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1.
The method described may be used to measure traces of oxygen in sodium, whatever the potassium content is. In addition, if the sample is very pure, a non-destructive analysis is possible. Experience shows that nitrogen or boron can be determined in the same way if one of these elements is predominant with respect to the others.   相似文献   

2.
An apparatus ensuring identitical irradiation conditions for three samples and a standard of large volumes is reported. The interference caused by the protons originating from the16O(γ, p)15N reaction is determined. Results show that the secondary rection18O(p, n)18F induced by the protons of the former reaction gives an apparent fluorine content in natural waters of 0.015 μg/g for a maximum gamma photon beam energy of 21 MeV.   相似文献   

3.
The determination of lithium by measuring7Be, produced by proton or deuteron activation, has been studied. The extent of interference from boron or beryllium, which also form7Be, was measured. The calculated sensitivity limits when activating for one hour with 10μA beams of 14 MeV protons or 25 MeV deuterons are, for lithium, 1·10−1 and 2.5·10−2 ppm and for boron, 2·10−1 and 1·10−1 ppm, respectively.   相似文献   

4.
Résumé On expose les méthodes mises au point pour déterminer les très faibles teneurs en carbone et oxygène dans le sodium ou le césium. Ces deux éléments sont en effet do sables respectivement par les réactions nucléaires suivantes:12C (γ, n)11C et16O(γ, n)15O. Les procédés de séparation chimique utilisés pour séparer carbone 11 et oxygène 15 sont décrits. L'influence des réactions nucléaires compétitives produisant ces mêmes radioisotopes à partir des autres impuretés ou de la matrice dans le cas du sodium est discutée. On donne de nombreux exemples d'applications. Ces méthodes ont en particulier permis de déterminer des teneurs en oxygène de quelques 10−1 μg/g, et en carbone d'environ 1 μg/g, dans le sodium. Les concentrations trouvées dans le césium sont plus élevées. On compare les résultats avec ceux obtenus par d'autres méthodes.  相似文献   

5.
The stability constants for zirconium and hafnium, chloride, thiocyanate, sulfate, oxalate and phosphate complexes have been investigated by solvent extraction with β isopropyltropolone. The influence of pH has in general been taken into account.  相似文献   

6.
The determination of oxygen in molybdenum by means of α activation analysis is described. The separation of fluorine is performed by extraction with diphenyldichlorosilan. The results concerning oxygen surface concentrations, determined using nuclear reactions induced by low energy deuterons are reminded.   相似文献   

7.
The activation of18O and19F by the reactions18O(γ, p)17N and19F(γ, 2p)17N was determined as a function of the maximum energy of the bremsstrahlung beam. By the use of this method it is possible to measure oxygen or fluorine by counting the delayed neutrons emitted by17N with a half-life of 4.2 sec.   相似文献   

8.
Surface effects in the determination of sulfur by neutron activation analysis Thermal neutron activation analysis leads to overestimated sulfur contents in some metals. This phenomenon was studied for samples of iron. It is attributed to ineffective chemical etching arising from dissolution of the metal through a surface layer which retains impurities, especially sulfur-35. Significant amounts of this isotope are produced at the surface through the 35Cl(n, γ)35S reaction. Experimental modifications which lead to the correct sulfur concentration are proposed.  相似文献   

9.
Résumé L'auteur transforme la macrométhode deH. Funk et deM. Ditt pour déterminer le cobalt avec l'acide anthranilique en microméthode gravimétrique. Cette méthode trés exacte, est décrite en détail.
Summary A gravimetric micro method for determining cobalt by means of anthranilic acid, based on the macro method ofH. Funk andM. Ditt, has been developed. The performance of this accurate method is described.

Zusammenfassung Die vonH. Funk undM. Ditt angegebene Makromethode zur Bestimmung des Kobalts mit Anthranilsäure wird nach Ermittlung der passenden Reaktionsbedingungen zu einer gravimetrischen Mikromethode umgearbeitet. Die Ausführung dieser genauen Methode wird beschrieben.


