The study of the wake field effects on the self-focusing and the compression of the laser pulse in plasma at the relativistic regime by Lagrangian method

The trial function in the variational-Lagrangian method is a fundamental method to explain the essential features of the laser pulse evolution in the plasma. Self-focusing behavior and compression of the laser pulse in plasma are analyzed, for both low and high intensity regimes. It is shown that the compression threshold depends on both pulse intensity and pulse length. In particular, in both regimes, the compression threshold is directly proportional to the pulse length. This is while this threshold is directly, in the linear regime, and inversely, in the nonlinear regime, proportional to pulse intensity. In the present work, the existence of oscillations is revealed, with a behavior akin to laser pulse width. Finally, the effects of pulse intensity, pulse length, and plasma density on compression are analyzed.     

Stationary rescaled pulse in dispersion-decreasing fiber for pedestal-free pulse compression

By using the concept of a stationary rescaled pulse (SRP), we analyze an adiabatic soliton compression system based on dispersion-decreasing fiber (DDF). We show that a SRP can exist in a DDF with a linearly decreasing dispersion profile and that the SRP resembles a linearly chirped sech2 pulse. According to the analysis, we show numerically that pedestal-free pulse compression is possible by using the SRP.     

压缩平稳重调脉冲的色散渐减光纤的设计

文章根据平稳重调脉冲(SRP)在梳状光纤(CPF)结构中的压缩原理,对色散渐减光纤(DDF)的色散特性进行设计,结果发现该色散渐减光纤的色散特性呈线性递减.对于平稳重调脉冲其压缩比与功率比等于光纤始末两端二阶色散系数的比值.当色散渐减光纤的斜率足够小时,无啁啾基阶孤子可以近似为平稳重调脉冲,当色散渐减光纤的色散斜率较大时,无啁啾基阶孤子不能近似为平稳重调脉冲.当基阶孤子带有与光纤色散斜率成正比的线性啁啾时,脉冲的压缩比与功率比更接近于光纤始末两端二阶色散系数的比值.说明带有线性啁啾的基阶孤子比不带啁啾的基阶孤子更接近于平稳重调脉冲. 关键词： 平稳重调脉冲(SRP) 梳状光纤(CPF) 色散渐减光纤(DDF) 色散递减表达式     

利用拉曼孤子实现宽带拉曼脉冲压缩

从拉曼散射方程的出发,研究了利用拉曼孤子实现宽带拉曼脉冲压缩的机制,发现孤子脉冲的宽度随拉曼增益的增加减小,并与 运光的脉冲形状及相位结构有关。实验中利用ＸｅＣｌ激光／Ｈ２系统初步实现了５０％的压缩率,并将实验结果与理论进行了比较。     

Stationary rescaled pulse in dispersion-managed comblike profiled fiber for highly efficient and high-quality optical pulse compression

A stationary rescaled pulse (SRP) exists in a dispersion-managed comblike profiled fiber (DM-CPF) that consists of alternate concatenations of normal-dispersion highly nonlinear fiber and single-mode fiber. Numerical analysis reveals that the newly found SRP exhibits a nearly Gaussian temporal profile with a small amount of pedestal in spite of a relatively large compression ratio. We apply the SRP propagation to optical pulse compression based on DM-CPF and demonstrate highly efficient and high-quality optical pulse compression. Using a three-step DM-CPF, we experimentally show that a 2.6 ps width input pulse is successfully compressed to a nearly Gaussian pulse having the width of 0.39 ps and the peak-to-pedestal ratio of 19.3 dB.     

Saturable absorber mode-locking and laser pulse compression

The theoretical predictions of two alternative models of saturable absorber mode-locking in dye lasers are compared. The predicted mode-locking and pulse compression regimes are considered for both flashlamp-pumped and cw dye lasers, and some questions raised thereby are tested by numerical simulation of pulse propagation.     

