基于有限元的舌体三维温度场数值模拟

依据生物体自然形态所进行的三维温度场建构与计算是近年来国内外生物传热研究中的焦点之一.采用血管铸型的方法获取猪舌的血管树,通过数码成像及逆向建模将其转换为计算机可识别的数字模型.以Pennes方程为基准方程,对自然形态和实际传热状态下的舌体三维温度场进行了重构计算,并获得成功.通过此方法可获取其它生物体器官三维空间的温度分布,对本研究而言,舌体三维温度场计算的成功为探索生物传热与中医舌诊的机理研究搭建了技术平台.     

舌模型建构与三维温度场数值模拟初探

舌体的三维温度场的建立可直观反映全舌空间温度的分布情况,能够深层次分析全舌的传热特性。本文选择猪舌为实验研究对象,建构舌体真实血管分布的物理模型为计算机可识别的数字模型,在此基础上用有限元方法对舌体三维温度场的数值模拟做了初步探索。讨论了血管形状分布,血液灌注率,代谢热与生物体三维温度场变化规律的相关性。     

人舌三维温度场的实验研究与数值模拟

直接采用人舌血管铸型进行三维温度场的实验研究与数值计算.体现出依据生物体的真实形状和真实受热状态而进行的生物传热研究.仍以Pennes方程为基准方程,对自然形态和实际传热状态下的人舌舌体三维温度场进行了重构,计算结果与红外热像测试结果趋于一致.意义在于,以此为技术平台,可通过变换多种生物参数的方法获取不同的舌体三维温度分布与测取中医不同证候的舌热像进行比较,获取特定证候具有的相应生物参数值,由此研究生物传热与传统医学的相关性.     

基于模拟方法生成血管树的人舌三维温度场数值模拟

采用分步模拟方法生成血管树并以此作为物理模型,进行舌体三维温度场的实验研究与数值计算。计算分为舌体组织和血液温度场数值模拟两部分,相应数学模型也包括舌体组织控制方程、血液控制方程及两者之间的耦合方程。在考虑了血液与组织间的耦合换热,舌津液蒸发的影响基础上,采用数值模拟得到的舌面对流换热系数,使计算结果与红外热像验证极为近似。以模拟方法生成的血管树替代生物体的血管铸型,在某种意义上说将生物体三维传热计算方法的研究推向了一个新的层面。     

人舌动脉三维血管树建立方法研究

用血管树作为内热源进行生物体三维温度场重构是一种较为精确的生物传热计算方法.以人舌血管铸型为模板,采用数学方法分步建立其血管树.根据统计规律建立形态走向复杂的舌深动脉和一级分支血管,然后依据生理组织结构规律和优化原则生成其它血管.与实际人舌血管铸进行对比,结果表明:该方法建立的血管树符合人舌血管树的生理结构.用此方法可以替代生物体血管铸型实验,生成具有不同形态特征的血管系统,为深入研究生物体内部的传热特性提供了基础.     

血液对流换热的数值计算

在血管壁施加第三类边界条件是计算血液与组织间对流换热的一种近似计算方法.为分析其可行性,用有限元数值模拟方法计算血管分支结构中血液与组织的对流换热,得到不同流速和半径下分支血管内血液的截面平均Nu数沿管长的变化曲线.结果表明,血管树中分支血管的Nu数变化幅度不大,且趋于稳定值的速度很快.以相同边界条件下包含简单血管系统的舌体为例,分别用近似方法和完全耦合计算方法,进行血液流场和舌体温度场模拟.通过比较计算结果,得出两种方法得到的温度场分布趋势基本相同;用完全耦合计算方法得到的舌体温度略高于用近似方法得到的舌体温度,两者差值小于0.2℃.     

