低密度聚乙烯/乙丙烯三元共聚(LDPE/EPO)共混体系的结晶动力学

用DSC方法研究了LDPE/EPO共混体系的等温及非等温结晶动力学,对LDPE/EPO共混体系的等温结晶动力学研究表明,共混物是三维生长的异相成核,共混物在各个结晶温度下的结晶过程都是以方式K_g(Ⅱ)进行的.采用联系Avrami方程和Ozawa方程导出的新非等温结晶动力学方程,处理了LDPE/EPO共混体系,得到了非等温结晶过程的一些基本参数,新方程很好地描述了此共混体系的非等温结晶动力学过程.     

己内酯和2,2-二羟甲基丁酸共聚酯的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC) 研究了具有生物相容性及可降解性P(BHB-CL)超支化共聚酯的非等温熔融结晶过程, 分别采用Avrami 方程、Ozawa 方程和Mo方程对P(BHB-CL)共聚酯的非等温动力学数据进行比较分析, 计算了相关的非等温结晶动力学参数, 并利用Kissinger方程计算其非等温结晶活化能. 结果表明, Mo方程更适合描述P(BHB-CL)共聚酯的非等温结晶过程.     

苯乙烯-丙烯等规立构嵌段共聚物(iPS-b-iPP)的非等温结晶动力学的研究

用DSC法研究了苯乙烯-丙烯等规立构嵌段共聚物的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明:冷却速率在5～20℃/min范围内,共聚物的非等温结晶动力学参数能很好地符合Avrami动力学方程,非等温结晶速率常数与冷却速率有关,动力学结晶能力则同时受到冷却速率和共聚物组成比的影响。文中还讨论了在非等温结晶条件下共聚物的结晶成核和生长方式与共聚物组成和结构的关系。联合Avrami方程和Ozawa方程推导的非等温结晶动力学方程较好地描述了iPS-b-iPP嵌段共聚物的非等温结晶动力学过程。     

反式-/顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混体系的结晶动力学

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法对反式-/顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混体系的等温及非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,分别采用Avrami方程和莫志深法对其动力学参数进行了解析.研究结果表明,在反式-/顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混体系的等温及非等温结晶过程中,顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(CPI)组分的存在会降低反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)组分的结晶速率;在等温结晶过程中,CPI组分会提高TPI组分自身的结晶度;而非等温结晶过程中,CPI则提高了共混物中β晶型的相对含量.     

尼龙1218的等温及非等温结晶动力学研究

采用示差扫描量热计DSC考察了一种新型长烷基链偶偶尼龙 尼龙 12 18 自熔体的结晶过程 ,分别利用Avrami方程和Ozawa方程对等温及非等温结晶动力学进行了描述与研究 ,计算了相关的结晶动力学参数 ,得出相应的结晶机理 .最后计算了等温结晶活化能和非等温结晶活化能 ,依此得到烷基链段长度与尼龙结晶过程有密切关系     

PA6T的非等温结晶动力学

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)考察了PA6T的非等温熔融结晶过程,分别采用Avrami方程、Ozawa方程及Mo提出的新方程对PA6T的非等温动力学数据进行比较分析,计算了相关非等温结晶动力学参数和非等温结晶活化能。结果表明:对于PA6T,用Mo法处理得到的结果更理想。     

聚(丁二酸丁二酯-co-丁二酸丙二酯)的等温结晶行为研究

以1,4-丁二酸、1,4-丁二醇和1,3-丙二醇为原料通过直接熔融缩聚法合成了聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS),聚丁二酸丙二酯(PPS)和聚(丁二酸丁二酯-co-丁二酸丙二酯)(PBSPS)等脂肪族聚酯.利用1H-NMR,WAXD,DSC和POM等研究了聚酯的结晶结构和结晶动力学过程等结晶行为.PBSPS的结晶晶型与PBS一致,说明只有丁二酸丁二酯(BS)单元结晶而丁二酸丙二酯(PS)单元处于无定形区.聚酯等温结晶后,在升温熔融过程中出现了多重熔融峰.分析表明多重熔融峰主要来自于聚酯升温过程中的熔融-重结晶行为.利用Avrami方程分析了聚酯的等温结晶动力学,Avrami指数n为2.2~2.8,说明聚酯等温结晶时主要以异相成核的三维生长方式进行;随着PS单元的增多,聚酯的表观结晶活化能升高,也就是说BS单元的结晶变得困难.POM观察到聚酯等温结晶时都出现了环带球晶现象,球晶形态会随着结晶温度和化学结构差异而改变.     

尼龙1O1O非等温结晶动力学过程的计算机模拟

根据ъорοхоъский提出的相似于Avrami方程的近似公式X=1-exp[-Z(at)n],采用加权最小二乘法,对尼龙1010非等温结晶动力学过程进行了模拟,编制了模拟非等温结晶动力学过程的软件.该软件可用于精确处理结晶动力学参数,也可用于计算机辅助教学.     

O-(4-喹唑啉)羟肟酸硫代酯(酰胺)类化合物的合成及生物活性

用差示扫描量热分析研究了间规聚苯乙烯（ｓＰＳ）的非等温结晶及其动力学，并分别用Ｏｚａｗａ和Ｊｅｚｉｏｒｎｙ两种方法来处理ｓＰＳ的非等温结晶数据．结果表明，在２５～４０℃／ｍｉｎ的冷却速率范围内，ｓＰＳ的半结晶时间随冷却速率增大而呈指数式下降，ｓＰＳ非等温结晶过程遵循Ｏｚａｗａ动力学方程，但不符合Ｊｅｚｉｏｒｎｙ方法中的Ａｖｒａｍｉ动力学方程．所得到的ｓＰＳ非等温结晶Ａｖｒａｍｉ指数ｎ在３６～４１之间，高于等温结晶时的ｎ值     

尼龙1010非等温结晶动力学过程的计算机模拟

根据Ъорохоъский提出的相似于Avrami方程的近似公式 X =1 -exp[-Z(at) n],采用加权最小二乘法 ,对尼龙 1 0 1 0非等温结晶动力学过程进行了模拟 ,编制了模拟非等温结晶动力学过程的软件。该软件可用于精确处理结晶动力学参数 ,也可用于计算机辅助教学。     

KINETICS OF NON-ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION

A kinetic equation of non-isothermal crystamzation was derived by extending Avrami's equation to the non-isothermal situation. More crystallization information can be obtained from this kinetic equation. The curves of non-isothermal and isothermal crystallizations were analysed and compared for poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and the results were discussed.     

KINETICS OF NON-ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) MODIFIED BY POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL)

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) modified by poly (ethlene glycol) (PEG) were determined by DSC. The dual linear regression method was used to evaluate the relationship between the reciprocal of t 1/2 ( the half life of crystallization) and the appropriate temperature variable. The parameters such as the activation energy (Ed) for transport, the equilibrium melting temperature (T_m~0),the nucleation parameter (ψ),themaximum crystallization temperature (T_(e, max)), and the kinetic crystallizability (G) for the copolyesters were obtained. The influence of the PEG content in PET chains on the parameters characterizing crystallization kinetics and crystallization thermodynamics was discussed.     

一种研究聚合物非等温结晶动力学的方法

作者基于多年对聚合物结晶动力学方面研究的工作积累,联合Avrami方程和Ozawa方程,提出了一种研究聚合物非等温结晶动力学的新方法.该方法既克服了使用Ozawa方程所获得的数据点过少,常常出现非线性,不能获得可靠的动力学参数的缺点,又克服了使用经Jeziorny修正的Avrami方程所获得的表观Avrami指数无法准确预测非等温过程成核生长机理的缺点.该方法已成功用于多种聚合物体系,被国内外学者引用数百次,已成为研究聚合物非等温结晶动力学一种有效方法.     

Crystallization kinetics of poly(glycolic acid-alt-6-aminohexanoic acid)

The crystallization behavior of a new regular poly(ester amide) constituted by glycolic acid and 6-aminohexanoic acid units under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions is studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to monitor bulk crystallization, and subsequently Avrami and Ozawa analyses are applied. A three-dimensional spherulitic growth from heterogeneous nuclei is deduced for isothermal crystallization, whereas higher exponents are obtained for non-isothermal crystallization when an Avrami equation is applied. However, modifications of the Ozawa methodology indicate a crystallization mechanism similar to that of the isothermal process.The maximum crystallization rate is deduced to take place at a temperature close to 91 °C by considering experimental data and theoretical equations with adjusted parameters. The equilibrium melting temperature is determined to be 168 °C by the characteristic Hoffman-Weeks plot. One crystallization regime is detected by using the Lauritzen-Hoffman kinetic theory for isothermal crystallization and also with an isoconversional method applied for non-isothermal crystallization. Activation energy of molecular transport and nucleation constant are close to 1500 cal/mol and 1.81 × 10⁵ K², respectively. Crystal morphology, nucleation, and spherulitic growth rates are also investigated with hot-stage optical microscopy (HSOM).     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) blends

