基于USB技术的毛细管电泳仪的改进

高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)具有进样量少、绝对灵敏度高、分辨率高等特点,在生命科学、医学、化工、药物分析、食品、环境保护等领域得到广泛应用。1987年Ewing首次将电化学检测技术(EC)用于毛细管电泳(CE),克服了光学检测光程短、灵敏度不高的缺点,具有广泛的应用前景[1-2]。本工作     

Multicomponent quantitative resolution of binary mixtures by using continuous wavelet transform

Continuous 1-dimensional wavelet transform (WT) was applied to the quantitative analysis of a vitamin combination of thiamine hydrochloride (THI) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PYR) with strongly overlapping signals. Absorbance data from the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of width 1150 were subjected to Gauss1 and Gauss2 WTs. Because of its flexibility, data processing, and its high signal amplitude, the continuous WT method is a powerful tool for analysis of multicomponent mixtures. By measuring the amplitude signals corresponding to the selected zero-crossing points of the transformed signal, we obtained the calibration curve. The validation of the calibration graphs was confirmed with different mixtures of THI and PYR at various concentration ratios. A brief explanation of the continuous wavelet method is given. MATLAB 6.5 software was used to perform the calculations. The results of our study were compared with those obtained by spectroscopic, chemometric, and liquid chromatographic methods, and good agreement was found.     

多道ICP-AES与瞬时进样技术在线联用的信号采集和处理

报道了一种适用于多道ICP-AES和多种瞬时进样技术在线联用的信号采集、处理方法及相应软件.该方法适用范围较宽,已成功地用于4种不同联用技术的信号检测.     

A digital Compton suppression spectroscopy without gamma-ray coincidence-summing loss using list-mode multispectral data acquisition

The study demonstrates the advantages of an innovative list-mode multispectral data acquisition system that allows simultaneous creation of several different single, summed, coincident and anticoincident spectra with a single measurement. One of the consequences of list-mode data file offline processing is a reconstructed spectrum with Compton continuum suppression and without any full-energy peak efficiency deduction owing to true coincidence summing. The spectrometer is designed to read out analogue signal from preamplifier of gamma-ray detectors and to digitalize it using DGF/Pixie-4 software and card package (XIA LLC). This is realized by converting an Ortec Compton suppression data acquisition system into an all-digital spectrometer. Instead of using its timing electronic chain to determine the coincidence event, the analog signals from primary and guard detectors were connected directly into the Pixie-4 card for pulse height and time coincident measurement by individually logging and time stamping each electronic pulse. The data acquired in list-mode included coincidence and anticoincidence events consisting of records of energy and timestamp from primary and guard detectors. Every event was stored in a text file for offline processing and spectral reconstruction. A sophisticated computer simulation was also created with the goals of obtaining a better understanding of the experimental results and calculating efficiency.     

SigmaPlot在化学实验教学中的应用

介绍了SigmaPlot处理实验数据的方法和结果,并与手工作图的结果进行了比较。结果表明,用SigmaPlot对实验数据作线性回归处理,不仅方便快捷,减少数据处理的误差,而且可提高分析结果的准确度。     

A maximum information utilization approach in X-ray fluorescence analysis

X-ray fluorescence data bases have significant contradictions, and inconsistencies. We have identified that the main source of the contradictions, after the human factors, is rooted in the signal processing approaches. We have developed signal processors to overcome many of the problems by maximizing the information available to the analyst. These non-paralyzable, fully digital signal processors have yielded improved resolution, line shape, tailing and pile up recognition. The signal processors account for and register all events, sorting them into two spectra, one spectrum for the desirable or accepted events, and one spectrum for the rejected events. The information contained in the rejected spectrum is mandatory to have control over the measurement and to make a proper accounting and allocation of the events. It has established the basis for the application of the fundamental parameter method approach. A fundamental parameter program was also developed. The primary X-ray line shape (Lorentzian) is convoluted with a system line shape (Gaussian) and corrected for the sample material absorption, X-ray absorbers and detector efficiency. The peaks also can have, a lower and upper energy side tailing, including the physical interaction based long range functions. It also employs a peak and continuum pile up and can handle layered samples of up to five layers. The application of a fundamental parameter method demands the proper equipment characterization. We have also developed an inverse fundamental parameter method software package for equipment characterisation. The program calculates the excitation function at the sample position and the detector efficiency, supplying an internally consistent system.     

Performance of a sound card as data acquisition system and a lock-in emulated by software in capillary electrophoresis

The performance of fluorescence detectors in capillary electrophoresis is maximized when the excitation light intensity is modulated in time with optimal frequencies. This is especially true when photomultiplier tubes are used to detect the fluorescent light. The photomultiplier tube amplified raw output signal can in principle be captured directly by a personal computer sound card (PCSC) and processed by a lock-in emulated by software. This possibility is demonstrated in the present work and the performance of this new setup is compared with a traditional data acquisition system. The results obtained with this “PCSC and lock-in emulated by software” were of the same quality or even better compared to that obtained by conventional time integrators (Boxcars) and data acquisition boards. With PCSC the limits of detection (LOD) found for both naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde-derivatized tyrosine and alanine were 3.3 and 3.5 fmol (injection of 5 nL of samples at 0.66 and 0.70 μmol/L), respectively. This is at least three times better compared to conventional systems when light emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as the excitation source in fluorescence detectors. The PCSC linear response range was also larger compared to conventional data acquisition boards. This scheme showed to be a practical and convenient alternative of data acquisition and signal processing for detection systems used in capillary electrophoresis.     

Automated determination of tin and nickel in brass by on-line anodic electrodissolution and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

The application of an on-line metallic alloy dissolution system using anodic electrodissolution in a flow injection system for the determination of tin and nickel in copper alloys is described. After the electrolyzed material was collected in the autosampler cup, determination was carried out using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Using specific software developed in Turbo Pascal 7.0, it is possible to control electrolysis time, intensity of the applied current, and triggering of the three-way solenoid valves that push the fluids. Through manipulation of these variables, it is possible to adjust the analytical signal to within the working range of the spectrometer. Calibration of the spectrometer was accomplished by processing reference material. For tin, relative standard deviations for a series of measurements (n=5) performed on the same point and on different points of the sample was smaller than 2 and 4%, respectively; for nickel, 2 and 5%, respectively. The results for tin and nickel were in good agreement with those obtained through application of the classical methodology, as well as with data obtained by optical emission spectrometry. The detection limit for tin was 0.001% (w/w), whereas for nickel it was 0.003% (w/w). The analytical throughput is 30 samples h⁻¹.     

椅式环己烷三维结构模型在SigmaPlot软件中的实现

通过SigmaPlot软件的应用实例,介绍了该软件的三维、二维离散数据绘图功能,研究了构造模型的方法、操作步骤。结果表明,利用该软件的绘图功能可成功构造椅式环己烷三维结构模型,并且给出此模型在不同平面上的投影图。