Suite de l'étude sur l'acide anthranilique comme réactif en analyse microchimique quantitative.Ch. Cimerman etP. Wenger: Sur le microdosage du zinc au moyen de l'acide anthranilique. Mikrochemie,18, 53 (1935). Cf.:W. Prodinger: Organische Fällungsmittel in der quantitativen Analyse. Stuttgart 1937, S. 29.  相似文献   

10.
P. Wenger  Z. Besso 《Mikrochimica acta》1941,29(3-4):240-246
Summary (L) A gravimetric method of microdetermination of copper with anthranilic acid has been established, the cristalline copper anthranilate salt being used, according to the three microchemical classical technics. Let us note that in thePregl procedure it is advisable to neutralise the reagentafter the precipitation. The quantity of copper never should exceed 2 mg., this is probably due to the sensibility of the reaction.Further, an optimum reagent excess of 30% must be used in all cases. When a too large excess is present, it is difficult to eliminate it from the precipitate.Dilution should be greater than with any other cations, this is an important factor on which the authors insist, as did the authors who studied the macromethod.The influence of other salts being present in the solution will be given in a next paper. Zinc, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, lead, mercury(II) react with anthranilic acid in the same way as copper, producing insoluble salts.If two or more of these cations are present in the solution, a preliminary separation should be effected.As too high results were obtained (1 up to 2,5%) in a few cases, the authors tried to treat the dried precipitate which had been weighed and squashed with alcohol or ether on a water bath during 10 to 20 minutes, hoping to eliminate the eventual excess of adsorbed reagent in the precipitate. This failed to lead to success and the idea of dissolving the excess of anthranilic acid in solvents after weighing the precipitate was abandoned.
Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine mikrogewichtsanalytische Methode zur Kupferbestimmung mit Anthranilsäure ausgearbeitet, und zwar für alle drei klassischen Arten der mikroanalytischen Technik. Beim Verfahren nachPregl ist es empfehlenswert, das Reagensnach der Fällung zu neutralisieren. Stets darf jedoch eine Kupfermenge von 2 mg nicht überschritten werden, was zweifellos auf die große Empfindlichkeit der Reaktion zurückzuführen ist.Der optimale Reagensüberschuß ist in allen Fällen 30%. Ein allzu großer Überschuß ist unter allen Umständen zu vermeiden, da er aus dem Niederschlag nicht mehr entfernt werden kann.Ein wichtiger, unbedingt zu berücksichtigender Umstand ist die Verdünnung, die beim Kupfer, analog zu der makroanalytischen Methode, größer als bei den anderen untersuchten Kationen sein muß.In einer späteren Mitteilung wird über den Einfluß von Fremdsalzen berichtet werden, die bei einer Analyse gleichzeitig in der Lösung anwesend sein können. Es sei daran erinnert, daß Zink, Kobalt, Nickel, Cadmium, Blei und Quecksilber(II) ebenso wie das Kupfer mit Anthranilsäure unlösliche Salze bilden. Man muß also eine vorhergehende Trennung ausführen, wenn zwei oder mehrere der genannten Kationen sich in derselben Lösung vorfinden.In einigen Fällen, in denen zu hohe Resultate erhalten worden waren (um 1 bis 2,5%), wurde versucht, den getrockneten, gewogenen und schließlich fein zerdrückten Niederschlag mit Alkohol oder Äther 10 bis 20 Minuten lang auf dem Wasserbad zu behandeln, um den Reagensüberschuß, der unter Umständen vom Niederschlag absorbiert worden ist, zu entfernen. Da dieses Verfahren jedoch nicht zum Ziel führte, wurde der Gedanke einer nachträglichen Verbesserung der Ergebnisse durch Behandeln des getrockneten Niederschlages mit Lösungsmitteln, in denen sich die Anthranilsäure löst, aufgegeben.
  相似文献   

11.
Résumé De micro-analyse par réaction nucléaire est utilisée pour étudier la répartition d'éléments polluants dans les végétaux. C'est ainsi que la détection directe du rayonnement α de la réaction19F (p,α)18O est un moyen d'observer quantitativement la répartition du fluor accumulé par des aiguilles polluées d'Abies alba. Par cette technique, qui permet de mesurer la quantité de fluor réparti près de la surface, nous avons mis en évidence deux sites distincts d'accumulation du fluor: l'un à la pointe nécrosée de l'aiguille, le deuxième dans la bande étroite de tissus faisant la démarcation entre les tissus sains et les tissus nécrosés. La répartition du fluor le long de l'aiguille et les teneurs mesurées diffèrent selon la face considérée: la face supérieure est plus polluée que la face intérieure. L'age des aiguilles intervient d'autre part sur l'importance de l'accumulation fluorée.  相似文献   

