Reactions of Imidoyl Isoselenocyanates with Aromatic 2‐Amino N‐Heterocycles and 1‐Methyl‐1H‐imidazole

The reaction of N‐phenylimidoyl isoselenocyanates 1 with 2‐amino‐1,3‐thiazoles 10 in acetone proceeded smoothly at room temperature to give 4H‐1,3‐thiazolo[3,2‐a] [1,3,5]triazine‐4‐selones 13 in fair yields (Scheme 2). Under the same conditions, 1 and 2‐amino‐3‐methylpyridine ( 11 ) underwent an addition reaction, followed by a spontaneous oxidation, to yield the 3H‐4λ⁴‐[1,2,4]selenadiazolo[1′,5′:1,5] [1,2,4]selenadiazolo[2,3‐a]pyridine 14 (Scheme 3). The structure of 14 was established by X‐ray crystallography (Fig. 1). Finally, the reaction of 1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole ( 12 ) and 1 led to 3‐methyl‐1‐(N‐phenylbenzimidoyl)‐1H‐imidazolium selenocyanates 15 (Scheme 4). In all three cases, an initially formed selenourea derivative is proposed as an intermediate.     

Photocyclodimerization of 5‐Methyl‐2H‐pyran‐3(6H)‐one

The structures of the main products resulting from photocyclodimerization of the title compound 2 and of other 3‐methyl‐substituted ‘oxacyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones’ (=dihydropyranones) were determined by X‐ray crystallography. In connection, the ¹³C‐NMR chemical shifts of the cyclobutane C‐atoms of these dimers allow a clear differentiation between head‐to‐head and head‐to‐tail regioisomers, all structurally related to those of isophorone ( 1 ).     

Novel Route to 4‐(Adamantan‐1‐yl)quinoline Derivatives Based on the Friedländer Condensation

2,3,4‐Trisubstituted quinolines, substituted with adamantan‐1‐yl or (adamantan‐1‐yl)methyl in the 4‐position, were prepared from the corresponding admantan‐1‐yl 2‐aminophenyl ketones or admantan‐1‐ylmethyl 2‐aminophenyl ketones and ketones with an α‐CH₂ group. These reactions were carried out under neat conditions or in toluene, and the products were obtained in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. The scope and limitations of the examined procedures are discussed. All new compounds are fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of five new quinolines, obtained via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, are discussed.     

Synthesis of 1‐Methyl‐6,10‐diphenylheptalene Derivatives

The reduction of heptalene diester 1 with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAH) in THF gave a mixture of heptalene‐1,2‐dimethanol 2a and its double‐bond‐shift (DBS) isomer 2b (Scheme 3). Both products can be isolated by column chromatography on silica gel. The subsequent chlorination of 2a or 2b with PCl₅ in CH₂Cl₂ led to a mixture of 1,2‐bis(chloromethyl)heptalene 3a and its DBS isomer 3b . After a prolonged chromatographic separation, both products 3a and 3b were obtained in pure form. They crystallized smoothly from hexane/Et₂O 7 : 1 at low temperature, and their structures were determined by X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis (Figs. 1 and 2). The nucleophilic exchange of the Cl substituents of 3a or 3b by diphenylphosphino groups was easily achieved with excess of (diphenylphospino)lithium (=lithium diphenylphosphanide) in THF at 0° (Scheme 4). However, the purification of 4a / 4b was very difficult since these bis‐phosphines decomposed on column chromatography on silica gel and were converted mostly by oxidation by air to bis(phosphine oxides) 5a and 5b . Both 5a and 5b were also obtained in pure form by reaction of 3a or 3b with (diphenylphosphinyl)lithium (=lithium oxidodiphenylphospanide) in THF, followed by column chromatography on silica gel with Et₂O. Carboxaldehydes 7a and 7b were synthesized by a disproportionation reaction of the dimethanol mixture 2a / 2b with catalytic amounts of TsOH. The subsequent decarbonylation of both carboxaldehydes with tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(1+) chloride yielded heptalene 8 in a quantitative yield. The reaction of a thermal‐equilibrium mixture 3a / 3b with the borane adduct of (diphenylphosphino)lithium in THF at 0° gave 6a and 6b in yields of 5 and 15%, respectively (Scheme 4). However, heating 6a or 6b in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) in toluene, generated both bis‐phosphine 4a and its DBS isomer 4b which could not be separated. The attempt at a conversion of 3a or 3b into bis‐phosphines 4a or 4b by treatment with t‐BuLi and Ph₂PCl also failed completely. Thus, we returned to investigate the antipodes of the dimethanols 2a, 2b , and of 8 that can be separated on an HPLC Chiralcel‐OD column. The CD spectra of optically pure (M)‐ and (P)‐configurated heptalenes 2a, 2b , and 8 were measured (Figs. 4, 5, and 9).     

