyeol（EG）, play important roles in the morphological controlling of C0304 nanoparticles. A lower concen- tration of NaOH favors quasi-spherical product with a uniform size of about 15 nm, whereas a higher concentration of NaOH generally leads to the formation of nanoplates with wide size distribution. In addition, C0304 nanorods were also obtained partially by introducing a certain amount of EG. A possible mechanism was proposed for the selective formation of C0304 with various morphologies. X-Ray diffraction（XRD）, infrared（IR） spectrometry, scanning elec- tron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and UV-Vis spectrometry were used to characterize the samples.     

利用还原取代反应合成双核铜(Ⅰ)配合物及其晶体结构研究

铜(Ⅰ)配合物由于其变化奇异的结构、性质及配位数而引起化学工作者的广泛兴趣.四电子供体双二苯基膦甲烷(dppm)适宜在近距离内与2个金属原子同时配位,容易形成八元环的二聚体M₂P₄C₂,因而是桥联2个低氧化态过渡金属的最佳选择.     

Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of bis(bis(μ2-2-aminoethanolato–N,O,O)–cobalt(III))–cobalt(II) hydrate, tris(biscyclohexylammonium)μ-hydroxo–bis(μ2-nitro–N,O)–hexanitro–dicobaltate(III) and biscyclohexylammonium nitrate(III)

Two new cobalt complexes: Co₃(NO₂)₄(NH₂CH₂CH₂O)₄·H₂O (1) and (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)₃[Co₂(NO₂)₈OH]·3H₂O (2) and the compound (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)NO₂ (3) were synthesised and their structures have been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 consists of two centrosymmetrical trinuclear complexes and a water molecule of crystallization. Ligands coordinated to Co atoms are nitro and aminoethanolato groups. Structure 2 is built up of biscyclohexylammonium cations, dinuclear anions with hydroxo and nitro groups coordinated to Co atoms and water molecules. The coordination of Co atoms in both structures is roughly octahedral.