半胱氨酸在Ag2S/Cu2S纳米晶修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为

制备了Ag2S/Cu2S纳米混晶修饰玻碳电极,研究了半胱氨酸在Ag2S/Cu2S纳米混晶修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明:Ag2S/Cu2S混晶修饰电极对半胱氨酸的电化学氧化过程具有非常明显的电催化作用,其氧化电位减小为0.23V,氧化峰电流为25.98 μA,与空白电极相比增加了8倍.在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3 mol/L浓度范围内,稳态电流信号与半胱氨酸浓度呈现良好的线性变化关系.该修饰电极具有良好的稳定性和重现性.     

纳米TiO2对Ag(I)配合物的吸附

利用纳米TiO2的表面吸附活性, 以[S2O3]2-为络合剂, 应用火焰原子吸收光谱检测方法, 高效吸附分离了水中痕量Ag(Ⅰ). 系统研究了纳米TiO2的晶体结构、溶液的pH值、吸附时间、Ag(Ⅰ)的起始浓度及常见共存离子对吸附率的影响, 确定了最佳吸附条件. FTIR光谱分析结果表明, Ag(Ⅰ)配合物以物理作用吸附在纳米TiO2颗粒表面. 纳米TiO2对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附等温线为S型, 表现出多分子层吸附特征. 硝酸和硫脲混合溶液可将吸附在TiO2纳米颗粒表面的Ag(Ⅰ)全部洗脱.     

三维虫孔状介孔纳米粒子Ag2O/Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2的制备、表征及其对甲烷氧化反应的催化性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂, 采用改进的共沉淀法合成了高比表面积的虫孔状介孔Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2(CZY)立方晶相结构的纳米粒子, 用浸渍法制备了Ag2O质量分数为0.2%—4.0%的Ag2O/CZY催化剂, 以XRD, HRSEM, HRTEM/SAED, H2-TPR和XPS等表征手段测定了CZY 和Ag2O/CZY催化剂的物化性质, 考察了其对甲烷氧化反应的催化性能. 结果表明, 质量分数为2.0%的Ag2O/CZY催化剂在空速为50000 h-1、甲烷/氧气摩尔比为1:4和反应温度为600 ℃的条件下, 可使甲烷完全氧化成CO2和H2O, 且基本上消除了在升温、降温过程中甲烷转化率随温度变化的“滞后回线”现象. 可见, Ag2O/CZY的优良催化性能与CZY具有发达的三维虫孔状介孔结构、较大的比表面积、较强的储释氧能力及其稳定活性相Ag2O等因素有关.     

Ag/CuS/rGO复合材料的制备及对亚硝酸盐的电化学传感性能研究

以溶剂热法制备Cu3(BTC)2为前驱体,通过两步转化得到Ag/CuS/rGO复合材料,构制了电化学传感器,研究了其对NO2^-离子的电催化行为,建立了测定NO2^-离子的电化学分析方法。Ag/CuS/rGO复合材料对NO2^-离子展现了良好的电催化性能,检测线性范围为1~50μmol/L和50~550μmol/L,检出限为0.04μmol/L(S/N=3)。该传感器具有制作简单、选择性好和检出限低的特点,拓展了金属有机框架材料(MOFs)在电化学领域的应用。     

