含活塞的管内湍流的数值模拟

应用两方程模式和 SIMPLER 算法对含活塞的管内复杂湍流进行了数值模拟.活塞直径和外管内径之比为0.8,雷诺数为6.05×10~4.数值模拟得到了三个回流区.下游回流的分离-再附长度是活塞直径的1.5倍.间隙段存在流速超越现象,但不存在后台阶流动计算中的核心区现象.文中给出了数值模拟的详细成果.     

环形通道内湍流旋流流动的数值模拟

本文应用一种考虑湍流－旋流相互作用及湍流脉动各向异性的新的代数Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ应力模型,对环形通道内的湍流旋流流动进行了数值模拟,研究了改主为旋流流数,进口轴向速度及半径比等参数对环形通道内湍流流动的影响,以及对强化环形通道内传热的作用。     

不同参数下环形通道内湍流旋流流动的模拟

应用一种合理考虑湍流一旋流相互作用及湍流脉动各向异性的新的代数ＲｅｙｎｏｌｄＳ应力模型,对环形通道内的湍流旋流流动进行了数值模拟．研究了旋流数、进口轴向速度和内外半径比等参数对环形通道内湍流旋流流动的影响,以及由此产生的流场变化对强化环形通道内传热的作用．     

槽道湍流近壁区相干结构的数值模拟

从流动稳定性理论中的共振三波出发，采用类似湍流直接数值模拟中的最小单元概念，用伪谱方法，对槽道湍流近壁区的单个相干结构进行了数值模拟，得到了与实验基本一致的结果，同时也搞清楚了在谱方法中用Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ－τ方法和配置点法哪个更精确的问题。     

湍流猝发的检测方法

本文对几种常用的检测湍流猝发的条件采样方法，如ｍｕ－ｌｅｖｅｌ法，ＶＩＴＡ法，ＷＡＧ法，（ｕｖ）＿２法的特点及对门限的敏感性进行了研究．并用不同方法对同一组湍流数字信号进行条件采样和条件平均，针对猝发的特征，对使用不同的条件采样方法以得到一致检测结果的途径进行了探讨．     

对管内湍流边界层结构与流动阻力特性的数值研究

在研究紊流边界层的过程中,本文考虑了分子粘性对紊流产生的作用、雷诺数以及壁面附近脉动动能的耗散不是各向同性对紊流产生的影响,采用Jones-Launder模型对管内紊流流动边界层厚度、边界层内的脉动动能K,动能耗散ε,管壁切应力τ0以及由此可得的管内流动摩擦阻力系数λ进行了数值计算,计算结果与实验值、理论计算值得具有较好的一致性。     

统一二阶矩模型用于模拟旋流湍流两相流动

用统一二阶矩模型（ＵＳＭ）模拟了旋流数为０４７和１５的气粒两相流动，并和实验结果以及ｋ ε ｋｐ模型的模拟结果进行了对比．研究结果表明，提高旋流数减小了轴向速度反流区，增大了切向速度似固核区．ＵＳＭ和ｋ ε ｋｐ模型预报旋流数为０４７时的两相速度场差别不大，并都和实验结果接近，但前者预报的旋流数为１５的两相速度场比后者有改进，在两种情况下，前者都能揭示出后者无法预报的两相湍流各向异性规律．     

剪切湍流的涡黏张量模式

对剪切湍流提出了涡黏系数为四阶张量的涡黏张量模式。引入近代数学中Ｍｏｏｒｅ－Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ广义逆矩阵的研究结果，给出了构造涡黏张量各分量的计算公式。用平面后台阶流动验算了剪切湍流的涡黏张量模式，比ＲＳＭ和ｋ－ε模式更接近实验结果。提出了剪切湍流涡黏张量模式的应用设想。     

关于RNG代数湍流模式的研究

研究了ＲＮＧ代数湍流模型，提出的涡黏性方程根的识别方法对涡黏性的选择给予了合理的物理意义，它减少了模型使用中的经验性，缩短了计算时间。另外关于用外部涡函数的双峰平均法来确定分离区附近边界层的厚度也是有意义的，它继承了ＢａｌｄｗｉｎＬｏｍａｘ代数模型的长处，改进了其不足，可用于分离流动的工程计算．     

旋流燃烧室内湍流燃烧速度场的实验研究

建立了采用分级进风方式的同轴射流旋流燃烧室实验装置，选用耐高温的氧化铝细粉作为示踪粒子，实现了用三维激光粒子动态分析仪(PDA)测量湍流旋流燃烧的热态瞬时速度场．在分级进风比率和旋流致不同的3组实验工况条件下，得到了气体时均轴向与切向速度、轴向与切向脉动速度均方根值和轴向—切向脉动速度二阶关联量的分布．     

静电旋风分离器气相流场的数值模拟

对一内部安装电晕极的切向进口旋风分离器,以三维贴体坐标为基础,应用Bradshaw的修正k-ε湍流模型,用非交错的SIMPLE算法对静电旋风分离器的气相流场进行求解,计算结果与实验结果进行了对比。分析了电晕极的不同安装位置对旋风分离器流场的影响。从流场的角度来看,电晕极安装在筒体与排气管之间并靠近排气管的位置有利于提高静电旋风分离器的分离效率。     

Direct Numerical Simulation of Transitional Turbulent Flow in a Closed Rotor-Stator Cavity

