不同湍流模型对圆射流数值模拟的讨论

采用FLUENT软件,选择Spalart-Allmaras模型,标准κ-ε模型以及RNG κ-ε模型对气体无限空间淹没湍流圆射流进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果与理论分析及实验测量方法所得结果进行比较.结果表明,三种模型都能较好反映射流规律,但计算数值与理论值和实测值有所差异,标准κ-ε模型的模拟效果最好.     

气冷涡轮环形叶栅三维流场的实验与数值研究

采用4种不同的湍流模型对叶片表面带小孔射流的环形涡轮叶栅内部流场进行数值计算,并与热线实验测量结果进行了对比.结果表明,由于射流尾迹的影响,在射流附近靠近壁面处产生二次流,二次流随着射流下游距离的增大逐渐减弱.比较不同湍流模型的计算结果发现,采用κ-ε模型在射流尾迹区域和与主流掺混区域的计算结果与实验吻合较好,B-L模型在近壁面的速度计算结果偏大,其对尾迹区域二次流的捕捉也较差.     

湍流空气自由射流引射特性的比较研究

对商用CFD软件中的四种湍流模型给出的湍流空气自由射流引射特性计算结果进行了比较,并将采用四种湍流模型计算获得的射流引射量计算数据与文献报道的采用多孔壁技术获得的射流引射量实验数据进行了对比,结果表明：在四种湍流模型中,标准K—ε湍流模型给出的湍流空气自由射流引射规律与实验数据较好符合。本文还选用标准K—ε湍流模型对欠...     

曳力和湍流对超临界水流化床传热特性的影响

本文采用基于颗粒动力学的欧拉双流体模型,对比研究了曳力和湍流对超临界水流化床传热特性的影响,选取了Gidaspow、Syamlal-O'Brien和Wen-Yu三种曳力模型以及标准κ-ε、RNGκ-ε、Realizableκ-ε湍流模型三种高Re数湍流模型及低Re数κ-ε湍流模型。研究结果表明,在三种曳力模型中,Gidaspow曳力模型在超临界水流化床中更为适用;对于所采用的四种κ-ε湍流模型,利用三种高雷诺数湍流模型模拟所得床层与壁面间传热系数基本一致且大于采用低雷诺数模型模拟所得传热系数,而综合考虑,RNGκ-ε湍流模型更适于超临水流化床传热特性的研究。     

单圆弧直列扩压叶栅中三维湍流流动的数值计算

本文采用k-ε湍流模型,应用了“抛物化”的方法,对直列扩压叶栅中三维湍流流动进行了数值计算。与“准层流”模型计算及实验结果比较表明,在叶栅的湍流流动计算中,κ-ε模型将是比较适合的。     

二气门汽油机缸内冷态流场的大涡模拟

通过修改发动机多维CFD计算程序KIVA-3V,建立了内燃机缸内冷态流场的大涡模拟(LES)计算模型。利用此模型对二气门汽油机进气与压缩过程中缸内流场进行了详细分析,并与κ-ε、RNGκ-ε模型进行了比较。结果表明与采用κ-ε、RNGκ-ε模型计算时相比,采用LES计算时显示了更为复杂的湍流结构。同时,采用LES计算时除能得到有序的大尺度涡团结构外,还能捕捉到大量不规则的小涡团结构,而采用κ-ε、RNGκ-ε模型进行计算时,基本上捕捉不到不规则的小涡团结构。     

冲击高度对淹没冲击射流影响的数值预测

采用标准κ-ε模型和壁面函数法,对淹没液体射流冲击平板的半封闭流场进行了数值模拟,将不同冲击高度下的计算结果与激光多普勒测速仪的测量结果进行了比较,评价了标准κ-ε模型的预测性能,重点分析了冲击高度对液体冲击射流的影响,验证了冲击射流中环形回流区的存在,并根据数值模拟结果给出了回流中心位置随冲击高度的变化特征,得到与试验相一致的结果。     

均匀入口鼓泡流化床的TFM及DEM模拟

分别运用双流体模型（TFM）及离散元模型（DEM）的软球模型，模拟了二维及三维实验尺度的均匀入口鼓泡流化床内的气固两相流动特性，其中TFM模型结合了气相κ-ε湍流模型，而DEM模型则结合气相κ-ε湍流模型或Smagorinsky亚网格涡黏模型（SGS）。通过对比本文模拟结果与他人实验及计算结果发现，TFM与DEM软球模...     

关于自由射流计算的两点考虑

本文用Multi-Block算法和标准的κ-ε模型计算轴对称自由射流,计算中发现:(1)不同的纵向网格宽度比(疏密度比)会导致不同的扩张速率的计算结果。(2)在相同的网格疏密度比下,由于不同喷管长度L带来的射流上游进口的湍流结构的变化与下游射流扩张速率有清晰的关联。     

垂直管内油水分散流的数值研究

建立封闭的双流体模型并对垂直管内油水分散流进行了数值模拟,采用κ-ε模型处理连续相的湍流结构。模型预测结果与实验数据的比较结果表明,该模型能较好地模拟垂直管湍流分散流的局部相含率分布和速度分布。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.