Ag2S2O7/Ag2O纳米颗粒异质结构的制备及其太阳光全光谱光催化降解应用

Ag2O是优良的感光材料,很少作为光催化材料,而常被用作光催化材料的共催化剂.此外,由于Ag2O禁带宽度窄,且可有效吸收近红外光,因而不能用于全太阳光谱的光催化应用中.同时很少被用作NIR催化剂.本文中不仅研究了纳米Ag2O颗粒的UV-Vis光催化性能,而且还系统探究了其NIR光催化活性.由于在紫外线和可见光的照射下,Ag2O纳米颗粒易发生光还原失活,因而对Ag2O表面硫化处理,使其表面上生长Ag2S2O7层以形成Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结,探究了该异质结UV-Vis光催化活性及其光催化循环稳定性;同时,考察了其近红外光催化及其重复使用性能.利用沉淀法成功制备了Ag2O纳米颗粒,并通过在其表面部分硫化处理得到Ag2S2O7,成功构筑Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构,并研究了该Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构UV-Vis-NIR光催化降解有机污染物性能.研究表明,Ag2O纳米颗粒在光子能量较低的NIR照射条件下具有较强的光催化活性,但UV-Vis照射下,虽然Ag2O具有光催化活性,但易发生光还原生成单质银,降低其光催化稳定性;Ag2S2O7/Ag2O纳米异质结,虽然在UV-Vis-NIR范围内光催化活性略降于Ag2O,但稳定性显著提高,总体来看,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结构在全光谱催化方面更具优势.这主要是由于Ag2O表面部分硫化得到的Ag2S2O7纳米颗粒,且二者之间能带匹配促进了光生载流子分离,同时Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒直接吸收能量较高的UV-Vis,进而保护内部Ag2O,抑制了其自身还原,可显著提高Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结在UV-Vis-NIR催化活性及稳定性.实验结果分析表明,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒在UV-Vis-NIR条件下均具有稳定且高效的光催化活性,其主要原因为:(1)具有窄带隙的Ag2O可有效拓宽该异质结的光谱吸收;(2)Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结能带匹配可有效促使光生载流子分离;(3)Ag2O颗粒表面的Ag2S2O7纳米颗粒可有效提高Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒的光化学稳定性,尤其是在UV-Vis条件下的化学稳定性.Ag2O纳米颗粒受到光照(UV-Vis-NIR)激发后产生电子-空穴对,由于Ag2S2O7与Ag2O能带位置的匹配,Ag2O导带的光生电子注入Ag2S2O7的导带;而Ag2S2O7价带的光生空穴注入Ag2O的价带.Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒可有效捕捉电子,从而阻止Ag2O产生的电子-空穴对复合,进而提高光催化活性;同时当光子能量较高(UV以及部分短波长的Vis)时,Ag2O表面的Ag2S2O7颗粒直接吸收该部分光能,进而保护内部Ag2O发生自身还原,因此,Ag2S2O7/Ag2O异质结纳米颗粒在UV,Vis及NIR条件下均具有稳定且高效的光催化活性,在高效利用全光谱光催化降解有机污染物方面具有较大的潜力.     

Ag2S/Ag2WO4微米棒的声化学合成、表征及其高光催化性能

TiO2作为一种光催化剂广泛应用于各种污染物的降解.但是它较大的宽禁带(~3.2 eV)导致其很难吸收可见光,因此寻找窄禁带的具有可见光响应的半导体光催化剂成为近年来光催化研究的热点.在众多窄禁带光催化剂中,纯 Ag2S在降解污染物方面并不出色,但是作为一种窄禁带的直接带隙半导体,它在加快电子迁移和提高光量子效率方面表现出色.目前有许多高催化活性的 Ag2S异质结复合半导体光催化剂的报道,如 Ag2Mo3O10-Ag2S, TiO2-Ag2S, ZnS-Ag2S和NiO-Ag2S等. Ag2WO4是一种具有新颖物理化学性质的半导体材料,在催化、传感器、抗菌和光致发光等方面有着广泛应用.但是, Ag2WO4的理论带隙较宽,约为3.5 eV,而且光照下Ag2WO4很容易产生光化学腐蚀而分解出单质银,作为光催化剂存在太阳光利用率低和稳定性较差等缺点.声化学是一种特殊纳米材料的合成方法.它主要是利用超声空化产生特殊的物理化学环境来强化化学键的生成,同时实现半导体从无定形态到固定晶型转变.本文采用超声辅助共沉淀法制备了长为0.2?1μm、直径为20?30 nm的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4微米棒复合光催化剂.利用 X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、扫描电镜、透射电镜、光电子能谱、光致发光谱(PL)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)和光电流等手段对所制 Ag2S, Ag2WO4和 Ag2S/Ag2WO4进行了表征.结果表明,合成的样品比表面积较小(2.7?3.6 m2/g). UV-vis DRS测试表明,声化学处理能有效拓宽 Ag2S/Ag2WO4在可见光区的吸收范围,提高其可见光响应性能.另外, PL和光电流测试结果证实,在声化学制备的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4体系中,光生电子(e?)-空穴(h+)的复合过程被极大地限制,具有较高的 e?-h+分离效率.以金卤灯为光源进行了光催化降解染料亚甲基蓝的性能测试.结果表明,声化学合成的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4的反应速率常数(0.150 min?1)分别为单纯 Ag2WO4(0.031 min?1)和 Ag2S (0.004 min?1)的4.7和29.8倍.自由基捕获实验表明,在 Ag2S/Ag2WO4光催化降解甲基橙过程中主要的活性物种为超氧自由基(?O2?)和光生空穴(h+).此外,声化学合成的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4表现出很好的光催化稳定性.循环使用3次后,该样品对亚甲基蓝的光催化活性仍高达80.4%,而纯 Ag2WO4几乎完全失活. Ag2S/Ag2WO4具有很高的光催化活性的原因,一方面是声化学处理提高了催化剂的结晶度,同时生成了独特的棒状结构;另一方面是在超声作用下, Ag2S和 Ag2WO4两相紧密接触形成异质结,促进了可见光的吸收和光生 e?与 h+的分离.     

