氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铀矿石中的锗元素

建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铀矿石中锗元素的方法,使用HNO_3-HF-H_2SO_4-H_3PO_4混酸体系消解样品,对铀矿石中的微量Ge元素进行分析,方法检出限为0.024μg/g,样品相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.4%。通过与标准值比对,结果准确度令人满意,未知样品加标回收率在98.4%~103%。可以作为实验室日常分析含铀矿石中微量Ge元素的参考方法。     

Carius管密封溶样-等离子体质谱法测定环境样品中镓、锗、砷、硒、镉、锡、锑、碲、汞、铅和铋

利用Carius管密封溶样技术,建立了王水分解-等离子体质谱直接测定环境样品中Ga,Ge,As,Se,Cd,Sn,Sb,Te,Hg,Pb和Bi的分析方法。在190℃下加热分解样品,稀释后可直接进行元素的分析测定。仪器测量时,乙醇不仅对As,Se和Te的检测信号有较明显的增敏作用,而且对复合离子ArCl+的形成还有一定的抑制作用。实验发现,3%乙醇增敏效果最好,分析信号强度可提高2～4倍。基于样品流程空白,所得方法检出限(3σ,DF=1000)为0.001μg/g(Cd)～0.281μg/g(Pb)。本方法应用于一系列土壤和水系沉积物国家标准物质,所得分析结果与推荐值相吻合,方法精度(RSD,n=3)优于5%。     

交流电弧原子发射光谱法测定地质样品中的微量银

采用交流电弧原子发射光谱法测定地质样品中的微量银。当样品中的锰含量大于0.3%时,锰对在谱线Ag 328.068nm处的测定干扰严重。试验中以Ge 303.910nm为内标,Ag 338.289nm为分析谱线。银的检出限(3s)为0.026μg·g-1。使用该方法测定标准物质,测定值与标示值的相对偏差在12%之内,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=12)在3.7%~12%之间。     

封闭酸溶样ICP-MS法直接测定地质样品中镓、铟、铊、锗

采用封闭酸溶的低空白、元素挥发少的特点以及ICP-MS多元素同时分析的优势,建立了封闭酸溶样ICP-MS法直接测定稀散元素Ga,In,Tl,Ge的分析方法。考察了实验过程中的水、气以及试剂空白对元素信号的影响情况;对比了敞开酸溶、封闭酸溶与微波消解3种样品消解效果;探讨了各元素分析同位素的选择及其质谱干扰校正。在优化的实验条件下,Ga,In,Tl和Ge方法检出限分别为0.78,0.05,0.04和0.06μg/g。测定了GSR系列12个国家标准物质中的Ga,Ge,In,Tl,各元素测定值均与其推荐值吻合,RSD(n=5)均在8%以内。     

微波消解ICP-MS测定大葱中微量元素含量

建立大葱中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu等4种元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定方法。样品采用微波消解,以Ge为内标,ICP-MS测定各元素含量。结果表明,该法精密度RSD值1.01%~1.33%,回收率98.8%~101.5%,检出限0.013~0.035?g/m L。该法灵敏、准确、快捷,符合大葱中微量元素测定要求。     

微波消解ICP-MS快速测定生物样品中的多种元素

建立了微波辅助HNO3消解样品,ICP-MS快速测定生物样品中Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ge、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、I、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb、Bi共21种微量及痕量元素。通过在线加入内标来校正基体效应和信号漂移对测量所造成的影响。各元素线性相关系数在0.9990以上,RSD小于6.0%。用本方法对国家标准样品GBW07601a(头发),GBW10010(大米),GBW10016(茶叶),GBW10023(紫菜)进行分析,结果满意。方法能满足生物样品痕量分析的要求。     

微分脉冲极谱法测定锌电解液中微量锗

选用HClO_4-EDTA-茜素红-V(Ⅳ)体系,在悬汞电极上采用微分脉冲极谱法测定湿法炼锌电解液中的微量Ge,实验结果表明:Ge在HClO_4介质下和茜素红-V(Ⅳ)发生络合反应产生灵敏度极高的极谱波,峰电位为-0.424 V。Ge质量浓度在0.13~20μg/L范围内与相应峰电流有良好的线性关系,检出限为2.3 nmol/L,其相对标准偏差为0.014%~1.2%,回收率为98.1%~102.4%。方法可应用于湿法炼锌电解液中微量锗的测定。     

ICP-AES法测定烟花爆竹中禁限用药物

以5%HNO3处理烟花爆竹内药物样品,以ICP-AES法测定样品中K、Na、P、Mg、Ba、Cu、B、Sr、Sb、Ga、Ge、Al、Ti、Mn、Pb、As 16种元素。比较了不同酸、不同浓度时样品的处理方法,5%HNO3为最佳样品处理条件。对4个不同厂家产品进行了测定和加标回收研究,测定结果的相对标准差小于5%(n=5),各元素的回收率在93.4%～114.3%之间。     

灰化消解-极谱法测定油料中五个重金属元素

建立了灰化消解-极谱法测定油样中镉、铅、铜、镍、钴等5种微量重金属元素的含量.油料样品通过灰化法消解后,用极谱法在乙酸-乙酸盐缓冲溶液和磺基水杨酸-磷酸-氨水体系中测定5种重金属元素的含量.5种微量重金属元素的检出限为1.3×10-4～9.8×10-4 g·L-1,加标回收率为90%～106%,相对标准偏差为0.22%～3.16%.     

原子荧光光谱法测定尿中微量砷元素

建立了测定尿中微量砷元素含量的原子荧光光谱法。以硝酸–高氯酸(4∶1)混合液消解样品,加入5%的硫脲–抗坏血酸混合液还原样品消解液,将处理好的样品导入原子荧光仪进行测定,荧光强度I_f与砷元素质量浓度c线性相关,线性方程为I_f=178.351c+3.131,相关系数为0.999 8,砷的检出限为0.024 3μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.0%~4.1%(n=9),加标回收率为100%~104%。该法样品处理简便,适于大批量尿样中砷含量的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.