基于多重信号分类法的一种声矢量阵方位估计算法

为了提高声矢量阵高分辨方位估计的性能,文中提出了一种矢量阵MUSIC方位估计算法。该算法先构造声矢量阵声压和振速组合输出的互协方差矩阵,然后进行MUSIC方位估计。理论分析和计算机仿真表明,文中算法比传统声矢量阵MUSIC方位估计算法有更好的双目标分辨能力和弱目标方位估计能力,湖试结果也表明文中算法有更好的目标方位估计性能。该算法基于矢量传感器声压和振速的相干性原理,充分利用声压振速组合指向性抗干扰能力,可以更好地抑制各向同性干扰,提高阵列的处理增益,从而有更好的方位估计性能。     

Multipath time delay estimation of underwater acoustic sinusoidal signals

To overcome the performance limitation of multipath time-delay estimation posed by underwater acoustic sinusoidal signals, an approach incorporating the frequency-domain weighting of the highly oscillatory Nonlinear Least Squares （NLS） cost function with the evolu- tionary optimization was proposed to facilitate the accurate estimation of the multipath timedelay of sinusoidal signals. In the described method, the number of the effective multipath signals, which is included into the parameter model as well as the multipath time-delay and amplitude factor, can be estimated simultaneously thus avoiding the requirement of additional computation. The experimental results performed with numerical simulation and sea-trial data are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness and precision enhancement of the proposed algorithm.     

利用船舶噪声的自相关与倒谱联合估计多径时延

对2007南海试验中多个航路船舶噪声的自相关和倒谱特征进行了分析研究,结果发现:近距离处倒谱图中的时延峰曲线消失、自相关相对倒谱有更高的时延峰检测信干比。类似现象此前未见报道,说明在一定条件下采用单一自相关法或倒谱法均难于连续检测时延峰。为解决这一问题,首先应用射线声学理论结合数值仿真,解释了该试验现象的产生与“随距离减小,倒谱和自相关的时延峰绝对幅度分别减小和增大”的性质有关,进而提出了一种利用船舶噪声的自相关和倒谱联合估计多径时延的方法。海试数据处理结果表明:本文方法能够稳健地跟踪多径时延峰,有效地弥补传统单一自相关法和倒谱法的不足,对解决多径时延的连续估计问题有明显效果。     

High resolution time-delay estimation of underwater target geometric scattering

The geometric scatterings carry the information of the shape of an underwater target. While the time-delay of the weak geometric scattering exists in the received signal cannot be obtained accurately by the conventional time-delay estimation methods because of the limit of the main-lobe width and the interferences from the side-lobe. In this paper, we propose a high resolution time-delay estimation (HRTDE) scheme consisting of two steps. Firstly, when a linear-frequency-modulated (LFM) pulse is transmitted by sonar, the dechirping method transforms the geometric scatterings with different time-delays into multiple single-frequency components respectively, in which the frequency of the dechirped signal shows a linear relationship with the time-delay of the geometric scattering. Then the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is adopted to increase the spectrum resolution when multiple single-frequency signals exist in the dechirped signal and the frequency interval is smaller than the frequency resolution limit of the Fourier transform. Simulation results show that the main lobe of the proposed scheme is sharper and with less interference from the side-lobe, compared with the conventional time-delay estimation methods. The results from the anechoic pool experiment demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves a better time-delay estimation performance for the weak geometric scattering generated by the bottom edge of the underwater target model than match filter based methods.     

水声信号稀疏重构的高阶累积量波达方向估计

高阶累积量具有高斯噪声抑制和阵元扩展特性,将高阶累积量引入水声信号的方位估计中,提出了离格稀疏贝叶斯学习重构的高阶累积量测向算法。该方法利用高阶累积量对高斯噪声的自然盲性,计算阵列信号四阶累积量来滤除高斯噪声,使阵元在原来的结构上扩展了一倍;并构造出选择矩阵剔除了四阶累积量中的冗余项,能再一次的扩展阵元,得到的新观测模型具有更好的统计性能;最后利用空域稀疏性,推导出四阶累积量下的离格稀疏表示模型,采用贝叶斯学习解算出源信号的最大后验概率,实现了目标方位估计。数值仿真和海试实验数据表明,该方法在相邻声源方位间隔为4°的情况下分辨概率可达到95%以上,在信噪比大于-5 dB时目标方位估计的均方根误差在1°以内,可显著抑制背景噪声干扰,在多声源密集分布条件下也能准确、稳健的对水声目标方位进行估计。     

Direction of arrival estimation based on high-order cumulant by sparse reconstruction of underwater acoustic signals

The high-order cumulant with the characteristics of Gaussian noise suppression and array expansion, can be introducd into the direction of arrival(DOA) estimation of the underwater acoustic signals. A DOA estimation algorithm based on high-order cumulant by off-grid sparse Bayesian learning is proposed. Considering the natural blindness of the highorder cumulant to Gaussian noise, the fourth-order cumulant of the array signal is calculated to filter out the Gaussian noise, with the doubled array...     

