Complex configuration mixing method

A method analogous to the configuration interaction scheme, based on the complex molecular orbital (CMO) wavefunction as a zero-order approximation, is developed. The CMO pairing representation is employed to solve problems related to non-orthogonalities characteristic of the CMO method. This complex configuration mixing method may compete with present theories of electronic correlation in molecules.     

稀土Th修饰的Co-B非晶态合金催化肉桂醛选择性加氢制肉桂醇

采用化学还原法制备了Th修饰的Co-B非晶态合金(Co-Th-B)并应用于液相肉桂醛选择性加氢制肉桂醇,Co-Th-B的活性和选择性显著高于非修饰Co-B,其中最佳,Th修饰量为10%,此时肉桂醇得率可达81.4%,且能够多次重复使用.结合系统表征,初步讨论了催化剂的构效关系以及Th对催化性能的促进作用.     

An analysis of the complex molecular orbitals method

Numerical results for the ground state of the HN ₂ ⁺ and HCO⁺ molecular ions at their near equilibrium geometry, obtained by the complex molecular orbitals (CMO) method in the extended basis set, are reported. The CMO wavefunction of the HN ₂ ⁺ ion is compared with the CI wavefunction obtained in the same basis set. This reveals the nature of approximations inherent in the CMO method. A peculiar feature of the occupation numbers of the CMO natural orbitals is also explained.Alexander von Humboldt Fellow. On leave from the Institute Rudjer Bokovi, Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia.     

Development of versatile CdMoO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for enhanced photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction and photocatalytic dye degradation applications

Fabrication of an efficient, stable, and versatile photocatalysts for the energy and environment remediation applications is an urgent task for the current researchers. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a versatile hybrid photocatalysts, i.e.; CdMoO₄/g-C₃N₄ (CMO/CN) by a facile and simple one-pot in-situ hydrothermal method. Here CdMoO₄ (CMO) microspheres were deposited on the g-C₃N₄ (CN) sheets. Fabricated CN, CMO, and CMO/CN composite photocatalysts were analyzed with various characterization techniques like UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), time-resolved fluorescence lifetime (TRFL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The results reveal that the formation of a strong heterojunction between two semiconductors leads to the formation of active photocatalyst. Furthermore, as-synthesized materials were tested for the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) in acidic medium, and photocatalytic (PC) degradation of methylene blue (MB) under light irradiation. Among all tested samples, CMO/CN-10 has shown the highest current density 52.74 mA cm^?2 at 1.95 V with lowest over potential of 0.70 mV on glassy carbon electrode for OER in acidic medium under the light irradiation. The PC degradation rate constant of CMO/CN-10 composite in MB solution is k = 2.0 × 10^?2 min^?1, whereas for the pure CMO and CN degradation rate constant is k = 5.7 × 10^?3 min^?1 and k = 1.2 × 10^?2 min^?1, respectively. This enhancement in PEC and PC properties is due to the fast migration of photo-induced electrons in the case of CMO/CN-10 nanocomposite. Trapping experiment results reveal the major reactive species for PC degradation of MB is ?OH (hydroxyl radicals) and h⁺ (holes), respectively, and suitable PC reaction mechanism also proposed for CMO/CN-10 composites. Based on the above remarkable results, it would be a potential nanocomposite for the PEC oxygen evolution and PC degradation of MB under light illumination.     

Intrinsic viscosities of four homopolymers and one copolymer in nonpolar solvents. I. Effect of correlations of molecular orientations