Syntheses,Structures, Electrochemistry,and Electrocatalysis of Three Copper(II) Coordination Polymers constructed from 5‐[4‐(1H‐Imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl]‐1H‐tetrazole

Three coordination polymers (CPs) based on the 5‐[4‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl]‐1H‐tetrazole ( HL ) ligand, namely, [Cu(μ₂‐ L )(μ₄‐pbda)(H₂O)] ( 1 ), [Cu₂(μ‐Hbtc)(H₂btc)(μ₃‐OH)(μ₄‐ HL )] ( 2 ) and [Cu₅(μ₃‐ L )(μ₄‐ L )(μ₃‐ip)(μ₃‐OH)(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O ( 3 ) (H₂pbda = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, H₃btc = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, H₂ip = isophthalic acid) were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 represents “weave”‐type 2D layers consisting of wave‐like 1D chains and 1D straight chains, which are further connected by hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular structure. Complex 2 exhibits a uninodal (4)‐connected 2D layer with a point symbol of {4⁴ · 6²}, in which the L ligand can be described as μ₅‐bridging and the H₂btc^– ions display multiple kinds of coordination modes to connect Cu^II ions into 1D “H”‐type Cu‐H₂btc chains. In complex 3 , 2D Cu‐ L layers with two kinds of grids and 1D “stair”‐type Cu‐ip chains link each other to construct a 3D {4¹² · 6³} framework, which contains the pentanuclear subunits. Deprotonated degree and coordination modes of carboxylate ligands may consequentially influence the coordination patterns of main ligands and the final structures of complexes 1 – 3 . Furthermore, electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic activities of the title complexes were analyzed at room temperature, suggesting practical applications in areas of electrocatalytic reduction toward nitrite and hydrogen dioxide in aqueous solutions, respectively.     

Reactions of 2‐Unsubstituted 1H‐Imidazole 3‐Oxides with 2,2‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)ethene‐1,1‐dicarbonitrile: A Stepwise 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition

The reaction of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1H‐imidazole‐3‐oxides 1 with 2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)ethene‐1,1‐dicarbonitrile ( 7 , BTF) yielded the corresponding 1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ones 10 and 2‐(1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)malononitriles 11 , respectively, depending on the solvent used. In one example, a 1 : 1 complex, 12 , of the 1H‐imidazole 3‐oxide and hexafluoroacetone hydrate was isolated as a second product. The formation of the products is explained by a stepwise 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and subsequent fragmentation. The structures of 11d and 12 were established by X‐ray crystallography.     

Reactions with 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐methylbutananilides: Unexpected Formation of a Cyclopropanecarboxamide

The successive treatment of the N,N‐disubstituted 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanamide 2a with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and diphenyl phosphorochloridate (DPPCl) led to the 1‐methylcyclopropanecarboxamide 10 in good yield. This base‐catalyzed cyclization offers a new approach to cyclopropanecarboxamides. Under similar conditions, the N‐monosubstituted 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutanamide 2b gave the 3‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one 11 . The structure of the cyclopropanecarboxamide 10 was established by X‐ray crystallography.     

3,5‐Dihydro‐2H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrrole 1,1‐Dioxide – A New Simple Pyrrole Unit. Preliminary Communication

2,3‐Dihydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide (‘2‐sulfolene’) reacted with tosylmethyl isocyanide (TsMIC) in the presence of a base to give the hitherto unknown 3,5‐dihydro‐2H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrrole 1,1‐dioxide (‘β′‐sulfolenopyrrole’) from the expected cyclocondensation. A serendipitous formation of this β′‐sulfolenopyrrole was found earlier, when we investigated synthetic routes to a 3,5‐dihydro‐1H‐thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole 2,2‐dioxide (a ‘β″‐sulfolenopyrrole’) from TsMIC and 2,5‐dihydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide (‘3‐sulfolene’). Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of β′‐sulfolenopyrrole. The X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses of β′‐sulfolenopyrrole and the isomeric β″‐sulfolenopyrrole are also reported here. This β′‐sulfolenopyrrole is a new type of a functionalized pyrrole, which is likely to be of interest for pharmaceutical purposes.     