用子空间旋转不变法同时估计水下多目标的距离和方位

提出了一种可在单次回波内同时完成方位和时延估计的高分辨新方法,它采用于空间旋转不变法(ESPMT方法)的思路构造两个子阵,通过对其自相关矩阵和互相关矩阵的广义特征分解,用特征值估计多目标方位,用特征向量估计多目标时延,利用特征值和特征矢量的对应关系自动实现方位和时延参数的配对.计算机仿真结果表明,该方法的分辨能力、估计精度和正确配对概率都优于常规方法,较好地实现了水下多目标距离和方位的同时估计及配对,进而可对多目标进行定位.     

Experimental demonstration of underwater acoustic communication using bionic signals

This paper applies dolphin whistles to covert underwater acoustic (UWA) communication and proposes a UWA communication scheme based on M-ary bionic signal coding. At the transmitter end, the scheme maps multiple information bits into a dolphin whistle through a signal selector. At the receiver end, passive time reversal mirror (PTRM) is used for channel equalization and source information is restored according to the decision of which whistle is transmitted. The scheme has high spread spectrum gain. The anti multi-path performance is greatly improved when using PTRM. Different from traditional covert UWA communication methods, this mimicked signal is unlikely to alert an adversary even in high SNRs because of its real existence in marine environment. A tank experiment is conducted for the scheme, at communication rate of 50 bit/s with SNR −5 dB user information is recovered at a very low bit error rate. The results of tank experiment demonstrate the feasibility of this covert UWA communication scheme.     

水声信号稀疏重构高分辨角度-多普勒成像

针对傅氏空时二维谱估计分辨率低以及声呐空时采样数据样本数不足给角度-多普勒成像带来困难的问题,提出一种水声信号稀疏重构的高分辨角度-多普勒成像方法和抗混响空时滤波器的稀疏重构方法。该方法在声呐阵列单测量向量的极少观测样本条件下,建立阵列信号的空时稀疏表示模型,应用稀疏表示的匹配追踪算法和基追踪算法重构回波与混响的高分辨角度-多普勒像。并根据运动声呐回波与混响的空时分布规律及声呐待检测距离单元位置的先验信息,沿着混响空时分布脊线设计混响稀疏表示的专用空时导向向量字典,通过重构抗混响空时滤波器来抑制角度-多普勒平面的混响干扰。对运动声呐前视和侧视阵列的计算机仿真结果表明,在混响背景中,该方法采用声呐阵列单测量向量重构了低速运动目标多亮点回波的高分辨角度-多普勒像,频率分辨率突破傅里叶分辨率,角度分辨率突破阵列瑞利限,分辨率明显优于傅氏空时谱估计。     

High-resolution angle-Doppler imaging by sparse recovery of underwater acoustic signals

The low resolution of Fourier two-dimensional spatial temporal spectrum estimation and the insufficient sample size of sonar space time sampling data often caused difficulties in high-resolution space time spectrum estimation. Aiming to solve this problem, we proposed a high-resolution angle-Doppler imaging method and designed an anti-reverberation space time filter based on the sparse recovery of underwater acoustic signals. The proposed imaging method established the spatial temporal sparse re...     

多频带水声信道的时频联合稀疏估计

多频带水声信道多径结构在相邻数据块和不同子频带存在相关性,从分布式压缩感知的角度可对这种时频联合稀疏特性进行利用。但是,在传统联合稀疏模型下水声信道间存在的不同多径时延部分形成差异支撑集,由此引入的干扰导致估计性能下降,提出利用多路径选择机制进行差异支撑集检测;同时,进一步结合频域子频带信道间、时域相邻数据块信道间存在的相关性进行频带-时间域联合稀疏估计.利用数值仿真及海试实验结果进行了性能验证和比较,表明利用时频联合稀疏估计构造的水声通信接收机改善了匹配性能,可获得较为明显的输出信噪比、误比特率等通信性能提升.从而说明:利用多频带水声信道在时域、频域存在的联合相关性可有效提高信道估计性能。