以Fe2O3为原料制备LiFePO4/C复合材料及其性能研究

以Fe2O3为铁源原料, 利用热还原法成功地制备了LiFePO4/C复合材料. 用XRD以及SEM对材料的晶体结构以及表面形貌进行了表征. 通过循环伏安和充放电测试研究了材料的电化学性能. 研究结果表明， 于700 ℃下制备的LiFePO4/C复合材料在0.1C的倍率下可以得到放电容量144.8 mA·h/g, 在循环160次后, 容量仍保持在141.4 mA·h/g. 这种以廉价的Fe2O3代替目前常用的二价铁盐原料方法, 具有减少LiFePO4合成成本的优点.     

基于Ag_2S-MWNTs的肌红蛋白直接电化学研究

制备了硫化银-多壁碳纳米管(Ag2S-MWNTs)纳米复合材料,构置了Mb-Ag2S-MWNTs-CHIT/GCE,并研究了肌红蛋白(Mb)在该修饰电极上的直接电化学和电催化行为。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜表征了Ag2SMWNTs的形貌,利用循环伏安法对Mb的电化学行为进行研究。Ag2S能够均一、稳定的在MWNTs表面生长,所构置的修饰电极在PBS中出现一对峰形良好的、准可逆的氧化还原峰,并对过氧化氢(H2O2)表现出良好的电催化作用,测定H2O2的线性范围为1.0×10-6~2.5×10-4mol·L-1,检出限为3×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3)。Ag2S-MWNTs纳米复合材料能显著提高氧化还原蛋白质(酶)的直接电子传递速率,所构置的修饰电极可为制备基于蛋白质(酶)的第三代电化学生物传感器提供一良好的研究平台。     

吸附相反应技术制备Ag纳米粒子的反应机理

利用吸附相反应技术在SiO2表面制备Ag粒子, 研究了温度变化对载体表面NaOH的吸附、生成Ag的反应过程以及产物Ag粒子形貌的影响. NaOH的吸附率测定结果表明, 吸附平衡时间随着温度升高而增加. 温度升高加快了NaOH与Si—O—Si的反应, 使得NaOH的平衡吸附率不随吸附层的破坏而减少. 采用实时在线UV-Vis光谱研究了Ag粒子的生成过程, 发现温度超过40 ℃时, 反应体系中Ag出现的时间、Ag粒子的浓度和粒径分布范围都发生较大变化. 样品的TEM和XRD分析也表明, 当体系温度超过40 ℃时SiO2表面Ag粒子出现了团聚, 其晶粒粒径也出现了突变. 温度升高导致表面吸附层破坏, 使得Ag的生成场所从吸附层转移到SiO2表面, 最终导致Ag的反应机理和粒子形貌的变化.     