Synthesis and Asymmetric Oxidation of (Caranylsulfanyl)‐1H‐imidazoles

For the first time 2‐(cis‐caran‐4‐ylsulfanyl)‐1H‐imidazole, 1‐methyl‐2‐(cis‐caran‐4‐ylsulfanyl)‐1H‐imidazole, and 2‐(cis‐caran‐4‐ylsulfanyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole (carane=3,7,7‐trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane) were synthesized, and the asymmetric oxidation of these compounds was also carried out. It was shown that oxidation by the Bolm system and the modified system of Sharpless lead to corresponding sulfoxides with de values of 91–100%.     

cis‐trans Peptide‐Bond Isomerization in α‐Methylproline Derivatives

α‐Methyl‐L ‐proline is an α‐substituted analog of proline that has been previously employed to constrain prolyl peptide bonds in a trans conformation. Here, we revisit the cis‐trans prolyl peptide bond equilibrium in derivatives of α‐methyl‐L ‐proline, such as N‐Boc‐protected α‐methyl‐L ‐proline and the hexapeptide H‐Ala‐Tyr‐αMePro‐Tyr‐Asp‐Val‐OH. In Boc‐α‐methyl‐L ‐proline, we found that both cis and trans conformers were populated, whereas, in the short peptide, only the trans conformer was detected. The energy barrier for the cis‐trans isomerization in Boc‐α‐methyl‐L ‐proline was determined by line‐shape analysis of NMR spectra obtained at different temperatures and found to be 1.24 kcal/mol (at 298 K) higher than the corresponding value for Boc‐L ‐proline. These findings further illuminate the conformationally constraining properties of α‐methyl‐L ‐proline.     

The Synthesis of Some New N‐[1‐(2,5‐Dichlorophenyl)‐5‐Methyl‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl]‐Carbamic Acid Ester Derivatives

The synthesis of some new N‐[1‐(2,5‐dichlorophenyl)‐5‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl]‐carbamic acid ester derivatives are reported in this paper. The yielded products 6a‐l were confirmed by Elemental analyses, NMR, MS, and IR spectra.     

Synthesis of 4‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)(aryl)methyl)‐5‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3(2H)‐ones using nano‐Zn‐[2‐boromophenyl‐salicylaldimine‐methylpyranopyrazole]Cl2 nanoparticles

Nano‐Zn‐[2‐boromophenyl‐salicylaldimine‐methylpyranopyrazole]Cl₂ (nano‐[Zn‐2BSMP]Cl₂) as a nanoparticle Schiff base complex and a catalyst was introduced for the solvent‐free synthesis of 4‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)(aryl)methyl)‐5‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3(2H)‐ones by the multicomponent condensation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes, β‐naphthol, ethyl acetoacetate, and phenyl hydrazine at room temperature.     

A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 3‐[(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)carbonyl]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones (=3‐[(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)carbonyl]‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐ones)

An efficient one‐pot synthesis of 3‐[(4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)carbonyl]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (=3‐[(4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3yl)carbonyl]‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one) derivatives 4 by a four‐component reaction of a salicylaldehyde 1 , 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, a benzylamine 2 , and a diaroylacetylene (=1,4‐diarylbut‐2‐yne‐1,4‐dione) 3 in EtOH is reported. This new protocol has the advantages of high yields (Table), and convenient operation. The structures of these coumarin (=2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one) derivatives, which are important compounds in organic chemistry, were confirmed spectroscopically (IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).     

Two different one‐dimensional supramolecular chains formed from the reaction of 2‐[1‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]quinoline with two different precursors,Co(NO3)2 and CoCl2

Two different one‐dimensional supramolecular chains with Co^II cations have been synthesized based on the semi‐rigid ligand 2‐[1‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]quinoline (L), obtained by condensation of 2‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)quinoline and 4‐(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Starting from different Co^II salts, two new compounds have been obtained, viz. catena‐poly[[[dinitratocobalt(II)]‐μ‐2‐[1‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]quinoline] dichloromethane monosolvate acetonitrile monosolvate], {[Co(NO₃)₂(C₂₂H₁₆N₄)]·CH₂Cl₂·CH₃CN}_n, (I) and catena‐poly[[[dichloridocobalt(II)]‐μ‐2‐[1‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]quinoline] methanol disolvate], {[CoCl₂(C₂₂H₁₆N₄)]·2CH₃OH}_n, (II). In (I), the Co^II centres lie in a distorted octahedral [CoN₃O₃] coordination environment. {Co(NO₃)₂L}_n units form one‐dimensional helical chains, where the L ligand has different directions of twist. The helical chains stack together via interchain π–π interactions to form a two‐dimensional sheet, and another type of π–π interaction further connects neighbouring sheets into a three‐dimensional framework with hexagonal channels, in which the acetonitrile molecules and disordered dichloromethane molecules are located. In (II), the Co^II centres lie in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal [CoCl₂N₃] coordination environment. {CoCl₂L}_n units form one‐dimensional chains. The chains interact via C—H...π and C—H...Cl interactions. The result is that two‐dimensional sheets are generated, which are further linked into a three‐dimensional framework via interlayer C—H...Cl interactions. When viewed down the crystallographic b axis, the methanol solvent molecules are located in an orderly manner in wave‐like channels.     

