交叉扭转椭圆冷却通道流动和换热研究

本文基于场协同理论,提出了一种可用于燃气透平叶片内部冷却的交叉扭转椭圆形截面内部冷却通道,其基本原理在于通过椭圆形截面通道的交叉扭转,能够实现纵向二次涡的产生,从而强化透平叶片的内部冷却。结合Fluent软件,对该通道内的流动阻力和换热特性进行了计算,并在此基础上分析了交叉扭转角度和长短轴长度比对通道内部流动和换热特性的影响。结果表明:交叉扭转椭圆截面通道使内部冷却显著强化,而流阻增加较少,计算工况下同功耗下的强化换热指标可达1.5;通道的最佳扭转角度范围宽广,实际应用中交叉扭转角度可以在45°～90°之间灵活选取;通道截面的最佳长短轴长度比为1.3～1.5。     

模拟涡轮叶片内冷通道方管和锥形管换热的实验研究

1引言在现代燃气涡轮发动机中，涡轮叶片内部设计了各种复杂的冷却通道结构，通人冷却空气，使工作状态下涡轮叶片温度降低，发动机得以安全运转。为此对干旋转情况下各种冷却方式换热效果的研允具有一定的现实意义。本课题时旋转状态下的方形等截面通道和收缩通道的局部对流换热特性进行了初步实验研究。为了近似地模拟叶片的冷却通道，本实验设计了光滑壁面的等截面方形通道、截面为矩形的收缩通道的实验模型。试验模型垂直于试验台的旋转轴转动，冷却气流流动方向向外。通道的热边界条件为等热流。2基本理论分析和实验研究旋转状态下的动…     

LAMOST围挡通道的壁面传热影响分析

运用热分析软件Icepak对望远镜LAMOST的圆顶围挡通道进行了热计算与分析，重点分析了围挡壁面的热辐射和热传导对整个温度场的影响。在通风管道冷却方案的基础上，分别建立了壁面辐射和传导的热模型，描述了壁面的传热结构。仿真计算了增加壁面热辐射和热传导时主光学组件——焦面的温度场分布，并对此作了对比分析。数值计算与仿真结果表明：壁面传热对其内部温度场的影响不大;利用通风管道的冷却措施可将焦面的最大温度梯度控制在0.4℃／m；围挡的特性结构对传热有效。     

冲击冷却对燃气轮机尾缘双流程内冷通道传热和压损的影响

燃机内部冷却的目标是采用更小的流量和压力损失实现通道对流传热系数的提高,并利用均匀的冷却减小热应力。本文采用数值模拟手段,研究了局部冲击冷却对带侧向出流的尾缘双流程通道传热和压损的影响。研究表明:动叶尾缘通道由于侧向出流,在页顶出现一个显著的大回流涡,当地传热系数低,易造成叶片局部温度和热应力偏高。通过在U型通道的隔板布置冲击子孔,可以有效地减小通道中分离涡的影响,提高通道末端的传热,并在对通道平均传热系数影响不大的前提下,显著降低通道阻力。使射流与靶面尽量垂直有助于达到最好的冷却效果。     

微小型通道几何参数对甲烷燃烧的影响

利用Fluent6.3对微小型通道内的甲烷空气预混燃烧及传热进行了数值研究,得到了矩形截面通道几何参数对燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,随着通道高度的增加,火焰前沿的位置不断向下游移动,并且沿通道中心线的温度分布梯度和反应速率不断降低。通道间距0.6 mm,壁厚从0.1 mm增加到0.2 mm时,壁面和反应后区域流体温度普遍下降;但当壁面厚度较大(≥0.3 mm)时,壁厚对流体及壁面温度的影响非常小。通道间距1.0 mm时,随着壁面厚度的增加,流体及壁面温度都越来越小。     

瞬态液晶技术在涡轮叶片内部冷却研究中的应用

瞬态液晶测量技术能有效测量物体表面的换热系数,目前已经在传热研究中得到了广泛的应用。本文重点介绍了该测量方法在高温涡轮叶片内部冷却传热研究中的实验过程及应用。对内部冷却U型通道的传热研究表明:气膜抽吸作用下,通道内孔附近的传热得到强化,但区域平均传热系数变化不大;同时抽吸能使带肋通道中的压力损失有所降低。为了满足叶片冷却设计中对传热和压力损失的不同要求,改变弯头区的结构形式是一种有效的手段。实验结果进一步表明,瞬态液晶测量方法能准确地测量内部冷却通道中的传热分布,能为测量和优化涡轮叶片内部冷却传热特性提供可靠的数据支持。     

