Bounding the quality of stochastic oscillations in population models

We analyze general two-species stochastic models, of the kind generally used for the study of population dynamics. Although usually defined a priori, the deterministic version of these models can be obtained as the infinite volume limit of many stochastic models (which are necessarily defined by more parameters than the deterministic one). It is known that damped oscillations in a deterministic model usually correspond to oscillatory-like fluctuations in their deterministic counterparts. The quality of these “oscillations" depends on details of each stochastic model. We show, however, that the parameters of the deterministic system are generally enough to obtain very good bounds for the quality of “oscillations" in any of its stochastic counterparts. These bounds are shown to depend on only one dimensionless parameter.     

Pseudo-regular oscillations induced by external noise

An examination of the effect of noise on a general system at a saddle-node bifurcation has revealed that, in the limit of weak noise, the probability density of the time to pass through the saddle-node has a universal shape, the specific kinetics of the particular system serving only to set the time scale. This probability density is displayed and its salient features are explicated. In the case of a saddle-node bifurcation leading to relaxation oscillations, this analysis leads to the prediction of the existence of noise-induced oscillations which appear much less random than might at first be expected. The period of these oscillations has a well-defined, nonzero most probable value, the inverse of which is a noise-induced frequency. This frequency can be detected as a peak in power spectra from numerical simulations of such a system. This is the first case of the prediction and detection of a noise-induced frequency of which the authors are aware.     

二维映射神经元模型中频率依赖的随机共振

通过数值模拟方法, 研究了在具有稳定次阈值振荡特性的二维映射神经元体系中, 噪声对体系非线性动力学的调控作用. 通过计算发现了噪声诱导的动作电位和随机共振现象. 另外,还研究了体系的控制参数及输入信号的频率对体系动力学的影响, 发现了该体系中频率依赖的随机共振现象. 关键词： 二维映射神经元模型 次阈值振荡 高斯白噪声 随机共振     

Normal modes of oscillations of lattices

Polynomial equations are obtained for the solutions of the vibrational frequencies of a simple cubic, primitive orthorhombic and tetragonal Bravais lattices of finite size with particles connected to their nearest neighbours through both central and non-centrarl forces, but with arbitrary forces connecting the surface atoms to the rigid walls. The exact expressions of the different normal modes of oscillations and the amplitudes of vibration of different particles in various modes are obtained by solving three decoupled partial difference equations.     

Evolutionary dynamics of imatinib-treated leukemic cells by stochastic approach

The evolutionary dynamics of a system of cancerous cells in a model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is investigated by a statistical approach. Cancer progression is explored by applying a Monte Carlo method to simulate the stochastic behavior of cell reproduction and death in a population of blood cells which can experience genetic mutations. In CML front line therapy is represented by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib which strongly affects the reproduction of leukemic cells only. In this work, we analyze the effects of a targeted therapy on the evolutionary dynamics of normal, first-mutant and cancerous cell populations. Several scenarios of the evolutionary dynamics of imatinib-treated leukemic cells are described as a consequence of the efficacy of the different modelled therapies. We show how the patient response to the therapy changes when a high value of the mutation rate from healthy to cancerous cells is present. Our results are in agreement with clinical observations. Unfortunately, development of resistance to imatinib is observed in a fraction of patients, whose blood cells are characterized by an increasing number of genetic alterations. We find that the occurrence of resistance to the therapy can be related to a progressive increase of deleterious mutations.      

Macroscopic Lyapunov functions for separable stochastic neural networks with detailed balance

We derive macroscopic Lyapunov functions for large, long-range, Ising-spin neural networks with separable symmetric interactions, which evolve in time according to local field alignment. We generalize existing constructions, which correspond todeterministic (zero-temperature) evolution and to specific choices of the interaction structure, to the case ofstochastic evolution and arbitrary separable interaction matrices, for both parallel and sequential spin updating. We find a direct relation between the form of the Lyapunov functions (which describe dynamical processes) and the saddle-point integration that results from performing equilibrium statistical mechanical studies of the present type of model.     

微管内气泡的受迫振动

在气泡-液柱一维耦合振动模型的基础上对刚性微管两侧声压不相等时管内柱状气泡的轴向一维受迫振动进行了理论探索. 声压不均匀分布不影响气泡线性振动时的共振频率, 但振动幅度受到有效声压幅值的影响. 利用逐级近似法分析了管内非线性振动气泡的基频、三倍频和三分之一分频振动的幅-频响应关系, 结果表明当驱动声压超过0.1 MPa时, 气泡振动处于非线性状态. 非线性声响应特征主要表现为:基频和分频振动幅值响应的多值性; 三倍频振动在低频区响应强于高频区; 三分频振动在大于共振频率的频域内出现的概率更大.     

Beyond the new standard model in neutrino oscillations

We discuss effects of new physics (NP) in neutrino oscillation experiments. Such effects can modify a production neutrino flux, a detection cross-section and a matter transition. As a result, the NP effects change neutrino oscillations both in vacuum and in matter. A relation between the small effects of NP and the oscillation parameters is discussed. It is shown for which parameters the NP effects are suppressed and when they are potentially large. Oscillations of non-unitary mixed neutrinos are presented in more details.     

Metastable behavior of stochastic dynamics: A pathwise approach

In this paper a new approach to metastability for stochastic dynamics is proposed. The basic idea is to study the statistics of each path, performing time averages along the evolution. Metastability would be characterized by the fact that the process of these time averages converges, under a suitable rescaling, to a measure valued Markov jump process. Here this convergence is shown for the Curie-Weiss mean field dynamics and also for a model with spatial structure: Harris contact process.Partially supported by CNPq, Grant No. 301301/79.     

