新型1,3-二取代酞嗪酮类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

为了寻找高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物,设计并合成新型的1,3位取代酞嗪酮类化合物.采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法对目标化合物在MCF-7(人乳腺癌细胞)、PC-3(人前列腺癌细胞)、SW-620(人结肠癌细胞)和HGC-27(人胃癌细胞)四种人类癌细胞的抗增殖活性进行评价.结果显示大部分化合物具有较好的抗增殖活性.其中,2-(4-(4-溴苯基)-1-氧代酞嗪-2(1H)-基)-N-(2-氟苯基)乙酰胺(5g)对MCF-7细胞的抗增殖活性较好,IC50值为6.01μmol/L,为抗肿瘤药物的研究提供了思路.     

Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of 5-azacytidine analogues in human leukemia cells

Twenty-six 5-azacytidine analogues have been synthesized, including 4-amino- 6-alkyl-1-pyranosyl/ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones 1a-j, 6-amino-4-alkyl/aryl-1- pyranosyl/ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-ones 2a-f and 4-amino-6-alkyl-1,3,5-triazin-2- yl-1-thio-pyranosides/ribofuranosides 3a-j. The antiproliferative activities of these synthetic analogues were investigated in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Ribofuranosyl S-nucleoside 3a, a bioisostere of 5-azacytidine, had a similar antiproliferative ability as that of the latter. Introduction of a methyl at the 6 position of 5-azacytidine and/or replacement of the ribofuranosyl moiety with pyranosyl sugars or disaccharides significantly decreased the antiproliferative activities of the 5-azacytidine derivatives. Several compounds with the replacement of pyranosyl sugars enhanced all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation ability in human leukemia HL-60 cells.     

Indole Alkaloids from Alocasia macrorrhiza

Five new indole alkaloids, alocasins A-E (3-7), together with known hyrtiosin B (1) and hyrtiosulawesin (2) were isolated from Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) SCHOTT; their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-7 were in vitro tested for cytostatic activity on human throat cancer (Hep-2), human hepatocarcinoma (Hep-G2), and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelial (CNE) cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method; compounds 2, 3, 6 and 7 showed mild antiproliferative activity against Hep-2 and Hep-G2 whereas compounds 2 and 4 showed gentle antiproliferative activity against CNE.     

Synthesis,structure and antiproliferative activity of organometallic iridium(III) complexes containing thiosemicarbazone ligands

A series of half‐sandwich iridium complexes ( 1 – 4 ) with thiosemicarbazone ligands in two types of coordination modes were synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures of compounds 1 , 2 and 3 were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The nature of the complexes was studied using density functional theory calculations. The stability of the complexes was investigated using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. The compounds were further evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against HeLa, HepG2, CNE‐2, SGC‐7901, KB and HEK‐293 T cell lines. Compound 2 displays the highest antiproliferative activity among the other analogues and cisplatin.     

Synthesis of fluorescent analogues of the anticancer natural products 4-hydroxyphenylmethylene hydantoin and delta-tocotrienol

4-Hydroxyphenylmethylene hydantoin (PMH, 1), isolated from the Red Sea sponge Hemimycale arabica, and delta-tocotrienol (3), isolated from the tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil, are important antimetastatic and antiproliferative natural products that proved effective against metastatic prostate and breast cancers, respectively. New fluorescent derivatives of PMH (2) and delta-tocotrienol (4) were synthesized by Steglich esterification. Both 2 and 4 retained good anti-migratory and antiproliferative activities, respectively. Fluorescent analogues 2 and 4 can be used for the identification of molecular targets of 1 and 3 in tumor cell cultures.     

Physangulidines A, B, and C: three new antiproliferative withanolides from Physalis angulata L

Bioassay-directed fractionation of the whole plant of Physalis angulata L. afforded three new antiproliferative withanolides with an unusual carbon framework: physangulidines A (1), B (2), and C (3). Structures of the three isomeric withanolides were determined by a combination of HRMS, NMR spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic methods. Each has shown significant antiproliferative activity against DU145 prostate cancer cells. Physangulidine A (1) was further tested against a wide range of additional cancer cell lines and found to exhibit significant antiproliferative activity.     

Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of thioxoflavonoids on three human cancer cells

Two series of fifteen novel thioxoflavonoids 2a-2h and 4a-4g were synthesized from corresponding flavonoids 1a-1h and 3a-3g by reacting with Lawesson’s reagent, respectively. Their in vitro antiproliferative activities were evaluated on a panel of three human cancer cell lines (Hela, HCC1954 and SK-OV-3) using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The results showed that most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to good antiproliferative activities against the three human cancer cell lines. In particular, thioxoflavonoids 2f and 2g showed the strongest antiproliferative activity on all three human cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.34 to 4.67 μM, 4f showed the best antiproliferative activity on Hela cells (IC₅₀ 2.30 μM), 2e showed the best antiproliferative activity on HCC1954 cells (IC₅₀ 2.13 μM) and SK-OV-3 cells (IC₅₀ 2.33 μM). The antiproliferative activities may be involved in their antioxidant activity, which can be speculated by their ability to scavenge free radicals and by their capacity of affecting key redox enzymes.     

Anticancer and antimicrobial metallopharmaceutical agents based on palladium, gold, and silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

Complete synthetic, structural, and biomedical studies of two Pd complexes as well as Au and Ag complexes of 1-benzyl-3-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene are reported. Specifically, trans-[1-benzyl-3-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene]Pd(pyridine)Cl2 (1a) was synthesized from the reaction of 1-benzyl-3-tert-butylimidazolium chloride (1) with PdCl2 in the presence of K2CO3 as a base. The other palladium complex, [1-benzyl-3-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene]2PdCl2 (1b), and a gold complex, [1-benzyl-3-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene]AuCl (1c), were synthesized by following a transmetallation route from the silver complex, [1-benzyl-3-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene]AgCl (1d), by treatment with (COD)PdCl2 and (SMe2)AuCl, respectively. The silver complex 1d in turn was synthesized by the reaction of 1 with Ag2O. The molecular structures of 1a-d have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Biomedical studies revealed that, while the palladium complexes 1a and 1b displayed potent anticancer activity, the gold (1c) and silver (1d) complexes exhibited significant antimicrobial properties. Specifically, 1b showed strong antiproliferative activity against three types of human tumor cells, namely, cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF-7), and colon adenocarcinoma (HCT 116), in culture. The antiproliferative activity of 1b was found to be considerably stronger than that of cisplatin. The 1b complex inhibited tumor cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle progression at the G2 phase, preventing the mitotic entry of the cell. We present evidence suggesting that the treated cells underwent programmed cell death through a p53-dependent pathway. Though both the gold (1c) and silver (1d) complexes showed antimicrobial activity toward Bacillus subtilis, 1c was found to be ca. 2 times more potent than 1d.     

新型肟基取代豆甾类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以豆甾醇为原料,通过臭氧化将豆甾醇的C20—C22键断裂,再经过官能团转换,合成了22-肟基取代的单肟基化合物(3和9),6,22-二肟基取代的双肟基化合物(13和14)及3,6,22-三肟基化合物(17),其中涉及4个中间体(5~8)及目标化合物9,13,14和17共8个新化合物,其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,IR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。采用MTT法测试了化合物对人胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)、人肝癌细胞(Bel-7404)和人体乳腺癌细胞株(He La)的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,具有22-肟基取代的3-羟基-5-烯结构的豆甾化合物3对受试细胞均有一定活性,IC50分别为34±2μmol·L~(-1),32±1μmol·L~(-1)和38±3μmol·L~(-1)。但是进一步在甾核上引入肟基或羟基的其他几种类型化合物的抗肿瘤活性没有提高。     

三唑类白杨素衍生物的设计、合成及其抗增殖活性研究

合成了2个系列的白杨素衍生物,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测试了所有化合物针对六种肿瘤细胞的体外抗增殖活性,包括MGC-803, BEL-7402, HepG2, HeLa, A549以及SGC-7901细胞.实验结果显示, 7-[1-(3-氟苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲氧基]-白杨素(1c)与7-[1-(2-氯苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲氧基]-白杨素(1g)针对MGC-803细胞的活性与先导化合物白杨素及阳性对照药5-氟尿嘧啶相比显著提高.因此,化合物1c与1g具有深入研究用以开发抗癌药物的潜能.     

