Copper‐Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Enoldiazoimides with Sulfur Ylides

Enoldiazoimides, a new subclass of enoldiazo compounds, generate enol‐substituted carbonyl ylides whose reactions with sulfur ylides enable an unprecedented formal [4+2] cycloaddition. The resulting multifunctionalized indolizidinones, which incorporate sulfur, are formed in good yields under mild reaction conditions. The uniqueness of this transformation stems from the role of the silyl‐protected enol, since the corresponding acetyldiazoimide failed to provide any cross‐products in metal‐catalyzed reactions with sulfur ylides. This copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition is initiated with the generation of enol‐substituted carbonyl ylides and sulfur ylides from enoldiazoimides and sulfonium salts, respectively, and proceeds through stepwise six‐membered ring formation, C?O and C?S bond cleavage, and silyl and acetyl group migration.     

Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of α‐Substituted Iminoesters with α‐Trifluoromethyl α,β‐Unsaturated Esters

Reported herein is an example of highly regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective Cu(I)‐catalyzed intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of α‐substituted iminoesters with α‐trifluoromethyl α,β‐unsaturated esters. This novel strategy provided a facile access to pyrrolidines with two skipped (aza)quaternary stereocenters including a CF₃ all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter. A broad substrate scope was observed and high yields (up to 94%) with excellent diastereoselectivity (up to >20 : 1 d.r.) and enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) were obtained.     

Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbonylative [2+2+1] Cycloaddition of Bis(allene)s: Bicyclo[6.3.0]undecadienones and Bicyclo[5.3.0]decadienones

No templates needed : The title reaction makes it easy to construct the bicyclo[6.3.0]undecadienone framework in high yields (see scheme). A template effect is not required to achieve this ring‐closing reaction efficiently. The present method can be applied to the construction of bicyclo[5.3.0] and bicyclo[4.3.0] ring systems. Ts=p‐toluenesulfonyl.

     

Reversal of the Regiochemistry in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition between Vinyldiazoacetates and Dienes

A regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective [4+3] cycloaddition between vinylcarbenes and dienes has been achieved using the dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst [Rh₂(S‐BTPCP)₄]. This methodology provides facile access to 1,4‐cycloheptadienes that are regioisomers of those formed from the tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement reaction of vinylcarbenes with dienes.     

Rhodium Enalcarbenoids: Direct Synthesis of Indoles by Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed [4+2] Benzannulation of Pyrroles

Disclosed herein is the design of an unprecedented electrophilic rhodium enalcarbenoid which results from rhodium(II)‐catalyzed decomposition of a new class of enaldiazo compounds. The synthetic utility of these enalcarbenoids has been successfully demonstrated in the first transition‐metal‐catalyzed [4+2] benzannulation of pyrroles, thus leading to substituted indoles. The new benzannulation has been applied to the efficient synthesis of the natural product leiocarpone as well as a potent adipocyte fatty‐acid binding protein inhibitor.     

Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopentyl β‐Amino Esters by [3+2] Cycloaddition of Enecarbamates with Electrophilic Metalloenolcarbene Intermediates

Chiral cyclopentyl β‐amino esters are formed catalytically by [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of enecarbamates with electrophilic metalloenolcarbenes in high yield with up to 98 % ee and excellent diastereocontrol. Use of β‐silyl‐substituted enoldiazoacetates with a chiral dirhodium catalyst and trans‐β‐arylvinylcarbamates are optimal for this transformation, which occurs with hydrogen‐bond association between the vinylcarbamate and the intermediate metalloenolcarbene. Reductive conversion of the protected amino esters forms highly functionalized cyclopentyl β‐amino acids and 3‐aminocyclopentanones.     

Copper(I) Zeolites as Heterogeneous and Ligand‐Free Catalysts: [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Imines

Clicking in zeolites : Copper(I)‐exchanged zeolites proved to be practical and efficient catalysts for the cycloaddition of azomethine imines with alkynes, providing a convenient access to N,N‐bicyclic pyrazolidinone derivatives (see scheme). With high regioselectivity, 100 % atom economy, and convenient product isolation, this heterogeneously catalyzed version of the Dorn cycloaddition corresponds to click‐chemistry criteria.

     

Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with β‐Trifluoromethyl β,β‐Disubstituted Enones

Reported herein is an asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with β‐trifluoromethyl β,β‐disubstituted enones, a reaction which is enabled by a Ming‐Phos‐derived copper(I) catalyst (Ming‐Phos=chiral sulfinamide monophosphines, Figure 2 ). This method provides scalable and efficient access to the highly substituted pyrrolidines with a trifluoromethylated, all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter in good yields with up to greater than 20:1 d.r. and 98 % ee. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.     

[4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions Between 1,8‐Disubstituted Cyclooctatetraenes and Diazo Dienophiles: Stereoelectronic Effects,Anticancer Properties and Application to the Synthesis of 7,8‐Substituted Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐2,4‐dienes

A detailed examination of [4+2] cycloaddition reactions between 1,8‐disubstituted cyclooctatetraenes and diazo compounds revealed that 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐dione (PTAD) reacts to form either 2,3‐ or 3,4‐disubstituted adducts. The product distribution can be controlled by modulating the electron density of the cyclooctatetraene. Unprecedented [4+2] cycloadditions between diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) and 1,8‐disubstituted cyclooctatetraenes are also described and further manipulation of a resulting cycloadduct uncovered a new pathway to the synthetically challenging bicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐2,4‐diene family. Variation of the substituents resulted in a range of compounds displaying selective action against different human tumour cell types.     

Copper Salt‐Controlled Divergent Reactivity of [Cu]CF2PO(OEt)2 with α‐Diazocarbonyl Derivatives

Herein, we report a copper salt‐controlled divergent reactivity toward α‐diazocarbonyl compounds. By a simple change of the copper counteranion under identical reaction conditions, the reported method allowed an easy access to either (Z)‐α‐fluorovinylphosphonate or alkyl‐SCF₂PO(OEt)₂ derivatives in good yields. Mechanistic studies were performed and suggested two different pathways to explain the formation of these products.     

Access to 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines through Gold‐Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition

A new synthetic route to the privileged 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines is reported. This method, which relies on a gold‐catalyzed formal [4+2] cycloaddition between ynamides and imines, provides a new retrosynthetic disconnection of the 1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline core by installing the 1,8a C?C and 2,3 C?N bonds in one step. Both aldimines and ketimines can be used as substrates. In addition, one example of dihydrofuropyridine synthesis is also demonstrated.     

Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Polyfluoroarenes through Direct CH Bond Functionalization

The copper(I)‐catalyzed alkylation of electron‐deficient polyfluoroarenes with N‐tosylhydrazones and diazo compounds has been developed. This reaction uses readily available starting materials and is operationally simple, thus representing a practical method for the construction of C(sp²)? C(sp³) bonds with polyfluoroarenes through direct C? H bond functionalization. Mechanistically, copper(I) carbene formation and subsequent migratory insertion are proposed as the key steps in the reaction pathway.