LNG球形贮罐绝热计算

分析了贮罐绝热体的传热规律,并建立了模型。通过近似理论计算得到了通过绝热体的传热量;利用计算软件对绝热体内传热过程进行了有限元计算,获得了通过贮罐绝热体的传热量以及绝热体内温度场的分布。以传热量为基准,将近似理论计算与有限元计算结果进行比较,表明有限元计算结果更为准确。     

无创测取舌温与人舌血液灌注率的计算分析

无创获取生物体变物性参数的方法,是生物传热研究的难题之一。本文提出了利用人舌红外热图优化计算舌血液灌注率的方法。通过热象仪测取人舌的二维温度场,根据给定的某些物性参数用生物传热模型进行逆运算,从而确定出人舌的血液灌注率。     

LAMOST围挡通道的壁面传热影响分析

运用热分析软件Icepak对望远镜LAMOST的圆顶围挡通道进行了热计算与分析，重点分析了围挡壁面的热辐射和热传导对整个温度场的影响。在通风管道冷却方案的基础上，分别建立了壁面辐射和传导的热模型，描述了壁面的传热结构。仿真计算了增加壁面热辐射和热传导时主光学组件——焦面的温度场分布，并对此作了对比分析。数值计算与仿真结果表明：壁面传热对其内部温度场的影响不大;利用通风管道的冷却措施可将焦面的最大温度梯度控制在0.4℃／m；围挡的特性结构对传热有效。     

磁热耦合下血管对温度场分布的影响

结合血液流动的Navier-Stokes方程与人体组织的Pennes生物传热方程建立了球形肿瘤组织的多物理场耦合模型,研究了血管分布位置、血管半径和血液流速等因素对肿瘤组织温度场和治疗效果的影响。结果表明：在热疗过程中,血管会对肿瘤组织产生冷却效果;同时血管的半径和血流速度的变化也会影响肿瘤区域的温度场分布,随着血管半径和血流速度的增加,血管附近的温度值越低。此外,相比外部血管,肿瘤内部血管对肿瘤区域具有更明显的降温效果,对热疗效果的不利影响也更强。     

An introduced effective-field theory study of spin-1 transverse Ising model with crystal field anisotropy in a longitudinal magnetic field

A spin-1 transverse Ising model with longitudinal crystal field in a longitudinal magnetic field is examined by introducing an effective field approximation (IEFT) which includes the correlations between different spins that emerge when expanding the identities. The effects of the crystal field as well as the transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields on the thermal and magnetic properties of the spin system are discussed in detail. The order parameters, Helmholtz free energy, entropy and specific heat curves are calculated numerically as functions of the temperature and Hamiltonian parameters. A number of interesting phenomena such as reentrant phenomena originating from the temperature, crystal field, transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields have been found.     

Magnetic Properties of an Antiferromagnetic Spin-1/2 XYZ Model in the Presence of Different Magnetic Fields: Finite-Size Effects of Inhomogeneity Property*

Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the anisotropic XYZ spin-1/2 finite chain under both homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields are theoretically studied at low temperature. Using exact diagonalization method (ED), we study the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat of the model characterized in terms of the finite correlation length in the presence of three different magnetic fields including longitudinal, transverse, and transverse staggered magnetic fields. The magnetization, susceptibility, and the specific heat of the model are investigated under two conditions separately: (i) When the model is putted in the presence of homogeneous magnetic fields. (ii) When finite inhomogeneities are considered for all applied magnetic fields in the Hamiltonian. We show that for the finite-size XYZ chains at low temperature, the evident magnetization plateaus gradually convert to their counterpart quasi-plateaus when the transverse magnetic field increases. Moreover, the influence of the transverse and staggered transverse magnetic fields, and their corresponding inhomogeneities on the magnetization process, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat are reported in detail. Our exact results illustrate that by altering the inhomogeneity parameters, magnetization plateaus gradually convert to their counterpart quasi-plateaus. The specific heat manifests Schottky-type maximum, double-peak, and triple-peak, as well as, transformation between them by varying considered inhomogeneity parameters in the Hamiltonian.     

Electronic contribution to the heat transfer across metal single crystal-He II boundaries

Measurements of the Kapitza conductance by the ac technique are reported for oriented gallium and copper single crystal discs. The data show convincing evidence that conduction electrons participate in the transmission of heat across the metal-He II interfaces for both metals. Measurements of the Kapitza conductance as a function of transverse and longitudinal fields and the influence of temperature, sample thickness and impurities allow a qualitative understanding of the total heat transfer across the sample.     