The transitional turbulent regime in confined flow between a rotating and a stationary disc is studied using direct numerical simulation. Besides its fundamental importance as a three-dimensional prototype flow, such flows frequently arise in many industrial devices, especially in turbomachinary applications. The present contribution extends the DNS simulation into the turbulent flow regime, to a rotational Reynolds number Re =3 × 10⁵. An annular rotor-stator cavity of radial extension ΔR and height H, is considered with L = 4.72(L = ΔR/H) and Rm = 2.33 (Rm = (R ₁+ R ₀)/ΔR). The direct numerical simulation is performed by integrating the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations until a statistically steady state is reached. A three-dimensional spectral method is used with the aim of providing both very accurate instantaneous fields and reliable statistical data. The instantaneous quantities are analysed in order to enhance our knowledge of the physics of turbulent rotating flows. Also, the results have been averaged so as to provide target turbulence data for any subsequent modelling attempts at reproducing the flow. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

方柱绕流的数值模拟

采用有限差分法,对雷诺数为2.2×10~4的方柱绕流进行了大涡模拟(简称LES)。运用时间分裂控制(Split-Operator)法,将N-S方程分为对流步、扩散步和传播步。对Smagorinsky假设在近壁区的发散问题用两层模型进行处理。对流项用迎风—中心差分格式模拟,压力方程用SOR法迭代求解。计算得到的沿对称线的时均顺流向速度与文献上的实验结果进行了比较,结果吻合较好,同时还对绕方柱流的流场结构进行了分析研究。     

陷落腔的流场数值计算研究

本文对有限分析解法的近似计算方法及其对计算精度的影响进行了数值计算和分析讨论；然后采用有限分析解法，对前、后壁壁缘高度不同的三种腔内流场运动发展过程及腔口剪切层运动情况作了数值计算，得到的腔口剪切层上腔口随边相互作用情况与对应腔的流场显示实验结果进行了比较，两者一致，计算结果表明，采用本文发展的近似方法计算可靠，可以较大地提高计算效率。     

偏心圆柱塞状管流的数值模拟

在全面调研了国内外关于两相在管道中的偏心圆柱塞状管流的研究文献之后，发现几乎都利用经验公式或近似估计式进行水力计算，这与石油工业中两相流的广泛应用极不相适应。根据流体力学中N-S方程对层流的描述，再结合经典的力学理论分析，对两相偏心圆柱塞状管流的相界面提出严密而科学的力学耦合条件，得到了完整描述偏心环状管流的适定的偏微分方程组，然后利用双极坐标变换化不规则的区域为规则的矩形域及计算机仿真技术，得到了两相流中偏心圆柱塞状管流的流动规律，对石油工业具有重要的工程应用价值。     

Reynolds Number Dependence of Velocity Structure Functions in a Turbulent Pipe Flow

Low-order moments of the increments δu andδv where u and v are the axial and radial velocity fluctuations respectively, have been obtained using single and X-hot wires mainly on the axis of a fully developed pipe flow for different values of the Taylor microscale Reynolds numberR _λ. The mean energy dissipation rate〉ε〈 was inferred from the uspectrum after the latter was corrected for the spatial resolution of the hot-wire probes. The corrected Kolmogorov-normalized second-order structure functions show a continuous evolution withR _λ. In particular, the scaling exponentζ _v , corresponding to the v structure function, continues to increase with R _λ in contrast to the nearly unchanged value of ζ _u . The Kolmogorov constant for δu shows a smaller rate of increase with R _λ than that forδv. The level of agreement with local isotropy is examined in the context of the competing influences ofR _λ and the mean shear. There is close but not perfect agreement between the present results on the pipe axis and those on the centreline of a fully developed channel flow. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

LDV Measurements of the Response of the Swirling Turbulent Flow in a Pipe to a Rapid Temporal Change in Swirl

The present paper describes an experiment to study the response of the swirling flow in a pipe at a high Reynolds number to a rapid temporal change in swirl. The measurements have been conducted with 3D-LDV in a facility of special design that operates on the principle of refractive-index matching and in which swirl is generated in the flow by a tube-bundle in the pipe rotating about its own axis. The temporal change in swirl is effected by a computer controlled change of the angular velocity of the swirl generator. Measurement data from both cases, of increase and decrease of swirl, are presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

圆管过渡流态的间歇因子

用激光测速方法研究圆管流动的湍流间歇现象．实验表明,间歇湍流首先在管壁发生,逐渐向下游扩张．随着雷诺数的增加,间歇因子γ＝０．５的转捩界面逐渐向入口推移,一直到Ｒｅ＝９８８７,整个管流才变成间歇湍流和充分湍流     

Direct Numerical Simulation of a Recirculating, Swirling Flow

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a recirculating, swirling flow is performed at a Reynolds number of 5000. Detailed one and two point statistics are presented in this paper. Flow visualization and frequency analysis are used to identify a precessing vortex core and to characterize its position, extent and influence on the flow field. The results are compared with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements as well as large eddy simulation (LES) data reported in the literature. The present work constitutes a first step in setting up a DNS data base for complex flows.     

Effect of Interphase Heat Transfer on the Stability of a Turbulent Multicomponent Flow in a Vortex

The parameters of an axisymmetric turbulent two-phase swirling flow of a viscous heat-conducting gas containing a liquid dispersed phase in the presence of water vapor condensation on the particles are calculated. For the dispersed phase, a model taking into account the variation of the vapor concentration and the particle size due to condensation or evaporation is proposed. The distributions of the parameters of the basic unperturbed flow obtained numerically are used in the numerical solution of the linear problem of hydrodynamic stability within the time-dependent formulation. The parameters of small-amplitude harmonic perturbations propagating along the vortex axis are investigated in the linear formulation. A significant effect of heat release in the gas due to water vapor condensation on the parameters of the neutral perturbations and the neutral-stability curves is detected.