氮掺杂TiO_2纳米线阵列优越的可见光光电性能(英文)

成功制备了氮掺杂锐钛矿TiO2纳米线,并研究了它的光电化学性质.结果表明,与商用P25 TiO2纳米粒子和未掺杂TiO2纳米线相比,氮掺杂TiO2纳米线作为光阳极明显地提高了光电转换效率(IPCE%),在可见光区有明显光吸收;在100 mW/cm2可见光光照下,氮掺杂TiO2纳米线具有最大的光电流密度和能量转换效率.例如,当电压为0.09 V(vs.Ag/AgC l)时最大能量转换效率为0.52%,均高于未掺杂TiO2纳米线和商用P25 TiO2纳米粒子的,充分表现出它优越的光响应和光电化学性能,在光电化学池、太阳能制氢等方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

Monolithic integration of three-material microelectrodes for electrochemical detection on PMMA substrates

Monolithic integration of three-material microelectrodes for electrochemical detection on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates is presented. Au–Ag–Pt three-material electrodes were all fabricated based on polymer compatible photolithography processes, and the fabrication sequence of the electrodes was optimized. The C–Ag–Pt three-electrode system was also demonstrated. To reduce the electrical resistance, the carbon electrode was made on a silver intermediate layer which was simultaneously fabricated with Ag electrodes. A PMMA/poly(dimethylsiloxane) electrochemical sensing microchip with the Au–Ag–Pt three-electrode systems was constructed. The reproducibility of the three-electrode system from single and different microchips was characterized. The performance of the microchip was evaluated by two kinds of electrochemical probes (Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂ and dopamine).     

Characterization of self-assembled monolayers of porphyrins bearing multiple-thiol and photoelectric response

Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) of thiol-derivatized porphyrin molecules on Au substrate have attracted extensively interest for use in sensing,optoelectronic devices and molecular electronics.In this paper,tetra-[p-(3-mercaptopropyloxy)-phenyl]porphyrin was synthesized and self-assembled with thiol on Au substrate for porphyrin SAMs(PPS 4).The electrochemical results demonstrated that PPS 4 could form excellent SAMs on gold surface.Self-assembled nanojunctions of PPS 4 were fabricated by using gold nanogap electrodes(gap width:ca.100 nm).With the light on/off,the nanojunctions showed current high/low as nanometer scaled photo switch.     

Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy at Bilayered Silver/Gold Films

Bilayered silver/gold films (gold deposited on top of the silver film) were used as substrates for electrochemical surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (EC-SPR). EC-SPR responses of electrochemical deposition/stripping of copper and redox-induced conformation changes of cytochrome c immobilized onto self-assembled monolayers preformed at these substrates were measured. Influence of the Ag layer thickness and the double-layer capacitance on the EC-SPR behavior was investigated. The results demonstrated that the bilayered Ag/Au metal films produce a sharper SPR dip profile than pure Au films and retain the high chemical stability of Au films. Contrary to the result by the Fresnel calculation that predicts a greater fraction of Ag in the bilayered film should result in a greater signal-to-noise ratio, the EC-SPR sensitivity is dependent on both the Ag/Au thickness ratio and the chemical modification of the surface. Factors affecting the overall SPR sensitivity at the bilayered films, such as the film morphology, potential-induced excess surface charges, and the adsorbate layer were investigated. Forming a compact adsorbate layer at the bilayered film diminishes the effect of potential-induce excess surface charges on the SPR signal and improves the overall EC-SPR sensitivity. For the case of redox-induced conformation changes of cytochrome c, the SPR signal obtained at the bilayered silver/gold film is 2.7 times as high as that at a pure gold film.     

