Carbon Nanotubes Coated Fiber for Solid‐Phase Microextraction of Bovine Fibrinogen and Bovine Serum Albumin

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a kind of novel and interesting carbon material which can be used for separation and purification. In this investigation, commercial solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fibers (PDMS) were coated with single‐wall nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi‐wall nanotubes (MWNTs) to study their adsorption and extraction ability of proteins, and bovine fibrinogen (BFg) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were selected as the target proteins. While MWNTs adsorbed more BFg than SWNTs, SWNTs adsorbed more BSA than MWNTs. CNTs can selectively adsorb BFg in certain conditions. The fibers coated with CNTs had advantages over traditional SPME fibers in selectivity and sensitivity. It could be used to separate BFg in bovine blood plasma and also purify BFg from it. The results show that the selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility of this method are good for real sample analysis.     

牛血清白蛋白在超薄纳米二氧化钛膜表面的印迹与吸附

基于溶胶凝胶分子印迹方法,以溶胶二氧化钛TiO2为基质印迹了牛血清白蛋白分子。用1%的NaOH溶液可有效地除去纳米TiO2印迹膜中的模板分子。采用石英晶体微天平现场技术,研究了牛血清白蛋白在超薄纳米TiO2膜表面的吸附行为。研究表明,牛血清白蛋白在印迹膜和非印迹膜上的吸附量都随溶液浓度增加而增大,印迹膜具有吸附的特异性和可再生性,其吸附量是非印迹膜的3~5倍;在非印迹膜上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,而在印迹膜上的吸附符合allosteric吸附模型;牛血清白蛋白在非印迹膜上的吸附量先随pH升高而增大,当pH为5左右时达到最大值,随后吸附量又随pH的增大而减小;而在印迹膜上其吸附量仅随pH增大而增大。     

槲皮素与酪蛋白和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用及共存碳纳米管的影响

采用荧光猝灭和同步荧光法,研究了磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS, pH=7.4)中有无碳纳米管(CNTs)共存时,荧光活性物质槲皮素(Qct)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和酪蛋白(Cas)的相互作用. 推导了方法1(固定蛋白质浓度, 改变Qct浓度, 测量蛋白质荧光改变)和方法2(固定Qct浓度, 改变蛋白质浓度, 测量Qct荧光改变)研究分子间作用的一般方程, 由非线性最小二乘拟合法测算了结合常数K和摩尔结合比n, 并藉此定量评估了“光内滤所致猝灭”效应的影响. 研究了共存CNTs或Qct对BSA或Cas的荧光猝灭效应, 及CNTs对Qct-BSA和Qct-Cas相互作用的影响. 以同步荧光法考察了CNTs或Qct对BSA或Cas构象的影响, 并测算了CNTs或Qct与蛋白质中酪氨酸(Tyr)或色氨酸(Trp)残基相关的K和n. 结果表明, CNTs主要与处于蛋白质分子表面附近的Trp残基作用, 而小分子Qct则还可与处于蛋白质分子内部的Tyr残基作用.     

Interactions of Quercetin with Casein and Bovine Serum Albumin as well as the Effects of Coexisting Carbon Nanotubes

Fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence methods were used to study the interactions of fluore-scence-active quercetin (Qct) with casein (Cas) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH=7.4) with or without coexisting carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Formulae for binding constant (K) and molar binding ratio (n) were established for methods 1 (fixing protein concentration, changing Qct concentration, and monitoring the fluorescence of protein) and 2 (fixing Qct concentration, changing protein concentration, and monitoring the fluorescence of Qct), to which values of K and n were calculated via nonlinear least-square fitting of the experimental data, and the “optical inner filtering induced fluorescence quenching” effect was thus quantitatively evaluated. The quenching effects of coexisting CNTs on the fluorescence of Qct, BSA, and Cas, as well as the effects of coexisting CNTs on Qct-BSA and Qct-Cas interactions, were examined. Synchronous fluorescence was also used to examine the effects of coexisting CNTs and Qct on the conformations of BSA and Cas, with relevant K and n values for tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) residues estimated. It was concluded that the CNTs mainly interacted with the Trp residues locating near the protein surfaces, but small-sized Qct molecules could further interact with the Tyr residues locating inside the protein molecules.     

Determination of Phenolic Compounds Based on the Tyrosinase‐ Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Sensor

An amperometric sensor to phenolic compound was successfully constructed by immobilizing tyrosinase on the SWNTs modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode, which was covered with Nafion film. The sensitivity of the tyrosinase‐SWNTs sensor to phenol was 155 μA/mM. The tyrosinase‐SWNTs sensor also had good response to catechol, p‐chlorophenol and m‐cresol. Furthermore, benzoic acid could be detected based on the inhibition to tyrosinase activity.     