Theory of group synchronism in free-electron waveguide lasers fed a sequence of short electron pulses

A theory of free-electron lasers fed a sequence of short electron pulses is developed. It is assumed that the group velocity of the electromagnetic pulse that develops in the cavity is the same as the translational velocity of the particles, and the repetition period of the electron pulses equals the transit time of the electromagnetic radiation in the cavity. Under these conditions of group synchronism, the principal factors governing the feasibility of establishing a stationary pulsed lasing regime are found to be the dispersive spread of the electromagnetic pulse and the channeling properties of an electron bunch. The conditions for self-excitation are found, and the characteristics of the stationary lasing regimes are determined assuming that the cavity has a high Q and using a parabolic equation for the evolution of the electromagnetic pulse shape. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 78–83 (February 1999)     

Analysis of nonadiabatically compressed pulses from dispersion-decreasing fiber

Frequency-resolved optical gating is used to characterize ultrashort optical pulses that are compressed nonadiabatically in dispersion-decreasing fiber. The pulses undergo an interesting temporal pulse breakup following dispersion in both the normal and anomalous regimes, and compression ratios close to the adiabatic limit are obtained. All behaviors are in excellent agreement with numerical integration of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation.     

Study of femtosecond soliton dynamics in photonic crystal fiber using the moment method

We investigate the dynamics of femtosecond solitons in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by including high-order dispersion terms until to sixth-order in the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, in addition to the nonlinear effects of the self phase modulation, self steepening and Raman scattering. We calculate theoretically the pulse parameters using the moment method. In the case of the fundamental soliton, our computed equations are coupled and difficult to solve analytically. However, we use the finite difference method to calculate numerically pulse parameters using an initially hyperbolic secant pulse at 1550-nm with different peak powers along 10m-PCF. Our numerical results show that the nonlinear regimes allow obtaining pulse compressions and initial pulse amplitudes. Furthermore, we remark a pulse broadening, and weak shifts of the peak power positions and frequencies in the critical and dispersive regimes. The use of an initial chirp provides a better pulse compressions and especially for low input powers. Also, the initial positive chirp reduces the optimal compression position lengths, while the negative one increases them. Therefore, we conclude that our theoretical calculations and numerical simulation results show that the moment method associated with the finite differences method is effective for the study of femtosecond pulse dynamics in PCFs.     

Temporal self-action and compression of intense ultrashort laser pulses in hollow photonic-crystal waveguides

Hollow-core waveguides with a periodic (photonic-crystal) cladding are shown to allow efficient temporal compression of high-intensity ultrashort laser pulses and formation of megawatt soliton-like features in the regime of robust isolated guided modes. We numerically analyze the temporal envelope evolution and spectral transformation of the light field in air-guided modes of gas-filled hollow coaxial periodic Bragg waveguides. Based on this analysis, we define optimal compression regimes, permitting high compression ratios (of about six) and high compression efficiencies (up to 73%) to be achieved for microjoule laser pulses with an initial pulse length of 80–400 fs.     

Nonstationary generation in free electron lasers

Evolution of the alternating field structure in the high-Q multimode cavity excited by the beam of relativistic electron oscillators is described by a self-consistent set of equations. Stationary and pulse injection regimes are investigated. The injection current increasing over the threshold, three consecutive stages take place: a) stationary single-mode generation (or, correspondingly, generation of identical pulses), b) periodic and c) stochastic self-modulation.     

Transient effects in pulsed laser irradiation

Theoretical analysis of the influence of the temporal profile (rectangular, triangular, Gaussian) of the laser pulse on heating/cooling and phase transition velocities and quantity of ablated material was performed on the basis of a multifront Stephan problem. Modeling showed that material removal under stationary conditions (that correspond to long pulses) is entirely controlled by specific heat and material density, while in the case of transient regimes (short pulses) thermal conductivity and heat capacity play a predominant role. Interaction of the melting and evaporation fronts characterized by an evaporation front velocity far exceeding the melting front one is one of the examples of the transient nature of the phenomena influenced by the laser pulse parameters.     

The influence of transverse perturbations on the propagation of picosecond acoustic pulses in a paramagnetic crystal

The influence of transverse perturbations on the dynamics of a picosecond soliton-like acoustic pulse in a paramagnetic crystal in an external magnetic field is investigated. The nonlinear and dispersion effects are governed by the intrinsic properties of the crystal and the spin-phonon interaction. The effect of different nonlinear mechanisms and an external magnetic field on the stability against transverse perturbations is analyzed. It is shown that, in the absence of paramagnetic impurities, there can exist only a compression pulse that propagates in a defocusing regime. In the presence of paramagnetic ions in the crystal, there can arise rarefaction pulses that, under specific conditions, can propagate in self-focusing and self-channeling regimes.     

