Fractional differential equations and Lyapunov functionals

We consider a scalar fractional differential equation, write it as an integral equation, and construct several Lyapunov functionals yielding qualitative results about the solution. It turns out that the kernel is convex with a singularity and it is also completely monotone, as is the resolvent kernel. While the kernel is not integrable, the resolvent kernel is positive and integrable with an integral value of one. These kernels give rise to essentially different types of Lyapunov functionals. It is to be stressed that the Lyapunov functionals are explicitly given in terms of known functions and they are differentiated using Leibniz’s rule. The results are readily accessible to anyone with a background of elementary calculus.     

Long time behavior of solutions for a scalar nonlocal reaction-diffusion equation

In this paper we study the long time behavior of the solution for a scalar nonlocal reaction-diffusion equation, in which the nonlocal term acts to conserve the spatial integral of the power of the unknown function as time evolves. A class of initial data is found to guarantee the existence of positive global solutions and the convergence to some steady states. A sufficient condition for positive global solutions to be unbounded is also given.     

Constant-sign Lyapunov functionals in the problem of the stability of a functional differential equation

The stability of the zero solution of a non-autonomous functional differential equation of the delayed type is investigated by means of limiting equations and a constant-sign Lyapunov functional, which has a constant-sign derivative. Special cases when the Lyapunov functional and its derivative are explicitly independent of time and the case of an almost periodic equation are also considered. The problem of stabilizing a pendulum in the upper unstable position and the problem of stabilizing the rotational motion of a rigid body are solved as examples.     

A nonlocal problem for a first-order partial differential equation

In this paper we study a nonlocal problem for a first-order partial differential equation with an integral condition instead of the standard boundary one. We prove that the problem under consideration is uniquely solvable.     

Lyapunov functionals for certain linear delay differential equations in a Hilbert space

A theory of stability via Lyapunov functionals is developed for a general class of autonomous delay differential equation whose values lie in a Hilbert space.     

Asymptotic blow-up behavior for a nonlocal degenerate parabolic equation

In this paper, we investigate the positive solution of nonlinear degenerate equation with Dirichlet boundary condition. The blow-up criteria is obtained. Furthermore, we prove that under certain conditions, the solutions have global blow-up. When f(u)=u^p,0<p1, we gained blow-up rate estimate.     

Construction of Lyapunov functionals for delay differential equations in virology and epidemiology

In the present paper, we present a method for constructing a Lyapunov functional for some delay differential equations in virology and epidemiology. Here some delays are incorporated to the original ordinary differential equations, for which a Lyapunov function is already obtained. We present simple and clear explanation of our method using some models whose Lyapunov functionals are already obtained. Moreover, we present several new results for constructing Lyapunov functionals using our method.     

Large time behavior for a viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation with Neumann boundary condition

We prove the existence and the uniqueness of strong solutions for the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation: with Neumann boundary condition, and initial data μ₀, a continuous function. The domain Ω is a bounded and convex open set with smooth boundary, a∈R,a≠0 and p>0. Then, we study the large time behavior of the solution and we show that for p∈(0,1), the extinction in finite time of the gradient of the solution occurs, while for p?1 the solution converges uniformly to a constant, as t→∞.     

Large time behavior for the heat equation on Carnot groups

We first generalize a decomposition of functions on Carnot groups as linear combinations of the Dirac delta and some of its derivatives, where the weights are the moments of the function. We then use the decomposition to describe the large time behavior of solutions of the hypoelliptic heat equation on Carnot groups. The solution is decomposed as a weighted sum of the hypoelliptic fundamental kernel and its derivatives the coefficients being the moments of the initial datum.     

The large time behavior of solutions of a diffusion equation involving a nonlocal convection term

We study the existence, uniqueness, and asymtotic behaviour of non-negative solutions to a parabolic diffusion equation involving a nonlocal con-vective term on a bounded domain ? contained in Rⁿ. We apply the In variance Principle of LaSalle and Hale to prove that the solution tends to zero as t → ∞     

On a nonlocal boundary value problem for a fourth-order ordinary differential equation

We study a boundary value problem for a fourth-order ordinary differential equation with a nonlocal boundary condition. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a minimizer of a specially constructed functional to be a solution of the problem.     

Large time behavior of free boundary for a degenerate parabolic equation with absorption

This work studies the large time behavior of free boundary and continuous dependence on nonlinearity for the Cauchy problem of a degenerate parabolic partial differential equation with absorption. Our objective is to give an explicit expression of speed of propagation of the solution and to show that the solution depends on the nonlinearity of the equation continuously.     

Asymptotic behavior of a degenerate nonlocal parabolic equation

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behavior for the degenerate nonlocal parabolic equation

     

On the asymptotic stability for nonautonomous functional differential equations by Lyapunov functionals

Sufficient conditions are given for the asymptotic stability and uniform asymptotic stability of the zero solution of the nonautonomous FDE's whose right-hand sides can be unbounded functions of the time. The theorems are based upon Lyapunov-Krasovski functionals whose derivatives with respect to the equations are negative semidefinite and can vanish at long intervals. The functionals and their derivatives are estimated by either , the norm of the instantaneous value of the solutions or , the -norm of the phase segment of the solutions. Examples are given to show that the conditions are sharp, and the main theorems with the two different types of estimates are independent and improve earlier results. The theorems are applied to linear and nonlinear retarded FDE's with one delay and with distributed delays.