Microwave control of transport through a chaotic mesoscopic dot

We establish analogy between a microwave ionization of Rydberg atoms and a charge transport through a chaotic quantum dot induced by a monochromatic field in a regime with a potential barrier between dot contacts. We show that the quantum coherence leads to dynamical localization of electron excitation in energy so that only a finite number of photons is absorbed inside the dot. The theory developed determines the dependence of localization length on dot and microwave parameters showing that the microwave power can switch the dot between metallic and insulating regimes. ultiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)     

离子配对动力学不一定遵循Eigen-Tamm机理

Eigen-Tamm模型认为水溶液中的离子对从单水分子桥链离子对到紧密离子对是离子对溶剂化平衡的动力学控制性步骤,两态之间自由能垒最高,相互转化速率最慢. 设计了两类带有单位电荷的离子对模型(2.0:x和x:2.0,固定离子对中的阳离子或阴离子的半径为2 ?,另一个为不同半径的阴阳离子),通过计算离子对不同距离的平均力势来获取自由能曲线,发现2.0:x系列离子对由于溶剂水的作用,从单水分子桥链离子对到紧密离子对转化的自由能垒有明显减低,并不是离子成对动力学平衡中的最慢步骤,与Eigen-Tamm 模型描述存在偏差.     

Electronic structure and magnetism of YbRhSn

The electronic band structure of YbRhSn has been calculated using the self-consistent full potential nonorthogonal local orbital minimum basis scheme based on the density functional theory. We investigated the electronic structure with the spin-orbit interaction and on-site Coulomb potential for the Yb-derived 4f orbitals to obtain the correct ground state of YbRhSn. The exchange interaction between local f electrons and conduction electrons play an important role in the heavy fermion characters of them. The fully relativistic band structure scheme shows that spin-orbit coupling splits the 4f states into two manifolds, the 4f_7/2 and the 4f_5/2 multiplet.     

静电场中铷原子里德堡态反交叉位置和宽度的计算

用碱金属原子的模型势结合B-样条函数展开方法研究了静电场中铷原子里德堡态的能级结构特点,计算了铷原子主量子数n由16到25之间的(n 3)s和(n,k)态间的Stark能级反交叉位置和宽度,得到了与实验相一致的结果,并给出了计算铷原子在静电场中高里德堡态能级反交叉位置的经验公式.     

Propagation of electrons in coupled quantum wells

Summary We study propagation of an electron wave in a double-quantum-well structure formed by alternate layers of GaAlAs and GaAs. In such a structure, electron states parallel to the layers are described by 2D plane waves and in the perpendicular direction by the bound states of the confining potential. We show that an electron, initially introduced in one well, will execute oscillations between the two wells of the structure. Although the frequency of oscillations depends primarily on the distance separating the wells and the confining potential, it is shown in this paper that the frequency also depends on the effective mass of the electron, if it is different within and outside the well. Expressions are derived for the frequency of oscillations, taking into account the difference in the effective mass of the electron.     

Spin-orbit scattering in the quantum Hall effect

We study dynamics of electrons in a magnetic field using a network model with two channels per link with random mixing, while the intrachannel potential is periodic (non-random); the channels represent two spin states. We consider channel mixing as function of the energy separation of the two extended states, and show that the phase diagram is different from the standard quantum Hall diagram for random intrachannel potential.     

Superfluidity and magnetism in multicomponent ultracold fermions

We study the interplay between superfluidity and magnetism in a multicomponent gas of ultracold fermions. Ward-Takahashi identities constrain possible mean-field states describing order parameters for both pairing and magnetization. The structure of global phase diagrams arises from competition among these states as functions of anisotropies in chemical potential, density, or interactions. They exhibit first and second order phase transition as well as multicritical points, metastability regions, and phase separation. We comment on experimental signatures in ultracold atoms.     

Analyticity of quantum states in one-dimensional tight-binding model

Analytical complexity of quantum wavefunction whose argument is extended into the complex plane provides an important information about the potentiality of manifesting complex quantum dynamics such as time-irreversibility, dissipation and so on. We examine Pade approximation and some complementary methods to investigate the complex-analytical properties of some quantum states such as impurity states, Anderson-localized states and localized states of Harper model. The impurity states can be characterized by simple poles of the Pade approximation, and the localized states of Anderson model and Harper model can be characterized by an accumulation of poles and zeros of the Pade approximated function along a critical border, which implies a natural boundary (NB). A complementary method based on shifting the expansion-center is used to confirm the existence of the NB numerically, and it is strongly suggested that the both Anderson-localized state and localized states of Harper model have NBs in the complex extension. Moreover, we discuss an interesting relationship between our research and the natural boundary problem of the potential function whose close connection to the localization problem was discovered quite recently by some mathematicians. In addition, we examine the usefulness of the Pade approximation for numerically predicting the existence of NB by means of two typical examples, lacunary power series and random power series.     