Formation and Molecular Structure of an Ion Pair Iron (II) Compound Derived from 2,6‐Bis‐ [1‐(2,6‐dibromophenylimino) ‐ethyl] pyridine and 2‐Acetyl‐6‐[1‐(2, 6‐dibromophenylimino)‐ethyl] pyridine

Two novel tridentate ligands of 2,6‐bis‐[l‐(2,6‐dibromophenylimino) ethyl] pyridine (L₁) and2‐acetyl‐6‐[1‐(2,6‐dibromophenylimino) ethyl] pyridine (L2) have been synthesized. The iron(II) complex of L₁ and L₂ has been characterized with the crystal structure of [Fe(L₁)(L₂)]²⁺ [FeCl₄]² CH₂Cl₂ [monoclinic, P2₁ (#11), a = 1.0562(4), b = 2.0928(4), c = 1.2914(2) nm, β = 100.12°, V = 2.810(1) nm³ D_c = 1.879 g/cm³ and Z = 2].     

三氯化铟高效催化3-(1-吡咯基)吲哚-2-酮类化合物的合成方法

使用三氯化铟在乙醇中回流的条件下催化不同的靛红衍生物与4-羟基脯氨酸反应,以较高的产率(83-99%)和纯度合成得到了相应的产物3-(1-吡咯基)吲哚-2-酮化合物,并对这个反应做了一个比较全面系统的研究.     

One‐Step Synthesis of 1‐(4,5‐Diphenylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)thiourea

A simple and straightforward methodology toward the synthesis of novel 1‐(4,5‐diphenylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)thiourea has been developed by a one‐step reaction of isoflavones with amidinothiourea. A series of 16 new compounds was synthesized. All compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The structure of a typical compound was established by X‐ray diffraction. A variety of substrates can participate in the process with good yields and high purities, making this methodology suitable for library synthesis in drug discovery.     

A Novel Route to 1‐Substituted 3‐(Dialkylamino)‐9‐oxo‐9H‐indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles

Heptalenecarbaldehydes 1 / 1′ as well as aromatic aldehydes react with 3‐(dicyanomethylidene)‐indan‐1‐one in boiling EtOH and in the presence of secondary amines to yield 3‐(dialkylamino)‐1,2‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐9H‐indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles (Schemes 2 and 4, and Fig. 1). The 1,2‐dihydro forms can be dehydrogenated easily with KMnO₄ in acetone at 0° (Scheme 3) or chloranil (=2,3,5,6‐tetrachlorocyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐dione) in a ‘one‐pot’ reaction in dioxane at ambient temperature (Table 1). The structures of the indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles 5′ and 6a have been verified by X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses (Fig. 2 and 4). The inherent merocyanine system of the dihydro forms results in a broad absorption band in the range of 515–530 nm in their UV/VIS spectra (Table 2 and Fig. 3). The dehydrogenated compounds 5, 5′ , and 7a – 7f exhibit their longest‐wavelength absorption maximum at ca. 380 nm (Table 2). In contrast to 5 and 5′, 7a – 7f in solution exhibit a blue‐green fluorescence with emission bands at around 460 and 480 nm (Table 4 and Fig. 5).     

Efficient Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones Based on a Cyclization/Ring Cleavage Procedure

(Benzyloxycarbonyl)‐protected 3,4‐benzo‐7‐hydroxy‐2,9‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]non‐7‐enes were prepared by one‐pot cyclizations of 1,3‐bis(silyl enol ethers) with quinazolines. Subsequent hydrogenation resulted in one‐pot deprotection and rearrangement to give 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones.     

Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of (E)‐5‐[1‐(2‐Oxo‐1‐oxaspiro[4,5]dec/non‐3‐en‐3‐yl)ethylidene]‐2‐aminoimidazolin‐4‐one Derivatives

The novel fungicidal agents, (E )‐5‐[1‐(2‐oxo‐1‐oxaspiro[4,5]dec/non‐3‐en‐3‐yl)ethylidene]‐2‐aminoimidazolin‐ 4‐one derivatives, were designed and synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in four steps using α ‐hydroxyketone and diketene as raw materials and characterized by HR‐ESI‐MS , ¹H NMR and X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary bioassay showed that some of these compounds, such as 5e , 6a , 6e , and 7 h exhibit 87.8%, 91.3%, 89.9% and 87.8% inhibition rates against Sclerotinia scleotiorum , 3b , 3c , 4c and 7 h exhibit 96.4%, 92.5%, 90.3% and 76.9% inhibition rates against Phytophthora capsici at the concentration of 50 µg/mL , respectively. These compounds exhibited significant fungicidal activities against S. scleotiorum and P. capsici with EC₅₀ values of 2.56–11.60 µg/mL , and compounds 6e and 7 h exhibited weak inhibition against the spore germination of S. scleotiorum , while the spore germination of P. capsici was strongly inhibited by compound 7 h solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM ) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) observation indicated that compound 7 h had a significant impact on the structure and function of the hyphal cell wall of P. capsici mycelium.