变螺距高速诱导轮的汽蚀特性

为明确前置变螺距诱导轮对离心泵汽蚀性能的影响,对前置变螺距的离心泵全流道进行了数值计算。计算时基于SIMPLEC算法,采用了雷诺时均N-S控制方程和修正了的k-ε湍流模型。通过计算,得出了前置变螺距诱导轮使离心泵叶轮的整体压力得到提高的结论;得到了诱导轮与离心泵叶轮易发生汽蚀的关键位置;得到了各工况下汽蚀余量的性能曲线图。通过不带诱导轮和前置诱导轮的离心泵外特性实验,揭示了前置变螺距诱导轮提高离心泵汽蚀性能的特性;通过实验与计算结果的比较,得出了在设计点处可以用数值计算结果来预测实验结果的结论。     

孔板厚度对平衡型节流器件流场特性影响

平衡型节流器件是一种新型非标准节流装置,在流体流量测量上具有一定的优势。采用数值模拟方法,分析了孔板厚度对平衡型节流器件流场特性的影响。结果表明:节流件的孔板厚度存在优选值,随着孔板厚度的增大,流出系数逐渐增大且趋于定值,而压降损失逐渐减小且最终也趋于定值。     

离心泵流量突增过程瞬态流动研究

为研究离心泵流量突增过程所表现的外部瞬态水力特性及其内部流动机理,对离心泵在管路阀门突然开启条件下的特性进行数值模拟和实验研究。测试了不同稳定流量下的离心泵外特性和内流场,验证了稳态工况下的仿真结果。在稳态实验与仿真的基础上,利用分离涡模型(DES)对离心泵流量突增过程的流场进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,流量突增的瞬态过程的流量-扬程曲线明显偏离稳态值,其主要原因是流量变化引起的流体加速效应及泵内的旋涡结构的不断演化。     

超低比转速高速诱导轮离心泵的不稳定控制与试验研究

分析了超低比转速高速诱导轮高心泵容易产生不稳定特性的原因和机理，并提出了控制措施，试验表明采用合理设计复合叶轮等过流部件以及在诱导轮和离心轮前加孔板能够使高速泵获得稳定的扬程流量特性线．     

离心泵前置导叶的正交优化设计

为研究前置导叶各设计参数对离心泵水力性能的影响,对一IS系列离心泵运用二元理论自编程序完成其前置导叶的水力设计。应用L_9(3~4)正交表,选取导叶轮毂半径r、长宽比R_(1b)、安放角分布规律n及出口边速度环量C_ur为设计参数,对其进行4因素3水平正交设计并得到9组导叶。对加装导叶的离心泵进行全流道数值计算,以扬程和水力效率为考察目标并利用极差方法分析影响其水力性能的主次因素,得到最佳方案。对最佳方案下导叶进行加工并试验,结果表明:数值模拟与试验结果基本吻合,综合优化后相比于未加装导叶的离心泵,加装导叶时离心泵扬程变化不大,水力效率提高1.43%,轴功率减少了0.83 kW,总能耗节能约2.06%,同时验证了正交优化方法的可行性及可靠性。     

叶顶端板对H型风力机气动特性与三维绕流场的影响

本文采用笛卡尔动网格方法数值模拟研究了叶顶端板对H型垂直轴风力机非定常气动特性与三维黏性绕流场的影响。选用SST湍流模型,假设全流场为湍流流动。叶尖速比为1.86~2.57,以实验模型为研究对象,对未加装叶顶端板的H型风力机进行了三维数值模拟研究。在实验模型的基础上给每个叶片的顶部分别加装了端板,采用同样的数值模拟方法,选择低、中、高三个叶尖速比研究了带有叶顶端板的H型风力机的三维非定常气动特性。利用不带端板和带有端板的风力机模型计算得到的功率系数与实验数据进行了比较,讨论了单个叶片和风轮载荷沿周向的变化,分析了一个旋转周期叶顶附近相对速度的变化规律,揭示了加装端板后风力机气动载荷提高的原因。     

基于数值计算的斜流泵级性能改进

采用CFD数值模拟的方法对斜流泵级内部三维紊流流场进行计算,预测了其效率-流量、扬程-流量特性,并与实验结果进行了对比验证。根据得到的流场结果,通过斜流泵级水力尺寸改进-数值模拟分析的循环工作,在最终改进的斜流泵级预测流场中减少了泵内流场的漩涡运动,避免了出口回流的产生,削弱了叶顶间隙泄漏涡,提高了斜流泵级的效率,改进了能量特性,得到了斜流泵级改进前后流场与效率的对比。     

爆炸冲击波作用下预制孔靶板塑性变形规律的研究

利用非线性动力学软件AUTODYN,对爆炸冲击波作用下无孔及预制孔靶板的塑性变形进行了数值模拟,获得了不同孔数、孔径情况下靶板中心点挠度的变化规律;设计了模型实验,其结果与数值结果符合较好;并以爆炸冲击波作用下无孔靶板中心点挠度计算公式和数值计算结果为基础,通过拟合给出了预制孔靶板中心点挠度与孔密度、孔径之间的函数关系,该关系可为有孔平板目标的毁伤评估及破片、冲击波对平板目标联合毁伤研究提供参考。     

前缘弯掠影响子午加速风机内流的研究

本文采用三维Navier-stokes方程和k-ε两方程湍流模型,对前缘弯掠子午加速风机的内部流场进行数值分析。通过实验数据、设计参数与计算结果对比,验证数值方法模拟该转子内流场的可靠性。研究揭示了前缘弯掠叶轮的流动机制:前缘弯掠叶轮消除了基准叶轮前缘存在的回流,将端壁区域的低能流体吸收到叶片中部高能主流中,减弱了端部低能流体的聚集,从而减弱了流动损失和流动阻塞,前缘弯掠叶轮出口尾迹衰减比基准叶轮快。证明前缘弯掠改善了叶轮内流及前缘弯掠设计的有效性。发现弯掠叶片的静子在小流量工况,其叶片吸力面附近端壁的低能流体被主流携带往下游的二次流特征,改善了小流量工况下静叶的内流状态。     

离心泵启动过程内部瞬态流动的二维数值模拟

为分析离心泵启动过程外部瞬态特性的内流机理,建立求解叶轮启动和加速过程泵内部非定常流动的数值模拟方法,以二维离心泵为模型进行启动过程内部流动的数值模拟研究.以绝对坐标系描述伞场流动,采用动网格方法实现离心泵启动过程中叶轮加速旋转引起的流场变形,选用人涡模拟(LES)描述湍流.分析了叶轮启动过程巾内部非定常流动结构和演化过程及其与外部瞬态特性的关系,并与准稳态假设下的流动模拟结果进行了对比分析,定性地分析了离心泵在启动过程中的瞬态效应,验证了采用动网格方法求解启动过程瞬态流动的可行性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.