Quantum dynamical entropies for classical stochastic systems

We compare two proposals for the dynamical entropy of quantum deterministic systems (CNT and AFL) by studying their extensions to classical stochastic systems. We show that the natural measurement procedure leads to a simple explicit expression for the stochastic dynamical entropy with a clear information-theoretical interpretation. Finally, we compare our construction with other recent proposals.     

Time behaviour of electron oscillations in a plasma

Summary This paper analyses the transient part in the dynamical behaviour of electron oscillations in a partially ionized plasma. The influence of electron-neutral collisions on time evolution is pointed out. To speed up publication, the authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Impulsive control of stochastic system under the sense of stochastic asymptotical stability

This paper studies the stochastic asymptotical stability of stochastic impulsive differential equations,and estab-lishes a comparison theory to ensure the trivial solution’s stochastic asymptotical stability.From the comparison theory,it can find out whether the stochastic impulsive differential system is stable just by studying the stability of a deter-ministic comparison system.As a general application of this theory,it controls the chaos of stochastic L system using impulsive control method,and numerical simulations are employed to verify the feasibility of this method.     

Odd periodic window and bifurcations on 2D parameter space of low frequency oscillations

Low frequency current oscillations have been usually investigated under the influence of the external applied voltage, temperature and illumination. A parallel applied magnetic field has been used in the present work in order to obtain odd periodic windows and bifurcations inside them in a two dimension parameter space for a semi-insulating GaAs sample grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Two kinds of parameter spaces have been used in order to stabilize the odd periodic windows and the bifurcations, namely, the external applied voltage versus the parallel magnetic field and the illumination versus the parallel magnetic field. We report on a successful observation of stable cycles of periodicity 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 inside a period-3 window. An example of bifurcation route is presented following the sequence from chaos to 4, 3, 6, 3, 5, 7, 5, and back to chaos in the parameter space of voltage versus magnetic field. For this bifurcation route we will show which branch of the cycle is bifurcating and which are coalescing with the control parameters.     

Quantum oscillations in the underdoped cuprate

Quantum oscillations occur via Landau quantisation of the quasiparticle in a Fermi liquid at low temperature. In the light of currently popular notions their detection in the ortho-II-YBa₂Cu₃O_6.45 and YBa₂Cu₄O₈ crystals is inconsistent with this. We explain this in terms of multichannel Kondo model of the underdoped cuprate.     

弹性微管内气泡的非线性受迫振动

将弹性管壁视为膜弹性结构, 探索在外部声场作用下弹性微管内液柱-气泡-管壁构成耦合振动系统的非线性特征. 利用逐级近似法对系统非线性共振频率、基频和三倍频振动幅值响应、 分频激励共振机理等进行了理论分析. 基频和三倍频振动的幅-频响应数值结果表明: 气泡的轴向共振和管壁共振不能同时出现; 两垂直方向的振动均表现出幅值响应多值性, 进而可能引起系统的不稳定声响应; 三倍频振动在低频区的声响应强于高频区. 关键词： 弹性微管 受迫振动 非线性振动 气泡声响应     

Super Bloch oscillations in the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model

Recently, polarons in the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model under DC electric fields were established to perform Bloch oscillations, provided the charge-lattice coupling is not large. In this work, we study this model when the charge is subjected to an applied field with both DC and AC components. Similarly to what happens in the rigid lattice, we find that the carrier undergoes a directed motion or coherent oscillations when the AC field is resonant or detuned with respect to the Bloch frequency, respectively. The electric density current and its Fourier spectrum are also studied to reveal the frequencies involved in the polaron dynamics.     

The stochastic soliton-like solutions of stochastic mKdV equations

In this paper, the generally projective Riccati equations method is improved by means of a generalized transformation. The improved method can be applied to find not only some exact travelling wave solutions but also some soliton-like solutions with the aid of symbolic computation system — Maple. We choose Wick-type stochastic mKdV equations to illustrate the method. As a result, some stochastic soliton-like solutions are obtained.     

Activation by nonlinear oscillations and solitonic excitations

Local excitations in molecular systems are studied taking into account the influence of soft impurities. The dynamics of activation processes (high-energy events) due to nonlinear mechanisms is studied. The following examples of classical macroscopic systems with strong nonlinear interaction are investigated: 1D Toda chains, 1D Morse rings, and 3D systems of hard spheres including impurities. It is shown that solitonlike excitations may lead to the concentration of energy at definite sites (weak springs or soft spheres). The accumulation of energy is mainly due to soliton-fusion effects. In thermal equilibrium an optimum temperature exists, where the thermally averaged potential energy is preferably partitioned to the soft springs embedded into a hard-spring solvent. Further, we show that the effect of thermal energy localization and the temperature dependence also persists for solutions of soft spheres in hard-sphere solvents.     

Parametric resonance in neutrino oscillations in matter

Neutrino oscillations in matter can exhibit a specific resonance enhancement — parametric resonance, which is different from the MSW resonance. Oscillations of atmospheric and solar neutrinos inside the earth can undergo parametric enhancement when neutrino trajectories cross the core of the earth. In this paper we review the parametric resonance of neutrino oscillations in matter. In particular, physical interpretation of the effect and the prospects of its experimental observation in oscillations of solar and atmospheric neutrinos in the earth are discussed. On leave from National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia