顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定盐酸雷尼替丁中二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的残留量

采用顶空液相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术测定雷尼替丁中二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的残留量。自制了萃取液保护装置。考察了萃取溶剂的种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取液的体积对二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷萃取效果的影响。以正十三烷为萃取剂,在60 ℃下萃取30 min,萃取液滴体积2 μL。二氯甲烷含量在1～10 μg/g范围内与色谱峰高呈线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.9733;三氯甲烷含量在1～10 μg/g范围内与色谱峰高呈线性关系,r2为0.9724。二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的最低检出限分别为0.0273 μg/g和0.0410 μg/g,加标回收率分别为93.6%～102%和98.1%～103%。方法简便易行,测定结果准确。     

大肠杆菌异源表达pmoB及催化甲烷氧化生成甲醇的研究

颗粒甲烷单加氧酶(pMMO)是甲烷氧化菌中催化甲烷氧化生成甲醇的一种酶.Methylococcus capsulatus IMV3021的pMMO活性位点是pmoB亚基,该亚基是一种可溶性蛋白.我们研究将pmoB亚基进行异源表达及生物催化活性的验证.当培养基中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)浓度为5 mmol/L时,可以观察到异源表达pmoB亚基具有催化甲烷氧化成甲醇活性,生成甲醇浓度为1.04 mmol/L.研究pMMO活性对于开发能直接将甲烷转化成甲醇的新型、环保催化剂有非常重要意义.     

顶空气相色谱-质谱法同时测定地表水中的五种挥发性有机化合物

建立了顶空气相色谱-质谱检测地表水中三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三溴甲烷五种挥发性有机化合物残留量的方法,选择离子扫描模式(SIM)检测,方法的检出限为1.2μg/L,在10~200μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9992,在加标回收实验中,三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三溴甲烷的加标回收率分别为99.2%,100.1%,95.9%,99.1%,96.7%,该方法灵敏度高,分离效果良好,能有效地消除复杂基质带来的干扰,可以作为地表水中三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三溴甲烷残留量的检测和确证方法。     

苯乙烯生物催化氧化制环氧苯乙烷的研究

1.引言 单加氧酶是氧化还原酶的一类,因其能够活化分子氧并将其中一个氧原子插入到有机化合物中而引起广泛的研究兴趣。甲烷单加氧酶广泛存在于多种烷烃氧化菌、烯烃氧化菌和酵母等微生物中。已经发现、甲烷单加氧酶在细胞中负责将甲烷转变成甲醇(图1)。 此外,甲烷单加氧酶能催化氧化相当多的化合物,其中许多反应都是化学上不易实现的。例如,C_1—C_8烷烃的羟化,C_2—C_4烯烃的环氧化等等。该酶作为催化剂突出的优点还在于它在催化氧化时表现出的高立体选择性,其酶促过程往往可以获得有光学活性的产品。从     

PW11Cu/TiO2膜光催化剂的制备及可见光催化性能

以PW₁₁Cu为可见光活性组分,TiO₂为载体结构组分,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PW₁₁Cu/TiO₂复合膜可见光催化剂,并用UV-Vis DRS、IR、Raman、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对催化剂的光吸收性质、化学组成、晶相、表面结构和形貌进行了表征,同时,以模型污染物RhB的可见光降解为探针评估了它的光催化活性,考察了膜处理温度、PW₁₁Cu含量和溶液酸性对催化活性的影响,最后,通过催化剂循环降解RhB试验评估了PW₁₁Cu/TiO₂膜的稳定性。实验结果表明,PW₁₁Cu/TiO₂膜对可见光有明显吸收,低温(100℃)处理的膜为无定形态,高温(500℃)处理的膜为多晶态;低温处理的膜具有较高的可见光催化活性,用于RhB的可见光催化降解,在中性条件下反应80 min,RhB的降解率为100%,TOC去除达32%(4 h);提高溶液酸性有利于催化剂活性的提高,在pH=2.5的条件下,达到100%的RhB降解仅需30 min。在本实验条件下,PW₁₁Cu的最佳剂量是3.0 g。经过10次循环降解RhB,催化剂的光催化活性仍保留约90%。     

