三烷基氧化膦中醇羟基的分光光度研究

三烷基氧化膦是用于处理高效废液的萃取剂。显著量的醇的存在有可能影响它的萃取性能。本文研究采用分光光度测定法，测定辐照前后的ＴＲＰＯＫ醇羟基的含量结果表明，ＴＲＰＯ中只有少量醇，而辐照亦未导致醇羟基含量的显著增加。     

三烷基氧化膦辐解产物的气相色谱研究

用高分辨率毛细管气相色谱法及等离子体光谱法研究了核工业领域应用的萃取剂三烷基氧化膦（ＴＲＰＯ）酸性含磷解产物。研究表明,在γ辐照条件下酸性辐解产物主要为二烷基膦酸、一烷基膦酸,磷酸及脂肪酸。其产额分别为０．５８、０．６７、０．０１４及０．５６。     

GC－FTIR法分析天然小茴挥发油

利用ＧＣ－ＦＴＩＲ联用仪分析了小茴挥发油的化学组成。本法经调整气相色谱和红外光谱仪条件，分离效果好，灵敏度高，鉴定出了α－蒎烯、柠檬烯、１，８－桉树脑、葑酮、十五烷、爱草脑、葑基乙酸酯、甲氧苯基丙酮、反式茴香脑等九种物质。ＧＣ－ＦＴＩＲ法可作为分析挥发油组成的一种有效方法。     

GC／FTIR与GC／MS法联合分析空气中有机污染物

本文采用气相色谱／傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ）和气相色谱／质谱（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）方法联用，分析了某工作间的空气污染物。通过仔细调整ＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ联用仪中ＧＣ和ＩＲ参数，使有机混合物得到了很好的分离。在未知物的鉴定中，以质谱法定性为主，红外光谱也发挥了特有的作用，使分析结果更加可靠。     

混合三烷基氧膦组成和性能的研究

用气相色谱和质谱法研究了7种不同产地的混合三烷基氧膦的组成，测试了其水洗液的pH值，在水和酸中的溶解率及温度与出现第二有机相的关系。这些数据对于该试剂用于溶剂萃取过程有参考价值。     

GC—FTIR法分析天然小茴挥发油

利用ＧＣ－ＦＴＩＲ联用仪分析了小茴挥发油的分学组成。本法经调整气相色谱和红外光谱仪条件，分离效果好，灵敏度高，鉴定出了α－蒎烯，柠檬烯，１－８－桉树脑，葑酮，十五烷，爱草脑，葑基乙酸酯，甲氧苯基丙酮，反式茴香脑九种物质。     

GC－FTIR联用技术测定水中有机污染物

采用毛细管气相色谱－博里叶变换红外光谱（ＧＣ－ＦＴＩＲ）技术对工业废水中的有机污染物进行了鉴定，井用气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）进行了对照。在分离出的２５个组分中，ＧＣ－ＦＴＩＲ发挥了能给出官能团信息和区别同分异构体的长处，而ＧＣ－ＭＳ则发挥了灵敏度高、能提供分子量信息和区别同系物的特点。两种技术的结合为环境有机污染物的检测提供了有力的手段     

辐照三烷基氧化膦萃取锶和铯的研究

研究了γ辐照后的３０％％ＲＰＯ－煤油－ＨＮＯ３体系萃取Ｓr和Ｃs的性能。利用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ及ＡＡＳ分别测定两相中Ｓr和Ｃs浓度，分配比。试验了辐照剂量对分配比的影响。结果表明，γ射线辐照对ＴＲＰＯ的萃取笥能无显著影响。     

三烷基氧膦（TRPO）辐射稳定性研究：辐解损失率的测定

三烷基氧膦是用于高放废液处理的萃取剂,本文试验了在辐照剂量为１×１０＾４Ｇｙ－１×１０＾６Ｇｙ时ＴＲＰＯ损失率。结果表明,１００％（Ｖ／Ｖ）ＴＲＰＯ在λ辐照剂量１０＾４Ｇｙ－１０＾６Ｇｙ变化时,辐解损失率为１．２％－１．６％;３０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）ＴＲＰＯ－煤油在辐照剂量１０＾４Ｇｙ－１０＾５Ｇｙ时,辐解损失率基本不变（０．３３％－０．３４％）,而在１×１０＾６Ｇｙ时增加到０．７７％。均低于磷酸三丁酯的     

等高线图分析技术在GC／FTIR联用数据处理中的应用

在三种高聚物的裂解大口径毛细管气相色谱－傅里叶变换红外光谱联用分析（ＰｙＷＢＣＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ）数据获得的基础上，介绍应用等高线图（ＣＴＤ）分析技术处理色谱重叠峰，并在该分析提供的信息指导下进行红外光谱累加及差减技术，获得了重叠峰中各纯物质较好信噪比的气相红外谱图并予以定性，显著了等高线图分析技术在联用数据中的优点，充分发挥了ＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ联用特有的光谱分离离度优势。     

γ辐照三烷基氧化膦的红外光谱研究

混合三烷基氧化膦（ＴＲＰＯ）是一种优良的镧系元素和镧元素萃取剂,已用于放废液的α核素的萃取分离。本文用傅里叶红外光谱法研究γ辐照的３０％ＴＰＯ－煤油－ＨＮＯ３体系的辐照稳定性,结果显示,该萃取剂对放射性辐射是稳定的,主要的辐解产物是硝基烷和羟酸。     