变截面微小通道传热特性的研究

为研究变截面微小通道的流动和传热特性,设计了9种不同微小尺度的变截面通道。采用实验研究的方法,得出了流体在变截面微小通道中的传热特性以及与常规尺度通道的差异。分别比较了通道的进出口宽度比、通道的高宽比对变截面、微小尺度通道传热特性的影响。根据实验结果,得到了描述水在变截面微小通道中的流动及传热特性的无量纲关联式。     

离散倾斜肋的传热强化及流动特性

本文以高湿透平叶片中腔内部冷却为应用背景，对两相对壁面具有三维离散斜肋的方形收敛通道内的传热进行了实验研究。本文获得的详尽的局部换热系数图谱、平均换热系数及复杂的近壁流场，可用于强化传热的设计。     

横肋变截面U通道内换热特性的实验研究

本实验选取航空发动机涡轮叶片中段内部冷却通道为研究对象,对不同肋间距的横肋变截面U型通道的换热特性进行了研究。实验模型中,矩形肋对称布置在上下两个表面,肋高为1.5 mm,肋宽为2 mm,肋与流体流向夹角为90°。实验结果表明,当节距比为10时,通道的平均换热效果最佳,节距比为16.6时,通道的平均换热效果次之,节距比为13.3和20时,通道的平均换热效果相当,且较差。     

非对称纳米通道内流体流动与传热的分子动力学

采用分子动力学方法研究了流体在非对称浸润性粗糙纳米通道内的流动与传热过程,分析了两侧壁面浸润性不对称对流体速度滑移和温度阶跃的影响,以及非对称浸润性组合对流体内部热量传递的影响.研究结果表明,纳米通道主流区域的流体速度在外力作用下呈抛物线分布,但是纳米通道上下壁面浸润性不对称导致速度分布不呈中心对称,同时通道壁面的纳米结构也会限制流体的流动.流体在流动过程中产生黏性耗散,使流体温度升高.增强冷壁面的疏水性对近热壁面区域的流体速度几乎没有影响,滑移速度和滑移长度基本不变,始终为锁定边界,但是会导致近冷壁面区域的流体速度逐渐增大,对应的滑移速度和滑移长度随之增大.此时,近冷壁面区域的流体温度逐渐超过近热壁面区域的流体温度,流体出现反转温度分布,流体内部热流逆向传递.随着两侧壁面浸润性不对称程度增加,流体反转温度分布更加明显.     

Laminar Heat Transfer Augmentation through A Square Duct and Circular Tube Fitted with Twisted Tapes

Experimental studies on friction factor and heat transfer characteristics for the laminar flow of ethylene glycol in a square duct fitted with twisted tapes of different twist ratios under nearly uniform wall temperature conditions are reported in this article. The Nusselt numbers were found to be 5.44–7.49 and 2.46–4.87 times that of plain square duct forced convection values based on constant flow rate and constant pumping power criteria, respectively, for y = 2.66. The augmented friction factor and Nusselt number for a square duct is about 1.9 and 2.10 times higher than that for an augmented circular tube.     

方形通道内非牛顿流体的强化传热

对非牛顿流体在小尺寸方形通道内的低雷诺数受迫对流传热进行了实验研究。实验用介质为１５００ｗｐｐｍＣａｒｂｏｐｏｌ－９３４中性水溶液。通道顶壁受到等热流加热。结果表明，流体粘弹性与传热的相互作用取决于雷诺数的大小。当表观雷诺数Ｒｅ＞１１．５时，非牛顿流体开始强化对流传热。Ｒｅ数越高，传热强化的程度越大。流体的阻力系数则几乎不受粘弹性的影响。     

b／a＝0．5的椭圆形通道内非牛顿流体的强化传热

对非牛顿流体在小尺寸椭圆形通道内的层流受迫对流传热进行了实验研究。实验介质为１５００Ｗｐｐｍ的Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ－９３４中性水溶液。采用直接通电的方法对管壁四周等热流加热。结果表明，椭圆通道内，非牛顿流体Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ水溶液的换热强于牛顿流体水，约高出水５０％左右，说明粘弹性流体在椭圆形通道内也产生二次流并能强化换热；与同种浓度的Ｃａｒｂｏｐｏｌ水溶液在方形通道内的换热结果相比，椭圆通道内的换热高于方形通道。流体的压力降则不受粘弹性的影响，仍符合幂律流体的阻力系数关系式（ｆ＝１６／Ｒｅ＊）。     

Experimental Study of CuO/Water Nanofluid Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer in Square Cross-section Duct

Ducts with a square cross-section are widely used in many industrial applications because of their high compactness, easy forming, and low pressure drop. But the thermal performance of a duct will be reduced when the circular cross-sectional shape is not used. In this study, the convective heat transfer for a CuO/water nanofluid through a square cross-section duct in the turbulent flow regime has been investigated. The Nusselt number of nanofluids for different nanoparticle concentrations, as well as various Peclet numbers, was obtained. The results show considerable enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number by increasing the nanoparticle concentrations as well as the Peclet number.     