PW11Cu/TiO2膜光催化剂的制备及可见光催化性能

以PW₁₁Cu为可见光活性组分, TiO₂为载体结构组分, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PW₁₁Cu/TiO₂复合膜可见光催化剂, 并用UV-Vis DRS、IR、Raman、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对催化剂的光吸收性质、化学组成、晶相、表面结构和形貌进行了表征, 同时, 以模型污染物RhB的可见光降解为探针评估了它的光催化活性, 考察了膜处理温度、PW₁₁Cu含量和溶液酸性对催化活性的影响, 最后, 通过催化剂循环降解RhB试验评估了PW₁₁Cu/TiO₂膜的稳定性。实验结果表明, PW₁₁Cu/TiO₂膜对可见光有明显吸收, 低温(100 ℃)处理的膜为无定形态, 高温(500 ℃)处理的膜为多晶态;低温处理的膜具有较高的可见光催化活性, 用于RhB的可见光催化降解, 在中性条件下反应80 min, RhB的降解率为100%, TOC去除达32%(4 h);提高溶液酸性有利于催化剂活性的提高, 在pH=2.5的条件下, 达到100%的RhB降解仅需30 min。在本实验条件下, PW₁₁Cu的最佳剂量是3.0 g。经过10次循环降解RhB, 催化剂的光催化活性仍保留约90%。     

纳米铁粉降解水中三硝基甲苯的条件优化与降解机理

研究了纳米铁粉降解水中三硝基甲苯(TNT)的影响因素;利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和紫外光谱分析了其降解机理.结果表明:将初始浓度为80.0mg/L、pH为4.00的TNT水溶液与5.0g/L的纳米铁粉在转速200r/min、温度40℃的振荡器中反应3h,水中TNT的浓度可降至0.1mg/L以下,降解率达到99%以上;就TNT的降解机理而言,其降解过程是纳米铁粉给出电子被氧化、TNT分子中的硝基接受电子被还原的过程.     

颗粒性甲烷单加氧酶分离纯化方法的研究进展

颗粒性甲烷单加氧酶(pMMO)是甲烷氧化菌的特征酶之一,在生物催化方面具有广泛的应用前景,但由于其内膜蛋白的性质以及纯化过程中的不稳定性,使其生物化学性质、金属活性位点等方面仍存在许多未知和争议.着重总结了颗粒性甲烷单加氧酶的分离纯化方法,并对其活性以及与甲烷氧化菌素-Cu(methanobactin-Cu)和其他物质之间的作用关系进行了概述,以促进颗粒性甲烷单加氧酶的深入研究和应用.     

挥发性有机物的气相光解及光催化降解研究

研究了三氯乙烯、丙酮、苯、甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳的气相光解及光催化反应,对反应过程中反应物及CO2的浓度进行了定量监测。结果表明,在253.7nm的紫外灯光照射下,三氯乙烯可迅速被光解,反应产生CO2;甲苯和丙酮蒸气也可以被光解,但不产生CO2;在空气介质中,除CCl4外,其它几种有机物均可被光催化降解。     

甲烷在6%Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上的低温转化 Catalytic Conversion of Methane at Low Temperature over 6%Zn/HZSM-5 Zeolite

 采用丙烷和甲烷混合物作为共反应物进行无氧芳构化反应. 在600 ℃,3000 h-1和甲烷/丙烷摩尔比为0.6的条件下,甲烷可以在6%Zn/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上被有效地活化,甲烷的转化率可达32.4%,丙烷的转化率为89.5%,反应的主要产物为芳烃,其选择性达到89.7%. 甲烷与丙烷的摩尔比对芳烃产物的选择性有影响. 在没有丙烷参与时该催化剂在600 ℃下对甲烷转化没有活性. 推测是丙烷脱氢或裂解过程的中间产物活化了甲烷. 低碳烷烃对甲烷的活化可能是实现甲烷低温转化的一条有效途径.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.