12.
The determination of oxygen in lead and in lead antimony by means of α-activation analysis is described. The separation of fluorine resulting from irradiation of oxygen is performed by extraction with diphenyldichlorosilan in isopropyl ether. In the case of lead antimony alloy, a more complex separation scheme of fluorine from iodine resulting from irradiation of antimony is described.   相似文献   

13.
14.
Activation analysis by charged particles may encounter great difficulties when ‘parasitic’ reactions induce in the matrix itself the same radionuclide as the one requested by the reaction for analytical aim. In this investigation we study reactions inducing18F activity in silicon and we show the importance of these reactions for determining low levels of oxygen in silicon by the reactions \(O\mathop \to \limits^\alpha {}^{18}F\) . For irradiations carried out with 54 MeV α-particles, the profile of18F production in silicon presents an activity decreasing very rapidly from the surface to depths of 500 μm without any connection with the \(O\mathop \to \limits^\alpha {}^{18}F\) activation curve. The diffusion of18F nuclides created at the surface from the oxide bed does not at all explain that result. The differences between these curves are attributed to parasitic reactions inducing18F activity in silicon. In order to confirm the reaction \(Si\mathop \to \limits^\alpha {}^{18}F\) we also investigated the profile of24Na and29Al production by another parasitic reaction in silicon. It is pointed out that the choice of incident energy is quite primordial, for analyses of oxygen in silicon with 54 MeV α-particles are not quite suitable. The best energy range appears to be around 35 MeV.  相似文献   

15.
The (γ, n) activation curves for 17 elements were determined as a function of energy between 25 and 42 MeV. From these are deduced the detection sensitivities intrinsically possible for an average beam intensity of 100 μA. Our experimental results are compared with values calculated byG. J. Lutz. The activation curves relative to certain competitive nuclear reactions on N, O and Na, liable to interfere in the measurements of C, N and F, were also determined. It is shown that the relative importance of these competitive nuclear reactions decreases rapidly for energies below 30 MeV and becomes practically negligible at 25 MeV.   相似文献   

16.
《Materials Chemistry》1982,7(1):35-42
Electrical measurements of corrosion scales growing on copper and nickel in SO2O2 atmospheres show a different behaviour for both metals. For copper, the electrical conductivity indicates that Cu2S is formed in pure SO2 and Cu2O in SO2O2 mixtures (ratio PSO2/PO2 = 105). In the case of nickel, the high conductivity of product scales in atmospheres containing pure SO2 or SO2O2 is consistent with an interconnected Ni3S2 phase in NiO. In all cases the corrosion scales have a positive Seebeck coefficient.  相似文献   

17.
Résumé Le dosage de l'oxygène par radioactivation avec les particules chargées alphas et hélions-3 a été appliqué au silicium et au germanium. Des précisions ont été apportées aux conditions opératoires en analyse non destructive qui est utilisable à l'heure actuelle en toute sécurité pour le silicium. Une méthode nouvelle d'isolement du fluor-18 est proposée en présence des activités étrangères créées à partir de la matrice dans l'irradiation du germanium.  相似文献   

18.
Increasing interest is devoted in geochemistry to the determination of minor elements in rocks and minerals with the best analytical precision. The use of different methods is quite useful to point out and overcome the systematic and specific interferences of the geological matrix. 14 MeV neutron activation analysis can be used for such a purpose as an additional check method. A successful attempt has been made in the determination of rubidium in different geochemical standards. A sensitivity of 100 ppm can be reached with a 5% precision without any interference problem.  相似文献   

19.
The standard enthalpy of formation of tellurium tetrafluoride has been determined: by combustion in fluorine:
by reaction in a normal solution of soda:
  相似文献   

20.
Ion-beam surface analysis of light elements such as oxygen and carbon in light matrices (boron in our case) is mainly subject to matrix interferences. Using a telescope detection system we show that (d, p) reaction for carbon and proton backscattering for oxygen are able to lead to concentration profiles on the first microns of bulk boron samples. Data processing is described and analytical results are shown, making evidence of the purification obtained using electronic bombardment furnace. Comparing with other phhsical methods of analysis, limitation and improvements of this procedure are discussed.   相似文献   

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