矢量空心高斯光束横纵向光场传输特性

基于矢量瑞利-索末菲衍射积分,研究了矢量空心高斯光束横向光场和纵向光场在自由空间中的传输特性.研究结果表明,空心高斯光束的横向光场与纵向光场在传输过程中光强分布情况并不相同,横向光场的光强分布具有旋转对称性,并且保持空心特性的距离受光束阶数的影响,而纵向光场不再具有旋转对称性,并且在理想状态下纵向光场可以一直保持空心特...     

W-Mo系复合材料的制备及其特性波阻抗

 采用放电等离子烧结技术，在相同的温度（1 473 K）及压力（30 MPa）下，制备出不同配比的致密的W-Mo系复合材料样品。采用高精度超声波脉冲回波重合方法，精确测量了超声波在样品中传播的横、纵波声速，并由此得到样品的特性波阻抗值。对样品的相组成分析及电子探针分析的结果表明，W-Mo系复合材料主要是以W、Mo机械混合的形式通过粘结相获得致密化的。因此，选用混合物模型对其特性波阻抗值进行了理论预测，与实测值的比较表明该模型能对W-Mo系复合材料的特性波阻抗作出比较准确的预测。     

Simple formulas for the oscillating component of the electrical conductivity of layered chargeordered crystals

In the present paper, oscillations of the longitudinal component of the electrical conductivity of layered crystals are examined in electric and quantizing magnetic fields perpendicular to the layers. It is demonstrated that frequencies and amplitudes of longitudinal conductivity oscillations can be determined with sufficient accuracy through the chemical potential of the electron gas and effective width of the miniband caused by the charge ordering. In addition, based on an analysis of formulas for the transverse conductivity, it is established that the applicability limits for the transverse conductivity in the semiclassical approximation (for the magnetic field induction) in the field perpendicular to the layers are much wider than for the longitudinal conductivity. An immediate reason for this is the zero longitudinal velocity of current carriers in the extreme cross sections, which leads to the field dependence of the amplitudes of longitudinal conductivity oscillations stronger than of transverse ones. Calculated results are used to interpret experimental data obtained for the β-(ET)2IBr2 synthetic metals. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 34–43, May, 2006.     

纵向导热对换热芯传热性能的影响

文中数值模拟了套管的导热系数、纵向长度和肋数对纵向导热的影响,随着纵向长度的增大,纵向导热的影响急剧减小.导热系数和肋数的增加都会使纵向导热的影响增加.对纵向长度小于 100 mm 短管来说,纵向导热越大热短路造成的损失越大,使整个换热芯传热效率相应幅度地降低;对管长大于 100 mm,材料导热系数小于 46 W/(m·K) 的回热器及换热介质为气体的来说,可以忽略纵向导热的影响.     

高温熔盐横纹管传热特性与强化机理研究

本文对以熔融盐为传热工质的横纹管传热过程进行了实验研究。研究温度、热流密度对横纹管传热性能的影响,并与光管的传热性能进行比较,探讨了强化传热的机理,确定了强化传热的范围和途径。实验结果表明:横纹管比光管具有更好的传热性能。     

Dynamic photoelastic study of the transient stress field in solids during shock wave lithotripsy

Photoelastic and shadowgraph imaging techniques were used to visualize the propagation and evolution of stress waves, and the resultant transient stress fields in solids during shock wave lithotripsy. In parallel, theoretical analysis of the wavefront evolution inside the solids was performed using a ray-tracing method. Excellent agreement between the theoretical prediction and experimental results was observed. Both the sample size and geometry were found to have a significant influence on the wave evolution and associated stress field produced inside the solid. In particular, characteristic patterns of spalling damage (i.e., transverse and longitudinal crack formation) were observed using plaster-of-Paris cylindrical phantoms of rectangular and circular cross sections. It was found that the leading tensile pulse of the reflected longitudinal wave is responsible for the initiation of microcracks in regions inside the phantom where high tensile stresses are produced. In addition, the transmitted shear wave was found to play a critical role in facilitating the extension and propagation of the microcrack.