单螺旋槽套管式冷凝器结构参数优化研究

本文在综合考虑传热性能和摩擦阻力等因素的基础上,对单螺旋槽套管式冷凝器的结构进行了优化和研究。分析研究了单螺旋槽管的直径、节距和槽深等结构参数对凝结传热与阻力性能的影响,得到在给定工况范围内的最佳结构参数。     

Interacting twisted and untwisted scalar fields in a nonsimply connected space-time

Interacting twisted and untwisted scalar fields are studied in a non-Minkowskian space-time with the topology S¹ × R³. Renormalization of the theory is discussed, and the oneloop effective potential is calculated and used to discuss symmetry breaking and mass generation as a consequence of the non-trivial topology. It is found that an interaction between the twisted and untwisted fields can lead to symmetry breaking.     

Numerical and Experimental Comparative Study on Nanofluids Flow and Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Triangular Duct

Numerical and experimental investigation is carried out to study the effect of combined vortex generator and nanofluids on turbulent heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in an equilateral triangular duct. A triangular duct provides a lower heat transfer rate and lower pressure drop compared to other duct configurations. The improvement of heat transfer of these ducts increases their importance for providing higher heat transfer and lower pressure drop. Two different types of nanoparticles, namely Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, suspended in distilled water with two particle concentrations are successfully prepared and experimentally tested. The numerical and experimental results show dramatic heat transfer enhancement by using a vortex generator and nanofluids, simultaneously accomplished with a moderate increase in the friction factor. A low deviation has been seen between the present numerical and experimental results.     

Synchronization of optical polarization conversion and scattering in chiral fibers

We demonstrate that polarization transformation and scattering in adiabatically twisted single-mode birefringent optical fibers is synchronized so that light in one evolving elliptically polarized mode is freely transmitted while orthogonally polarized light is scattered out of the fiber. Thus, linearly polarized radiation initially oriented along the fast axis of the untwisted fiber is transformed to circularly polarized light with the same sense of rotation as the twisted fiber and is scattered out of the fiber. When the fiber twist is first accelerated and then decelerated, the fiber becomes a broadband, low-insertion-loss, linear polarizer.     

Heat transfer characteristics of decaying swirl flow through a circular tube with co/counter dual twisted-tape swirl generators

The influence of co/counter dual-twisted tapes (CoT/CT) on heat transfer rate in a circular tube has been investigated experimentally. In the experiment, the dual-twisted tapes are placed at the entry of the test tube in two arrangements: (1) each of dual twisted tape was twisted in the same direction that can produce co-swirl flow at the entry and (2) each of dual twisted tape was twisted in the opposite direction that can produce counter-swirl flow. Dual tapes were twisted in three different twist ratios (y/w = 3, 4, and 5) for generating different swirl intensities at the entry of the test section while the single twisted tape (ST) was also the test for comparison. The aim at using the dual twisted tapes is to create co/counter-rotating swirl flows having a significant influence on the flow turbulence intensity at the entry section leading to higher heat transfer enhancement. Average Nusselt numbers of CoT/CT are determined and also compared with those obtained from other similar cases, i.e., ST. The experimental results on the heat transfer rates indicated that the tubes with the dual twisted tapes (CoT/CT) are higher than those with the single tape at the entry section (x/D = 0 to 10). The heat transfer rates at longer distance became lower due to high interaction of each swirl. In addition, the mean Nusselt number and friction factor for the swirl generator created by the CT is nearly similar to CoT results.     

超临界二氧化碳在突扩管中对流换热的流动特性研究

对流动分岔后的超临界二氧化碳在平面对称突扩管中进行强迫对流换热进行了数值模拟,研究了热流密度在流体发生流动分岔现象后流动特性的影响。计算结果表明:随着热流密度的增加,临界雷诺数和转换雷诺数减小,流动稳定性遭到削弱;对应于相同的雷诺数,由于流动分岔引起的不对称压力分布随着热流密度的增加对应于突扩管上、下半部有不同变化规律,这使得对应回流区的大小分别减小和增大。