Effect of Glass Substrates on the Formation of Gold-Silver Colloids in Nanocomposite Thin Films

A sol-gel route to synthesize nanocomposite thin films containing phase separated metal colloids of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) was developed. Ag—Au colloids were prepared in silica films using dip coating technique. The annealing of the samples in air results in the formation of phase separated Ag and Au colloids in SiO₂ thin films, showing the surface plasmon peaks at 410 nm and 528 nm. For the synthesis of phase separated Ag and Au colloids on float glass substrates, formation of the silver colloids was found strongly dependent on the surface of the float glass. On the tin rich surface formation of both gold and silver colloids took place, whereas, on the tin poor surface the formation of only gold colloids was observed. The surface dependence of the formation of silver colloids was attributed to the presence of tin as Sn²⁺ state on the glass surface, which oxidizes into Sn⁴⁺ during heat treatment, reducing Ag⁺ into silver colloids.     

Electrochemistry and optical absorbance and luminescence of molecule-like Au38 nanoparticles

This paper describes electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of a well-characterized, synthetically accessible, 1.1 nm diam Au nanoparticle, Au(38)(PhC(2)S)(24), where PhC(2)S is phenylethylthiolate. Properties of other Au(38) nanoparticles made by exchanging the monolayer ligands with different thiolate ligands are also described. Voltammetry of the Au(38) nanoparticles in CH(2)Cl(2) reveals a 1.62 V energy gap between the first one-electron oxidation and the first reduction. Based on a charging energy correction of ca. 0.29 V, the indicated HOMO-LUMO gap energy is ca. 1.33 eV. At low energies, the optical absorbance spectrum includes peaks at 675 nm (1.84 eV) and 770 nm (1.61 eV) and an absorbance edge at ca. 1.33 eV that gives an optical HOMO-LUMO gap energy that is consistent with the electrochemical estimate. The absorbance at lowest energy is bleached upon electrochemical depletion of the HOMO level. The complete voltammetry contains two separated doublets of oxidation waves, indicating two distinct molecular orbitals, and two reduction steps. The ligand-exchanged nanoparticle Au(38)(PEG(135)S)(13)(PhC(2)S)(11), where PEG(135)S is -SCH(2)CH(2)OCH(2)CH(2)OCH(3), exhibits a broad (1.77-0.89 eV) near-IR photoluminescence band resolvable into maxima at 902 nm (1.38 eV) and 1025 nm (1.2 eV). Much of the photoluminescence occurs at energies less than the HOMO-LUMO gap energy. A working model of the energy level structure of the Au(38) nanoparticle is presented.     

Arylthiolate-protected silver quantum dots

This paper describes a new, organic-soluble 4-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptan (BBT) monolayer-protected silver cluster (AgBBT MPC) as the first example of a dissolved silver nanoparticle that exhibits quantized one-electron double layer charging (QDL) voltammetry. Polydisperse AgBBT MPCs made by two different synthetic protocols, but with similar average core diameters (2.1 nm), exhibit sharply differing electrochemistry and optical absorbance spectra. A two-phase procedure (organic/aqueous, termed Prep A-AgBBT) produced MPCs exhibiting a 475 nm surface plasmon absorbance and QDL voltammetry. Neither property was seen for MPCs made by a single-phase procedure, termed Prep B-AgBBT. The difference is thought to reflect poor passivation to oxide formation in the latter Prep B procedure, which is supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. Thermogravimetry, mass spectra, and electrochemistry results suggest an average stoichiometric formula of Ag140BBT53, but transmission electron microscopy shows that the products are also polydisperse and include polycrystalline aggregates. Dry, cast films of both Ag MPC preparations on interdigitated array electrodes exhibit low electron hopping conductivity, compared to Au MPCs.     