Platinum(IV) coordination compounds containing 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one as nonleaving ligand. Molecular and cytotoxicity in vitro characterization

Novel platinum(IV) coordination compounds with 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (HmtpO): cis-trans-[PtCl(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(HmtpO)] (1), cis-trans-[PtCl(5)(HmtpO)][(CH(3))(2)NH(2)] (2) have been prepared and structurally characterized by spectroscopic methods ((1)H, IR and X-ray crystallography (2)). The X-ray results indicate that the local geometry around the platinum(IV) centre approximates a typical octahedral arrangement with nitrogen atom N3 of the HmtpO and three chloride atoms in equatorial positions. The remaining two axial positions are occupied by two chlorides. The preliminary assessment of antitumor properties of (1) was performed as an in vitro antiproliferative activity against HL-60 human acute promyelocytic leukemia and HCV29T bladder cancer. The cis-trans-[PtCl(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(HmtpO)] (1) exhibits higher cytotoxic activity against HL-60 (IC(50)=6.4 μM) than cisplatin.     

Antiproliferative compounds of Artabotrys madagascariensis from the Madagascar rainforest

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of Artabotrys madagascariensis led to the isolation of the new compound artabotrene (1), two butenolides (2 and 3), and the tetracyclic triterpene polycarpol (4). Structure elucidation was determined on the basis of one and two-dimensional NMR, and absolute configuration of compounds 2-4 was verified by analysis of CD and optical rotation spectra. Two of the isolates, melodorinol (2) and acetylmelodorinol (3), were found to display antiproliferative activity against five different tumour cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 12 microM.     

Phosphinic platinum complexes with 8-thiotheophylline derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activity

The platinum mixed-phosphine complexes (SP-4,2)-[PtCl(8-MTT)(PPh3)(PTA)] (2) and cis-[Pt(8-MTT)2(PPh3)(PTA)] (3) (MTTH2 = 8-(methylthio)theophylline, PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) have been prepared from the precursor cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)(PTA)] (1), which has been fully characterized by X-ray diffraction determination. Antiproliferative activity tests indicated that the presence of one lipophilic PPh3 and one hydrophilic PTA makes 1-3 more active than the analogues bearing two PPh3 or two PTA. The reactivity of cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)2], cis-[PtCl2(PTA)2], and cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)(PTA)] with the bis(thiopurines) bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)methane (MBTTH2), 1,2-bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)ethane (EBTTH2), and 1,3-bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)propane (PBTTH2) has also been investigated. New binuclear complexes have been prepared and identified by spectroscopic techniques and their antiproliferative activities on T2 and SKOV3 cell lines evaluated.     

l- and d-Proline Thiosemicarbazone Conjugates: Coordination Behavior in Solution and the Effect of Copper(II) Coordination on Their Antiproliferative Activity

Two enantiomerically pure thiosemicarbazone-proline conjugates with enhanced aqueous solubility, namely, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-(S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate-5-methylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone [l-Pro-STSC or (S)-H(2)L] and 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate-5-methylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone [d-Pro-STSC or (R)-H(2)L] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (UV-vis and (1)H and (13)C NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The metal complexation behavior of l-Pro-STSC, stoichiometry, and thermodynamic stability of iron(II), iron(III), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes in 30% (w/w) dimethyl sulfoxide/H(2)O solvent mixture have been studied by pH-potentiometric, UV-vis-spectrophotometric, circular dichroism, electron paramagnetic resonance, (1)H NMR spectroscopic, and spectrofluorimetric measurements. By the reaction of CuCl(2)·2H(2)O with (S)-H(2)L and (R)-H(2)L, respectively, the complexes [Cu[(S)-H(2)L]Cl]Cl and [Cu[(R)-H(2)L]Cl]Cl have been prepared and comprehensively characterized. An X-ray diffraction study of [Cu[(R)-H(2)L]Cl]Cl showed the formation of a square-planar copper(II) complex, which builds up stacks with interplanar separation of 3.3 ?. The antiproliferative activity of two chiral ligands and their corresponding copper(II) complexes has been tested in two human cancer cell lines, namely, SW480 (colon carcinoma) and CH1 (ovarian carcinoma). The thiosemicarbazone-proline conjugates l- and d-Pro-STSC show only moderate cytotoxic potency with IC(50) values of 62 and 75 μM, respectively, in CH1 cells and >100 μM in SW480 cells. However, the corresponding copper(II) complexes are 13 and 5 times more potent in CH1 cells, based on a comparison of IC(50) values, and in SW480 cells the increase in the antiproliferative activity is even higher. In both tested cell lines, l-Pro-STSC as well as its copper(II) complex show slightly stronger antiproliferative activity than the compounds with a d-Pro moiety, yielding IC(50) values of 4.6 and 5.5 μM for [Cu(l-Pro-STSC)Cl]Cl in CH1 and SW480 cells, respectively.     