Intrinsic viscosities [η] of four homopolymers, polyisobutylene (PIB), polypentene-1 (PP-1), polypentenamer (PPmer), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and of an ethylene-propylene copolymer containing 81% ethylene (81% E) have been measured at 25°C in seven linear alkanes ranging from n-C₆ to n-C₁₆ and three highly branched alkanes, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane, and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane. Correlation of molecular orientations (CMO) in the polymers was investigated. The difference Δ[η] = [η](lin) ? [η](br) is used as a test of CMO with the supporting assumption that CMO lowers the free energy and the destruction of CMO raises it. The positive value of Δ[η], which varies from 20% to 40% for PPmer and 81% E, is indicative of orientational order in these two polymers. The negative value of Δ[η] for PDMS results from the disordering of linear alkanes by the nonordered PDMS. δ[η] is near zero for PP-1 and small for PIB implying that these two polymers are indifferent to solvent molecular shape. The variation of [η] with alkane chain length of the linear alkanes gives additional information about size and solvent quality. The dependence is small for ordered polymers due to the short range of CMO. [η] diminishes rapidly with n for PDMS probably because of the increased difference of cohesive energy between polymer and solvent. The dependence is small for PIB but very large for PP-1. The much better quality of small-molecule solvents for PP-1 may be an indication of a helicoidal conformation of this polymer in solution.     

Co-B非晶态合金催化肉桂醛液相选择性加氢制备肉桂醇的研究

本文首次报道Co-B非晶态合金催化剂应用于肉桂醛（CMA）液相选择性加氢制备肉桂醇（CMO），考察了催化活性、CMO选择性及其得率以及不同湿度预处理的影响。实验发现，Co-B非晶态合金催化剂的催化活性和对CMO的选择性显著优于Raney Co等催化剂，加热晶化后导致其催化活性显著下降而对CMO的选择性略有升高，根据XRD，SEM，XPS，BET等一系列的表征，初步讲座了Co-B催化剂催化性能与催化剂结构的关系。     

Synthesis of Cinnamyl Alcohol from Cinnamaldehyde with Bacillus stearothermophilus Alcohol Dehydrogenase as the Isolated Enzyme and in Recombinant E. coli Cells

The synthesis of the aroma chemical cinnamyl alcohol (CMO) by means of enzymatic reduction of cinnamaldehyde (CMA) was investigated using NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus both as an isolated enzyme, and in recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells. The influence of parameters such as reaction time and cofactor, substrate, co-substrate 2-propanol and biocatalyst concentrations on the bioreduction reaction was investigated and an efficient and sustainable one-phase system developed. The reduction of CMA (0.5 g/L, 3.8 mmol/L) by the isolated enzyme occurred in 3 h at 50 °C with 97 % conversion, and yielded high purity CMO (≥98 %) with a yield of 88 % and a productivity of 50 g/g_enzyme. The reduction of 12.5 g/L (94 mmol/L) CMA by whole cells in 6 h, at 37 °C and no requirement of external cofactor occurred with 97 % conversion, 82 % yield of 98 % pure alcohol and a productivity of 34 mg/g_{wet cell weight}. The results demonstrate the microbial system as a practical and efficient method for larger-scale synthesis of CMO.     

乙醇/水溶剂体系中Pt-Co/ZrO2催化剂上肉桂醛的选择性加氢性能

研究了乙醇/水溶剂体系中Pt-Co/ZrO2催化剂上肉桂醛的选择性加氢性能研究结果表明,在乙醇/水溶剂体系中,催化剂Pt-0.4% Co/ZrO2具有良好的肉桂醛加氢活性和生成肉桂醇的选择性.载体ZrO2的织构性质对Pt-Co/ZrO2催化剂的活性具有重要影响,具有较大孔径、高比表面积的载体有利于活性组分的分散和反应底...     

线形碳元素簇合物的成键性质

在ab initio 3-21G水平上, 用能量梯度法优化了线性碳元素簇合物C_n~e(n为成簇原子个数, e为电荷)的平衡几何结构. 所得的电离势随成簇原子个数的改变, 呈现出不同程度的奇偶交替变化趋势. 在ab initio计算基础上, 用Boys方法, 对其占据正则分子轨道进行定域化变换, 得到了它们的定域分子轨道. 对定域分子轨道性质的分析表明, 线性碳元素簇合物中, 主要键型有双中心σ和π健, 双中心弯键和三中心香蕉健, 以及多中心σ和π健. 这种键型的多样化可视为小元素簇的成健特征. 此外, 通过对其成键性质的分析, 讨论了线性碳元素簇的稳定性. 对于小碳元素簇, 化学键的共轭性对其稳定性具有十分显著的作用.     

