石油焦中碳硫的测定

关于焦碳中碳的测定方法主要有燃烧 -非水滴定法或容量法[1～ 4] 、重量法[5] 、γ射线法[6] 和中子活化法[7] 。硫的测定方法主要有燃烧 -库仑法[8] 、燃烧 -红外吸收法[9] 或气相色谱法[1 0 ] 、X射线法[1 1 ] 。用CS- 34 4碳硫测定仪同时测定石油焦中碳硫含量 ,具有快速准确、人为误差小、测定范围宽的特点 ,为石油焦中碳硫的测定提供了一种简便、快速的方法。1　试验部分1 .1　主要仪器CS- 34 4碳硫测定仪 (美国 LECO公司 )坩埚 2 5mm× 2 5mm,在马弗炉中 1 30 0°C下灼烧 1 h以上。1 .2　试验方法1 .2 .1　碳标准校正 ( w C90 % )…     

利用压电频移分析法测定硫

1　引言硫是人体必需的元素之一,也是蛋白质等许多具有生物活性物质的重要组成元素。硫与人体健康的关系十分密切,硫的医疗价值越来越引起人们的重视,因此硫的测定具有重要意义。对于硫离子的测定,提出了包括极谱分析法[1]、电位分析法[2]、分光光度法[3]等多种分析方法。...     

工业萘加氢精制产品的气相色谱分析

工业萘经催化加氢制得精萘,实质上就是脱去其中的硫。化工部对精萘提出二项标准:1.硫脱到200ppm以下,2.四氢萘含量在3％以下。为达到其标准,关键是选择加氢催化性能良好的催化剂和评价出反应的最佳操作条件,为此,我们必须对工业萘加氢精制的产品(以下简称精萘)组成进行测定。硫含量用微库仑定硫仪或阮来镍法做控制分析。而四氢萘含量是用气相色谱法测定。     

碘量测测定低硫

硫是钢中有害元素 ,随着工厂的发展和对材料质量要求的提高 ,需对低硫进行精确测定。本法用HV- 1 1高速自动定碳定硫仪进行了一系列的分析试验。试验证明 ,可以满足钢中低硫 (特别是 ws<0 .0 1 % )测定精度的要求 ,克服了正常分析范围内该仪器对低硫测定精度的要求的不足 ,做到了碳、硫同时测定。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂HV- 1 1高速自动定碳定硫仪管式炉 ,电阻炉变压器碘酸钾标准溶液 :称取碘酸钾 0 .1 78g,溶于水后稀释至 1 L,浓度为 0 .0 0 5mol· L-1。分取此液50 ml,稀释至 1 L,加碘化钾 1 g,摇匀 ,配成0 .0 0 0 2 5mol·L-1碘…     

高频燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定煤中全硫含量

全硫含量是煤的重要指标之一,常规的全硫测定方法有艾士卡法、库仑法、高温燃烧中和法[1]。艾士卡是经典的硫含量测定方法,但是分析步骤繁琐,     

固溶体结构对Ca_(2-x)Sr_xZn_4Ti_(15)O_(36)∶Pr~(3+)发光性质的影响

0引言在绿色和蓝色长余辉发光材料达到应用程度之后,耐候性红色长余辉发光材料成为人们研究的重点。Eu3 、Sm3 激活的硫氧化物[1￣3]、Eu2 铝锶复合硫氧化物[4]和Y2O3∶Eu3 [5]等耐热耐水性红色长余辉材料被相继发现。Pr3 离子掺杂的碱土金属钛酸盐(M TiO3∶Pr,M=M g,Ca,Sr,Ba)是一种新型的红色长余辉发光材料。这种发光材料在615nm附近有很好的单色性红光发射。碱土金属钛酸盐基质化学性能稳定,已开始应用于场发射显示器(FE D)[6,7]。碱土金属钛酸盐是A BO3型化合物,具有钙钛矿结构。B all[8]曾通过在CaTiO3中掺入不同量的Sr2 …     

高温固硫物相硫铝酸钙的生成过程研究

利用XRD、SEM和KZDL 4M型快速智能测硫仪对硫铝酸钙的形成过程及添加剂对其生成过程的影响进行了研究,探讨了硫铝酸钙的生成与分解反应机理及添加剂对其生成与分解反应的影响。结果表明,1150℃～1450℃能生成硫铝酸钙,同时伴存12CaO7Al2O3,温度高于1350℃时,硫铝酸钙发生分解生成3CaO·Al2O3; MgO在一定程度上利于硫铝酸钙的形成;Fe2O3在较低温下能促进硫铝酸钙的形成,高温下则促进其分解;而SiO2能有效抑制CaSO4的高温分解,却不利于硫铝酸钙的生成。     

硫氰酸盐光度法测定加氢催化剂中钨含量

在石油加工过程中 ,加氢工艺是十分重要的 ,其中使用的加氢催化剂活性组元为钨 ,因此在研制、生产和使用加氢催化剂的过程中 ,均需严格控制和准确测定钨含量。目前 ,国内外已建立了多种测定钨的分析方法 ,有Ｘ射线荧光光谱法[1] ,ＩＣＰ ＡＥＳ法[2 ] 等 ,吸光光度法测定钨是较常用的方法[3 ,4 ] ,本法将试样用硫 磷混酸溶解 ,在还原剂三氯化钛作用下 ,六价钨被还原为五价钨 ,五价钨与硫氰化钾生成稳定络合物 ,可直接测定加氢催化剂中钨含量。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂72 1Ｂ型分光光度法 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )钨标准储备液 :1ｇ·Ｌ- 1…     

α-溴代二硫缩烯酮的制备及其反应

α-羰基二硫缩烯酮 ( 1 )是一类重要的有机合成中间体 ,作为 1 ,3-亲核体用于酯环、苯系芳烃及芳杂环化合物的合成[1～ 4 ] .Hosomi等 [5～ 7] 用有机铜试剂或二碘化钐和 α-羰基与二甲硫缩烯酮反应 ,将与硫相连的缩烯酮碳原子转化为亲核中心 .用不同的烷硫基作为调控基团将该类中间体用于二萜 pseu-dopterosins的合成 [8～ 10 ] ,并作为替代 Peterson法合成 1 ,1 -二烷硫基 - 1 ,3-丁二烯或 1 ,1 -二烷硫基 - 1 ,3,5 -己三烯 [11,12 ] ,从不同的角度对 α-羰基二硫缩烯酮在合成上的应用进行了新的探索 .Junjappa等 [13,14 ] 曾用 NBS和 …     

微库仑法测定轻质石油产品含硫量

微库仑测定石油及其产品中硫的方法已在国内外广泛应用,有的并已推荐为标准分析方法。近年来许多分析工作者又对其操作条件和操作技术进行了探索。在我们的工作中也发现库仑分析虽然是一个较好的方法,但在分析含硫低于1ppm的样品时,则操作较为困难。为了研究既能测定低含硫量,又能测定高含硫量样品的条件,我们用自制库仑仪进行了一些条件试验。通过改进转化系统简化了操作手续并降低了对气体纯度的要求。采用本法样品不经稀释可直接测定0.1—5000ppm的含硫量。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。