三烷基氧化膦及其萃合物的红外光谱研究

三烷基氧化膦是一种新型的镧系元素和锕系元素萃取剂，本文研究了其红外光谱特征及其与稀土元素和硝酸所形成的萃合物的红外光谱。     

辐照三烷基氧化膦在水相中溶解度的研究

三烷基氧化膦是镧系元素和锕系元素的高效萃取剂。本文用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定萃余水相中的磷,用以研究三烷基氧化膦在纯水、酸液及碱液中的溶解度。结果表明,随着γ射线辐照剂量的增加,三烷基氧化水膦在水相中溶解度增加,并且在碱液中有较高的溶解度,在纯水中有较低的溶解度。     

泡塑负载TRPO分离富集微量金

将三烷基氧化膦(TRPO)负载在泡沫塑料上制得了TRPO负载泡塑。以火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)为检测手段,研究了负载泡塑对微量金的静态吸附性能。建立了负载TRPO泡塑分离富集-FAAS测定微量金的方法。方法精密度(RSD,n=10)在1.23%—8.22%之间,通过对标准物质的分析,测量值与标准值基本一致。     

Visualizations of fluid flows in the TIG welding region for different shapes of the shield gas nozzle

Abstract  

The tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding enables to produce high welding qualities. However, it has some problems such as a large distortion and a shallow penetration into the welding parts. To overcome those problems, there have been many studies on A-TIG welding in which active flux and a shield gas are used. The shield gas pressure, velocity, and distribution area are dominant factors in producing better welding condition which can be evaluated by the gas penetration, the gap between the nozzle tip and welding plate and the nozzle shape of the shield gas. In this study, the influences of the shield gas distribution onto the melting efficiency and penetration shape in TIG welding were investigated using a numerical simulation. The gap distances between the nozzle tip and the welding plate were changed 3, 4, 5 mm and two nozzle shapes, convergent parallel (CP) and CDP, were tested. 100% Ar gas was used as the shield gas. CDP type nozzle showed deeper penetrations and higher melting efficiency compared to those of CD type and CP type nozzles.     

Radon measurements over a natural-gas contaminated aquifer

Radon and thoron concentrations in soil pores in a gas production region of the Anzoategui State, Venezuela, were determined by active and passive methods. In this region, water wells are contaminated by natural gas and gas leaks exist in the nearby river. Based on soil gas Radon data surface hydrocarbon seeps were identified. Radon and thoron concentration maps show anomalously high values near the river gas leaks decreasing in the direction of water wells where natural gas is also detected. The area where the highest concentrations of ²²²Rn were detected seems to indicate the surface projection of the aquifer contaminated with natural gas. The Radon/Thoron ratio revealed a micro-localized anomaly, indicating the area where the gas comes from deep layers of the subsoil. The radon map determined by the passive method showed a marked positive anomaly around abandoned gas wells. The high anomalous Radon concentration localized near the trails of ascending gas bubbles at the river indicates the zone trough where natural gases are ascending with greater ease, associated with a deep geological fault, being this the main source of methane penetration into the aquifer. It is suggested that the source of the natural gas may be due to leaks at deep sites along the structure of some of the abandoned wells located at the North-East of the studied area.     

分子发射光谱法测量微波等离子体气体温度

通过OH自由基A2Σ+→X2Π_r电子带系分子发射光谱测温法,实现了对氩气、氮气、空气三种大气压微波等离子体气体温度的测量。探究了不同微波功率、不同气体流量下气体温度的变化规律,测量了氮气、空气微波等离子体羽流的轴向温度分布。实验结果表明,不同工作条件下微波等离子体核心温度普遍超过2 000 K,空气微波等离子体可超过6 000 K;同样工作条件下三种微波等离子体气体温度满足：T_Ar<T_N2<T_Air;气体温度总体上随微波功率增加而小幅增加,随气体流量下降而小幅降低;氮气与空气等离子体羽流温度沿轴向迅速降低。为验证分子发射光谱测温法的准确性,以热电偶测温作为比对,对温度较低的介质阻挡放电氩气等离子体进行了温度测量,实验表明,分子发射光谱法与热电偶所测结果十分接近。     

Operational characteristics and power scaling of a transverse flow transversely excited CW CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> laser

Transverse flow transversely excited (TFTE) CO₂ lasers are easily scalable to multikilowatt level. The laser power can be scaled up by increasing the volumetric gas flow and discharge volume. It was observed in a TFTE CW CO₂ laser having single row of pins as an anode and tubular cathode that the laser power was not increasing when the discharge volume and the gas volumetric flow were increased by increasing the electrode separation keeping the gas flow velocity constant. The discharge voltage too remained almost constant with the change of electrode separation at the same gas flow velocity. This necessitated revision of the scaling laws for designing this type of high power CO₂ laser. Experimental results of laser performance for different electrode separations are discussed and the modifications in the scaling laws are presented.     

基于真实气体效应的湍流标度律特性

在量热完全气体、热完全气体和化学反应完全气体等3种气体模型假设下,利用Mach数为4.05、壁温为1 300 K的超声速槽道湍流的直接数值模拟（direct numerical simulation,DNS）结果,对标度律和自相似性做了详细分析.结果表明,不仅在量热完全气体模型下存在标度律和扩展自相似性,而且在热完全气体和化学反应完全气体模型下标度律和扩展自相似性仍然成立.压缩性的影响使得速度结构函数通过Favre平均获得更为合适.与热完全气体模型的结果相比,化学反应完全气体和量热完全气体模型的结果吻合更好.