Influence of Pore Structure on Catalytic Properties of Mesoporous Silica-supported Co-B Amorphous Alloys in Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol

Co‐B amorphous alloy catalysts supported on three kinds of mesoporous silica (common SiO₂, MCM‐41 and SBA‐15) have been systematically studied focusing on the effect of pore structure on the catalytic properties in liquid‐phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol (CMO). Structural characterization of a series of different catalysts was performed by means of N₂ adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, hydrogen chemisorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Various characterizations revealed that the pore structure of supports profoundly influenced the particle size, location and dispersion degree of Co‐B amorphous alloys. Co‐B/SBA‐15 was found more active and selective to CMO than either Co‐B/SiO₂ or Co‐B/MCM‐41. The superior catalytic activity could be attributed to the higher active surface area, because most of Co‐B nanoparticles in Co‐B/SBA‐15 were located in the ordered pore channels of SBA‐15 rather than on the external surface as found in Co‐B/SiO₂ and Co‐B/MCM‐41. Meanwhile, the geometrical confinement effect of the ordered mesoporous structure of SBA‐15 was considered to be responsible for the enhanced selectivity to CMO on Co‐B/SBA‐15, inhibiting the further hydrogenation of CMO to hydrocinnamyl alcohol.     

Localized molecular orbital energies within the CNDO/BW formulation

Localized molecular orbital (LMO ) energies obtained from the canonical molecular orbital (CMO ) energies and unitary transformation or from the matrix of the Fock operator and the LMO s are described. The results for water and ethylene are given, and compared with earlier work of Wilhite and Whitten.     

Canonical orbital contributions to the magnetic fields induced by global and local diatropic and paratropic ring currents

The induced magnetic field (IMF) of naphthalene, biphenyl, biphenylene, benzocyclobutadiene, and pentalene is dissected to contributions from the total π system, canonical π‐molecular orbitals (CMO), and HOMO→π* excitations, to evaluate and interpret relative global and local diatropicity and paratropicity. Maps of the IMF of the total π system reveal its relative strength and topology that corresponds to global and local diatropic and paratropic ring currents. The total π magnetic response is determined by this of canonical HOMOs and particularly by paratropic contributions of rotational excitations from HOMOs to unoccupied π * orbitals. Low energy excitations and similar nodal structure of HOMO and π * induce strong paratropic fields that dominate on antiaromatic rings. High energy excitations and different nodal structures lead to weak paratropic contributions of canonical HOMOs, which are overwhelmed by diatropic response of lower energy canonical orbitals in aromatic rings. CMO‐IMF analysis is found in agreement with ring current analysis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Selective detection of Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions in water using a host-guest complex between chromone and Q[7]

In this paper, the host-guest interaction of cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and chromone (CMO) has been developed as a fluorescent probe for the highly selective detection of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in water based on a chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism. There was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of the CMO@Q[7] probe and the concentration of Zn²⁺ or Cd²⁺ in the range of 0–3.0 × 10^–5 mol/L and the detection limit for Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was found to be 2.03 × 10^–6 mol/L and 1.89 × 10^–6 mol/L, respectively. The X-ray crystal structure indicated that different coordination fashions were triggered by Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in the CMO@Q[7] complexes, respectively. However, both metal ions coordinated with the carbonyl oxygen of CMO, which was encapsulated in the cavity of Q[7], thus leading to the enhancement of recognition fluorescence emission of CMO.     

High-capacity chitosan-based chelating resin for on-line collection of transition and rare-earth metals prior to inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry measurement

High-capacity chitosan-based chelating resin, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine-type chitosan, was synthesized using chloromethyloxirane (CMO) as a cross-linker and a coupling arms and hydroxylethylamine and bromoacetic acid as a synthesizer for the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine chelating moiety. The CMO could bind with both of hydroxyl and amino group of the chitosan resin, and then couple with the chelating moiety. Increasing the amounts of chelating moiety could increase the capacity of the resin toward metal ions. Most transition and rare-earth metals could adsorb quantitatively on the resin at wide pH ranges and could be separated from alkaline and alkaline-earth metals. The resin was packed in a mini-column (40 mm length × 2 mm i.d.) which was installed in a Multi-Auto-Pret system. The Multi-Auto-Pret system coupled with ICP-AES was successfully applied to the determination of transition and rare-earth metals in river water samples.     