基于静电自组装牛血清白蛋白复合膜的研究

利用静电层层自组装技术制备了聚乙烯亚胺-牛血清白蛋白复合膜,通过紫外-可见分光光度法监测该组装过程。牛血清白蛋白溶液的质量浓度为0.1g·L-1,聚乙烯亚胺溶液的浓度为10mmol·L-1,石英片基底在两种溶液中的浸泡时间为均为5min,每次浸泡后用水清洗3次,每次1min。多层膜在特征吸收处的吸光度随膜层数递增均匀增加,且吸光度与膜层数间呈线性关系,这表明该复合膜是均匀组装的。该组装过程具有良好的重现性。该复合膜的组装方法有望用于制备酶生物传感器。     

Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on Novel Red-emission BODIPY for Determination of Bovine Serum Albumin

A novel red-emission boron-dipyrromethene（BODIPY） dye with a pyrrole ring was synthesized simply via one-pot reaction. The spectral properties of it were investigated under the conditions of different solvents. The results show that the as-prepared BODIPY dye is extremely sensitive to solvent polarity, and the fluorescent emission enhances with the decrease of solvent polarity. In aqueous buffer, the addition of bovine serum albumin leads to a ratiometric change in absorption spectra with an association constant of 1.16×10^6 L/mol. Meanwhile, the fluorescence emission increases greatly at 622 nm but changes slightly at 575 nm. The response time is very short（less than 3 min）, and the changes of color can be noticed by naked eyes. Bovine serum albumin can be detected by this ratiometric fluorescence probe, but other proteins or enzymes cannot be detected by this method, which indicates that this novel dye has high selectivity towards bovine serum albumin. The reason is that bovine serum albumin has suitable hydro- phobic cavities for binding with the dye. In addition, the dye molecule can penetrate cell membrane easily and make a fast fluorescent stain, which makes it a potential probe for living-cell fluorescence imaging.     

Immobilization of a Monolayer of Bovine Serum Albumin on Gold Nanoparticles for Stereo‐specified Recognition of Dansyl‐norvaline

The assembly strategy to prepare a monolayer of bovine serum albumin on the surface of silica gel supported gold nanoparticles is described. The stereo‐specific recognition ability of this material was evaluated by enantioresolution of Dansyl‐norvaline. For enantiomeric separation, the influences of buffer concentration and the concentration of organic modifier on the separation performance were investigated. A better separation in terms of enantioresolution and peak shape was found with the phosphate concentration at 30 mM. Moreover, the peak shape and resolution can be improved by the addition of methanol solution. Enantioresolution of Dansyl‐norvaline was obtained from this material at optimized conditions. It appears that the immobilization of a monolayer of bovine serum albumin on gold nanoparticles as the chiral selector of Dansyl‐derivative amino acid is promising.     

氨基硅球表面印迹牛血清白蛋白分离条件的初步探讨

采用固定模板蛋白表面印迹的方法,在氨丙基衍生的硅球表面制备溶胶-凝胶印迹聚合物识别牛血清白蛋白.以该体系为例对制备蛋白质印迹聚合物的各个基本参数与分离选择性的关系进行研究.结果表明,用正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷在摩尔比为42.5:42.5:15,酸度为pH 7.0时进行聚合,并采用01 mol/L NaOH与10%(V/V) HAc-10%(m/V) SDS联用的方法洗脱固定的模板蛋白,由此制备的印迹聚合物的分离选择性能较好;并初步讨论了识别蛋白质的机理.     

荧光素与牛血清蛋白作用的光谱研究与分析应用

研究了在生理条件下,荧光素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用形成复合物,最大吸收峰的波长480nm,比荧光素红移9nm。该法简便、快速,线性范围宽,干扰少,灵敏度较高,用于牛血蛋白样品测定的结果准确。     

水溶性羟基化单壁碳纳米管与人血清白蛋白之间的相互作用研究

利用荧光光谱、UV吸收光谱、同步荧光光谱和透射电子显微镜等技术较为系统地研究了水溶性羟基化单壁碳纳米管与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用. 实验发现, 这种羟基化单壁碳纳米管可以明显猝灭HSA的内源荧光, 且猝灭效应随碳纳米管浓度增大而增强. 同时, HSA对水溶性羟基化单壁碳纳米管起到一定的分散和稳定作用. 同步荧光光谱表明, 二者之间的相互作用可导致HSA的构象发生变化, HSA的色氨酸残基荧光信号发生2 nm的红移, 表明色氨酸残基周围微环境的极性降低.     

Studies on Reaction Mechanism Between Sparfloxacin and Bovine Serum Albumin

The binding of sparfloxacin and bovine serum albumin(BSA) in aqueous solution was studied by means of fluorescence and absorbance spectra, and the interactions influenced by Fe^3 and Cu^2 were explored. Based on the Scatchard‘s site binding model and fluorescence quenching, practical formulas for a small molecule ligand attaching to a bio-macromolecule are proposed. The binding parameters were measured according to the suggested models, and the binding distance, the transfer efficiency of energy between sparfloxacin and BSA were obtained in view of the F6rster theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The effect of sparfloxacin on the conformation of BSA was analyzed by means of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