Fabrication of a sensor chip containing Au and Ag electrodes and its application for sensitive Hg(II) determination using chronocoulometry

In this work, we explored a novel fabrication method to construct Au and Ag electrodes on chip, utilizing the different solubility of gold and silver in different etching solutions. KI-I₂ etching solution and 50% HNO₃ were chosen to dissolve the metal layers alternatively. Planar electrodes with gold and silver could be simultaneously and accurately patterned on chip using photolithographic technique. The as-prepared electrode could be directly served as integrated three-electrode system for electrochemical measurement. Based on it, a sensing strategy has been carried out using home-made electrochemical sensing (ECS) chip, which depended on the competition of double strand DNA and Hg(II)-mediated T–T base pairs (T-Hg(II)-T). Actually, a mercury specific oligonucleotide (MSO) was immobilized onto the thus-fabricated gold working electrode and employed as the sensing element. Chronocoulometry (CC) was chosen to monitor the differences of surface charge volume and quantify the concentrations of Hg(II) ions with a low detection limit down to 1 nM. Therefore, a facile method to fabricate Au and Ag electrodes has been demonstrated to simplify the production of ECS chip. The ECS chip was finally used for constructing an effective sensing platform for sensitive Hg(II) determination, which held promising potential for designing ECS chip in lab-on-a-chip device or point-of-care diagnosis.     

S-1805/Ag/Au Hybrid Transparent Electrodes for ITO-free Flexible Organic Photovoltaics

We fabricated an S-1805/Ag/Au hybrid transparent electrode based on 4.4 lini ultrathin Au film, which exhibited a high transparency(T=78% at 550 nm), a low sheet resistance(Rs=70Ωl/sq), and an extremely smooth surface(roughness=0.37 nm). The three-dimensional(3D) island growth mode of 4.4 nm Au film was resisted by tlie chemical bonding effect of the nonconductive S-1805 film and the wetting behavior of 0.6 nm Ag layer. The S-1805/Ag/Au hybrid transparent electrodes were used as the replacement of ITO anodes in flexible organic photovoltaics(OPVs), and the S-1805/Ag/Au-based OP Vs resulted in the similar power conversion efficiency compared to ITO-based devices. High flexibility and mechanical robustness were demonstrated in the ITO-free OPVs without obvious degeneration in device performance after over 2000 repeated bending cycles.     

Disposable Injection‐Moulded Cell‐on‐a‐Chip Microfluidic Devices with Integrated Conducting Polymer Electrodes for On‐Line Voltammetric and Electrochemiluminescence Detection

This work reports the construction and characterization of plastic electrochemical micro‐flow‐cells with integrated injection‐moulded polymer electrodes. The three electrodes (working, auxiliary, and reference) were fabricated by injection‐moulding from a conducting grade of polystyrene loaded with carbon fibers. On‐chip reference electrodes were prepared by coating one of the conducting polymer electrodes with a Ag/AgCl layer (implemented either by e‐beam evaporation of Ag followed by electrochemical formation of AgCl or by applying a Ag/AgCl paste). Working electrodes were either polymer electrodes coated with Au by e‐beam evaporation or bare conducting polymer electrodes. The electrodes were integrated into the micro‐flow‐cells by an over‐moulding process followed by ultrasonic welding. The devices were characterized by optical and electrochemical techniques. Studies by cyclic voltammetry (CV), anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) demonstrate ‘proof–of‐principle’ of the micro‐flow‐cells as electrochemical sensors.     

Fabrication of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO2‐Nanotubes Electrodes Using Electrochemical Methods and Their Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroquinone

Gold nanoparticle (Au‐NPs)‐Titanium oxide nanotube (TiO₂‐NTs) electrodes are prepared by using galvanic deposition of gold nanoparticles on TiO₂‐NTs electrodes as support. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results indicate that nanotubular TiO₂ layers consist of individual tubes of about 60–90 nm diameters and gold nanoparticles are well‐dispersed on the surface of TiO₂‐NTs support. The electrooxidation of hydroquinone of Au‐NPs/TiO₂‐NTs electrodes is investigated by different electrochemical methods. Au‐NPs/TiO₂‐NTs electrode can be used repeatedly and exhibits stable electrocatalytic activity for the hydroquinone oxidation. Also, determination of hydroquinone in skin cream using this electrode was evaluated. Results were found to be satisfactory and no matrix effects are observed during the determination of hydroquinone content of the “skin cream” samples.