锌对非晶态Co-B合金的改性及催化肉桂醛加氢为肉桂醇的研究

采用KBH4还原法制备了非晶态Co-B和Co-Zn-B催化剂,以肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇为探针反应,研究了Zn对Co-B非晶态催化剂的修饰改性作用,并采用XRD、DSC、XPS、和H2-TPD对催化剂进行了表征.研究表明,少量的Zn没有改变Co-B催化剂的非晶结构,但提高了催化剂主体的热稳定性,其中1%的Zn可使Co-B非晶态催化剂主体结晶放热峰提高12K,并在665K出现新的H2脱附峰,说明催化剂因掺入锌形成了新的氢吸附中心,锌在催化剂中以金属态和氧化态两种形式存在.催化剂的整体均衡而局部电子分布不均衡的缺陷势结构增强了对肉桂醛分子C=O双键O原子的侧链偶合吸附与金属氧化物的金属离子对羰基的极化作用协同活化了肉桂醛的C=O双键,提高了催化剂对C=O双键的加氢选择性.加氢反应工艺条件及催化剂寿命研究表明,适宜的反应温度为413K,氢压为2.5MPa,反应时间为3.0h,肉桂醇的最高产率可达84.0%,并具有较好的催化稳定性.     

Shape controlled synthesis of CaMoO4 thin films and their photoluminescence property

CaMoO₄ (CMO) disordered and ordered thin films were prepared by the complex polymerization method (CPM). The films were annealed at different temperatures and time in a conventional resistive furnace (RF) and in a microwave (MW) oven. The microstructure and surface morphology of the structure were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Order and disorder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical reflectance. A strong photoluminescence (PL) emission was observed in the disordered thin films and was attributed to complex cluster vacancies. The experimental results were compared with density functional and Hartree-Fock calculations.     

A statistical method for assessment of the existing correlations of hydrate forming conditions

Hydrate formation in the oil and gas industries has been a serious problem for a long time. It may cause many difficulties for instance in gas pipelines blockages. In order to determine the hydrate forming condition, gas gravity method has been used. Several correlations have been proposed based on gas gravity method. Checking the accuracy of the applied correlations is important. In this paper, the leverage approach is used for this purpose. Leverage approach is a statistical method for detection outliers which identifies the applicability domain(AD) of hydrate data predicting correlations and the quality of the existing data. Moreover, the Williams plot is sketched, which is a graphical depiction for determination of the doubtful points. The obtained results showed the existing correlations are all statistically correct and valid to predict hydrate formation temperature, just one data point is out of the applicability domains, and none of the experimental data can be chosen as outliers.     

Characterization of bond and current correlation structures in a molecular many-electron wave function

A method has been developed to analyzed the bond and current correlation structures of a molecular many-electron wave function. It is shown that the second order density matrix contains information about the bond and current correlations in its off-diagonal components with respect to the indices of orbital basis functions. We break down the off-diagonal correlation functions into five kinds: charge, spin scalar, spin quadrupole, charge spin, and spin polar correlation functions. For a real wave function, the four correlation functions, except for the spin polar one, have only symmetric–symmetric and antisymmetric–antisymmetric components. The former components give site–bond and bond–bond correlations of charges and spins, while the latter components give current–current correlations of charges and spins. The spin polar correlation function has only symmetric–antisymmetric components that give site–current and bond–current correlations of spins. The five off-diagonal correlation functions are expressed in terms of the off-diagonal components of the second order density matrix. The linked off-diagonal correlation functions are defined in that they give dynamical bond and current correlations. The method is applied to the analyses of the bond and current correlations in the low lying exact eigenstates of the PPP Hamiltonian of benzene.