Ultrashort pulse generation and measurement techniques

The first section will discuss the generation of picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses, their propagation and compression in optical fibers, and their amplification for nonlinear spectroscopic applications. Laser systems for different wavelength regimes and pulse measurement techniques will be described. The second section will extend the discussion of picosecond and femtosecond measurement to studies of ultrafast processes in materials. Pump-probe and transient four-wave-mixing methods will be analyzed. Examples of application to both molecular and solid state systems will be presented.     

200 Hz高重复频率SBS脉宽压缩实验研究

受激布里渊散射(SBS)脉宽压缩是实现高峰值功率、短脉冲激光输出的重要途径之一,然而,目前SBS脉宽压缩仅限于1~10 Hz低重复频率激光器,限制了高重频短脉冲激光器在激光雷达、空间碎片探测以及目标成像等领域的应用。基于此,开展了高重复频率下的SBS脉宽压缩实验研究。设计搭建了高重复频率的主振荡放大激光器,开展了SBS二次级联脉宽压缩和SBS振荡放大双池脉宽压缩实验。通过SBS二次级联压缩实现了脉冲宽度从~32 ns压缩到~1.9 ns,脉宽压缩比达16倍;而通过SBS振荡放大双池结构实现了脉冲宽度从~4 ns压缩到376 ps,脉宽压缩比达10倍。实验结果表明,采用该超净封闭型SBS相位共轭镜,在Stokes光输出能量达50 m J时,无光学击穿现象,实现了在200 Hz高重复频率下的SBS脉宽压缩。     

Steady-state and transient Raman gain in magnetoactive narrow band-gap semiconductors

Using the hydrodynamic model of semiconductor-plasmas and following the coupled-mode approach, a detailed analytical investigation is undertaken to study both steady-state and the transient Raman gain in transversely magnetized narrow band-gap semiconductors arising from electron density perturbations and molecular vibrations of the medium. Using the fact that the origin of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) lies in the third-order susceptibility of the medium, we obtain an expression for the gain coefficient of the backward Stokes mode in steady-state and transient regimes and study the dependence of the magnetic field and pump pulse duration on its growth rate. The threshold pump intensity and optimum pulse duration for the onset of transient SRS are estimated. An externally applied magnetic field substantially enhances the transient SRS gain coefficient in narrow band-gap semiconductors, which can be of great use in the compression of scattered pulses.     

Enhanced pulse compression induced by the interaction between the third—order dispersion and the cross—phase modulation in birefringent fibres

In this paper,we report on the enhanced pulse compression due to the interaction between the positive third-order dispersion (TOD) and the nonlinear effect (cross-phase modulation effect) in birefringent fibres.Polarization soliton compression along the slow axis can be enhanced in a birefringent fibre with positive third-order dispersion,while the polarization soliton compression along the fast axis can be enhanced in the fibre with negative third-order dispersion.Moreover,there is an optimal third-order dispersion parameter for obtaining the optimal pulse compression.Redshifted initial chirp is helpful to the pulse compression,while blueshifted chirp is detrimental to the pulse compression.There is also an optimal chirp parameter to reach maximum pulse compression.The optimal pulse compression for TOD parameters under different N-order solitons is also found.     

基于脉冲形成线充电的脉冲压缩技术

利用脉冲压缩技术,将具有一定初始电压的高阻抗长脉冲形成线对低阻抗短脉冲形成线充电到一定值时,其输出开关导通,在其后的传输线上可以产生高功率短脉冲。给出了脉冲压缩理论分析;前级脉冲驱动源采用GW级纳秒脉冲形成线,其特性阻抗为40Ω、电长度为3.9ns,输出脉冲宽度约8ns;研制了与前级脉冲驱动源匹配的脉冲压缩装置和变阻抗传输线,考虑到脉冲压缩装置低阻抗形成线绝缘击穿和开关导通限制,选取脉压装置形成线特性阻抗6.5Ω、电长度0.5ns。利用GW级纳秒脉冲驱动源开展了脉冲压缩实验,得到了输出功率增益达4倍左右的脉宽1.5ns高功率短脉冲,输出脉冲功率增益与理论值基本相符。