Apoptolidins B and C: isolation, structure determination, and biological activity

[reaction: see text] Apoptolidin (1) is a promising new therapeutic lead that exhibits remarkable selectivity against cancer cells relative to normal cells. We report the isolation, characterization, solution structure, stability, and biological activity of two new members of this family: apoptolidins B (2) and C (3). These new agents are found to have antiproliferative activity on par with or better than apoptolidin itself in an assay with H292 lung cancer cells.     

Synthesis of Aminoalkyl-substituted Polymethoxychalcone Derivatives and Their Antiproliferative Activities Against Three Human Cancer Cell Lines

Two novel series of sixteen aminoalkyl-substituted polymethoxychalcone derivatives 2a-2h and 3a-3h were synthesized from 2'-hydroxy-3,4,5,4',6'-pentamethoxy chalcone(1) through extending alkoxy side chain at the 2'-position, and introducing amine hydrogen bond receptor at the end of the side chain. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MS techniques. Furthermore, all the compounds were tested for antiproliferative activities in vitro against a panel of three human cell lines(HeLa, HCC1954 and SK-OV-3) via CCK-8 assay. The results show that all the target compounds exhibit antiproliferative activities against the three human cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 4.62-48.21 μmol/L, except compound 2h against SK-OV-3 cells. Most of these compounds were more active when compared to the positive control cis-Platin.     

Synthesis of a novel ceramide analogue via Tebbe methylenation and evaluation of its antiproliferative activity

[reaction: see text] A new analogue of (2S,3R)-ceramide (2) with a methylene group at C4 has been synthesized from d-tartaric acid (3) by using Tebbe methylenation as the key step. Compound 2 exhibited markedly higher antiproliferative activity on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells than natural (2S,3R,4E)-ceramide (1).     

New anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative constituents from fermented red mold rice Monascus purpureus NTU 568

Six azaphilonoid derivatives, including two new blue fluorescent monapurfluores A (1) and B (2), two known pyridine-containing molecules, monascopyridines C (3) and D (4), and two known monasfluores A (5) and B (6), were isolated and characterized from red mold rice fermented by Monascus purpureus NTU 568. Structural elucidation of new isolates was based on nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and other spectroscopic analyses. Bioactivity evaluation indicated that 1-6 possessed anti-inflammatory activities with dose-dependent relationships for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production. Furthermore, 1-4 also showed moderate antiproliferative effects against human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) (IC(50) = 14.81~20.06 μg/mL) and human colon adenocarcinoma (WiDr) (IC(50) = 12.89~21.14 μg/mL).     

Divergent synthesis of cytotoxic styryl lactones from D-xylose. The first total synthesis of (+)-crassalactone C

A new divergent approach to (+)-goniofufurone (1) and 7-epi-(+)-goniofufurone (2), as well as the first total synthesis of crassalactone C (3), has been achieved starting from D-xylose. In a preliminary bioassay, all three natural products 1, 2, and 3 showed remarkable in vitro antiproliferative activities against K562, Raji, and HeLa neoplastic cell lines.     

Epicalyxin F and calyxin I: two novel antiproliferative diarylheptanoids from the seeds of Alpinia blepharocalyx

[formula: see text] Epicalyxin F (1) and calyxin I (2), two novel diarylheptanoids, were isolated from a residual fraction of an EtOH extract of Alpinia blepharocalyx. Calyxin I (2) represented a new carbon skeleton, and epicalyxin F (1) possessed potent antiproliferative activity toward HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and colon 26-L5 carcinoma with ED50 values of 1.71 and 0.89 microM, respectively.