The glass-transition temperature and non-isothermal crystallization of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PTT/PEN) blends were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results suggested that the binary blends showed different crystallization and melting behaviors due to their different component of PTT and PEN. All of the samples exhibited a single glass-transition temperature, indicating that the component PTT and PEN were miscible in amorphous phase. The value of T_g predicted well by Gordon-Taylor equation decreased gradually with increasing of PTT content. The commonly used Avrami equation modified by Jeziorny, Ozawa theory and the method developed by Mo were used, respectively, to fit the primary stage of non-isothermal crystallization. The kinetic parameters suggested that the PTT content improved the crystallization of PEN in the binary blend. The crystallization growth dimension, crystallization rate and the degree of crystallinity of the blends were increased with the increasing content of PTT. The effective activation energy calculated by the advanced iso-conversional method developed by Vyazovkin also concluded that the value of E_a depended not only on the system but also on temperature, that is, the binary blend with more PTT component had higher crystallization ability and the crystallization ability is increased with increasing temperature. The kinetic parameters U^* and K_g were also determined, respectively, by the Hoffman-Lauritzen theory.     

间规1,2-聚丁二烯的非等温结晶动力学

结合Avrami和Ozawa方程,构筑了一个新的聚合物非等温结晶动力学方程.以铁催化体系间规1,2聚丁二烯(st- 1,2PB)为例,将新方法与其他常用的Jeziony和Ozawa方法的处理结果进行比较.发现由Jeziony方法分析得到的表观Avrami指数不能直接用于预测st -1,2PB的非等温结晶机理.由Ozawa方法分析实验数据,得到的线性关系很差,因此也很难得到可靠的动力学参数.而采用新方法可得到一系列线性关系较好的直线.根据新参数a与表观Avrami指数n和Ozawa指数m的关系,st -1,2PB的结晶机理可以预测且与等温方法获得的结果有可比性.这种新方法已应用于聚醚酮、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、烷基取代聚噻吩、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)及其共混物等多种聚合物体系中.     

聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮共混体系的结晶行为

用DSC、WAXD和SAXS研究了聚乙烯醇(PVAl)/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混体系的结晶行为.PVAl的结晶度随PVP含量增加而减少,并存在结晶度为零的组成(PVAl)的重量分数约为50％.与纯PVAl相比,共混物的温度区间T_m-T_g减小,表明PVP对PVAl的结晶起抑制作用.共混物中PVAl的结晶速度下降,具体表现为PVAl过冷区随PVP含量增加而扩大,动力学速度常数减小,球晶增长速度下降.纯PVAl和共混体系的等温结晶速率均遵循Avrami方程.退火样品的长周期、片晶厚度和过渡层厚度大于相同组成未退火样品.两者长周期随PVP含量增长加显著增大,片晶厚度增长次之,过渡层厚度变化不大.     

Study of the Crystallization Kinetics. Poly(ethylene oxide) and a blend of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin)

A kinetic study of the crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and of a blend of PEO+poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) (PBE) was performed by using DSC in a non-isothermal program at constant cooling rates. The curves obtained were analyzed by the Kissinger, Ozawa and Friedman methods, with determination of the kinetic parameters in each case. As a consequence of the presence of PBE, the kinetic parameters were altered, leading to the conclusion that PBE has some influence on the crystallization of PEO, modifying its mechanism. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Morphology, isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(methylene terephthalate)

The morphology of crystals, isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of poly(methylene terephthalate) (PMT) have been investigated by using polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The POM photographs displayed only several Maltese cross at the beginning short time of crystallization indicating that some spherulites had been formed. The crystal cell belonged to the Triclinic crystal systems and the cell dimensions were calculated from the WAXD pattern. The commonly used Avrami equation and that modified by Jeziorny were used, respectively, to fit the primary stage of isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization. The Ozawa theory was also used to analyze the primary stage of non-isothermal crystallization. The Avrami exponents n were evaluated to be in the range of 2-3 for isothermal crystallization, and 3-4 for non-isothermal crystallization. The Ozawa exponents m were evaluated to be in the range of 1-3 for non-isothermal crystallization in the range of 135-155 °C. The crystallization activation energy was calculated to be −78.8 kJ/mol and −94.5 kJ/mol, respectively, for the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization processes by the Arrhenius’ formula and the Kissinger’s methods.