硅胶表面牛血清白蛋白分子印迹聚合物的制备及分子识别性能

报道了以氨丙基硅胶为载体,将其表面醛基化后通过亚胺键共价键合牛血清白蛋白,再用两种硅烷化试剂氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和正辛基三甲氧基硅烷进行聚合,合成表面印迹牛血清白蛋白分子印迹聚合物的方法。本方法以共价键印迹蛋白质,用草酸洗脱。表面印迹有利于大分子蛋白质向印迹位点的扩散和再结合,合成的印迹聚合物对牛血清白蛋白的吸附率达44.5%,而其它蛋白的吸附率小于17%,显示对模板蛋白具有特异吸附能力。     

光谱法研究巯嘌呤与血清白蛋白的相互作用

利用荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱法研究了巯嘌呤药物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和人血清白蛋白(HAS)分子间的相互结合反应.测得巯嘌呤与BSA、HAS反应的结合平衡常数分别为:2.39×103L/mol、1.28×103L/mol.根据Forster非辐射能量转移理论,求算了给体(BSA和HAS)与受体(巯嘌呤)间的结合距离和能量转移效率.用同步荧光法考察了巯嘌呤对BSA和HAS构象的影响.证实了巯嘌呤药物与牛血清白蛋白和人血清白蛋白的相互结合作用为单一的静态猝灭过程.     

环丙沙星与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

研究了不同酸度条件下,环丙沙星(CPFX)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)间的相互作用,讨论了药物对BSA构象的影响,证实了二者间相互作用为单一的动态猝灭过程,求出了猝灭常数,并依据能量转移理论确定了药物与蛋白的最近距离.     

Construction of Bovine Serum Albumin/AIE‐Based Quaternary Complexes for Efficient Gene Transfection

High transfection efficiency and superior cell imaging are required for cationic polymers‐based gene delivery system to afford high therapeutic effect but its high toxicity and unstable cell imaging are easily ignored. In this study, cationic amino poly(glycerol methacrylate) derivative (PGMA‐EDA) is used to incorporate bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecular (tetraphenylethylene derivatives, TPE) as an efficient carrier for gene transfection and intracellular imaging. The obtained polymer/pDNA‐TPE/BSA (PDTB) quaternary nanoparticles (NPs) not only exhibit efficient gene transfection but also show excellent biocompatibility. After inclusion of TPE/BSA (TB) NPs, BSA promoted dissociation of the complexes upon being protonated and the lipophilic TPE‐reduced endosomal membrane stability, which enhanced endosomal escape of pDNA payload, finally resulting in an excellent gene transfection. On the other hand, less positive surface charge of PDTB NPs than that of the binary PD complexes, as well as the addition of biocompatible BSA, both factors contribute to the improved cell viability. Moreover, the AIE feature of TPE compared to aggregation‐caused quenching character of conventional fluorophores enables the complex with stably tracking the delivery of pDNA into cancer cells. Therefore, the newly developed PDTB complexes may be a promising candidate vector for traceable, safe, and effective gene delivery.     

核壳纳米粒子与牛血清白蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱的研究

本文用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)系统地研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与Ag/Pt核壳纳米粒子的相互作用,特别是核壳纳米粒子与被吸附的牛血清白蛋白分子之间的界面作用,并用紫外可见光谱、圆二色光谱(CD)作为辅助手段进一步证实了BSA与核壳纳米粒子的作用状况.通过紫外光谱研究发现,核壳纳米粒子的特征吸收峰的消失表明纳米粒子完全被牛血清白蛋白包覆.用近紫外CD光谱探讨了血清白蛋白的芳基氨基酸(苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸)残基微环境的变化.为探讨牛血清白蛋白与Ag/Pt核壳纳米粒子的作用机理及纳米尺寸的生物效应奠定了理论基础.     

硝酰基荧光探针与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

在模拟生理条件下,用光谱法研究了硝酰基(HNO)探针(4-[2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate]-N-butyl-1,8-naphtalimide,NIM)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明,探针与BSA之间主要是静态猝灭方式。药物代替实验表明,探针与BSA的色氨酸残基相结合。由热力学数据确定了二者之间的作用力类型为静电引力。二者之间的结合距离为3.73nm。利用同步荧光、CD光谱、红外光谱以及三维荧光光谱考察了探针对BSA构象的影响。     

灿烂绿与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

用荧光光谱法、紫外光谱法研究了灿烂绿(BG)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用的光谱特性。测定了BG与BSA在16℃、30℃、45℃三个温度下的结合常数KA和结合位点数n。结果表明:BG对BSA内源荧光的猝灭主要为静态猝灭;以范德华力或氢键作用力与牛血清白蛋白相互作用。研究了BG对BSA的构象的影响。     

Binding Interaction of Xanthoxylin with Bovine Serum Albumin

Three independent techniques have been used to investigate the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and xanthoxylin (XT). UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy measurements showed that there is a XT-BSA complex formed with an overall binding constant of K=1.01×10⁵ L⋅mol⁻¹. Spectroscopic techniques including synchronous fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used to assess the structural effects of XT binding on BSA. The FT-IR experiments showed that there is a decrease of the amount of α-helix from 50.2 to 48.1% and an increase of the β-sheet from 32.9 to 36.9% in the XT-BSA complex. In addition, XT binds to site I of the protein with a distance of 2.07 nm between tryptophan residues and XT.