Ground States of a Generalized Frenkel-Kontorova Model

We studied the modulated structures and commensurate-incommensurate transitions in a generalized Ftenkel-Kontorova (FK) model where the chain is composed of three kinds of atoms. For the classical ground states, the phase diagram and the phonon spectrum show the multi-atomic effects. For the quantum ground states, the multi-atomic effects are reflected by the distribution of atoms in external potential, the phase diagram, the correspondences between the ground states and the orbits of the area-preserving maps, as well as the phonon spectrum and coherence length. For the most incommensurate structure, the critical point K_c at which the transition by breaking of analyticity occurs does not vary monotonically with A. For the case of μ_A= μ_B = 1 and μ_c = 2, with the increasing of A, the critical point K_c first decreases, then increases. The minimum value of K_c occurs at nearly h = 0.035. When K < K_c, the phonon gap Ω_G = 0 and the Lyapunov exponent γ = 0, the system is in the sliding state. When K > K_c, the phonon gap and the Lyapunov exponent show great difference from those of the standard FK model.     

Electromagnetic realization of orders-of-magnitude tunneling enhancement in a double well system

We report on tunneling enhancement in a periodically perturbed double well system. The double well system was realized by a structure of two optical waveguides. The transfer of light power from one waveguide to the another as induced by the periodic variations of the waveguide geometry was investigated. Our experimental measurements show that, in the presence of periodic perturbation, this transfer of light power can be enhanced by more than 500 times. We use an analogy between electromagnetic wave optics and the quantum wave phenomena to provide an experimental support to the theoretical model of tunneling enhancement of a quantum particle, facilitated by its interaction with auxiliary quantum states.     

Properties of Charmonium States in a Phenomenological Approach

We investigate the spectrum and decay rates of charmonium states within the framework of the non relativistic quark model by employing a Coulomb like potential from the perturbative one gluon exchange and the linear confining potential along with the potential derived from instanton vacuum to account for the hyperfine mass splitting of charmonium states in variational approach. We predict radiative E1, M1, two-photon, lepton and two-gluon decay rates of low lying charmonium states. An overall agreement is obtained with the experimental masses and decay widths.We have estimated the branching ratio of two gluons decaying into light hadrons.     

Characterizing bifurcations and chaos in multiwavelength lasers with intensity-dependent loss and saturable homogeneous gain

We consider the nonlinear dynamics of multiwavelength laser cavities with saturable transmitter and saturating homogeneous gain using a simple and general discrete model. Saturable transmitter is an intensity dependent loss in which the transmittance decreases when the incident optical power increases. We determine the condition under which the saturable transmitter will generate behaviors such as stable steady-state lasing states, periodic lasing states, and chaotic lasing states. Indeed, for sufficiently large power, steady-state operation is first destabilized through a Hopf bifurcation which generates periodic lasing solutions. This is followed by a sequence of period doubling bifurcations to chaotic lasing. The bifurcation structure leading to chaos is characterized by three key methods of dynamical systems: a Feigenbaum series, the calculation of Lyapunov exponents and the computation of the correlation dimension of the system. We found that even single wavelength operation can exhibit complex nonlinear dynamics if the loss element is a saturable transmitter.     

Low-frequency fluctuations in two-state quantum dot lasers

We study the feedback-induced instabilities in a quantum dot semiconductor laser emitting in both ground and excited states. Without optical feedback the device exhibits dynamics corresponding to antiphase fluctuations between ground and excited states, while the total output power remains constant. The introduction of feedback leads to power dropouts in the ground state and intensity bursts in the excited state, resulting in a practically constant total output power.     

Non-ergodicity transition and multiple glasses in binary mixtures: on the accuracy of the input static structure in the mode coupling theory

We examine the question of the accuracy of the static correlation functions used as input in the mode coupling theory (MCT) of non-ergodic states in binary mixtures. We first consider hard-sphere mixtures and compute the static pair structure from the Ornstein-Zernike equations with the Percus-Yevick closure and more accurate ones that use bridge functions deduced from Rosenfeld's fundamental measures functional. The corresponding MCT predictions for the non-ergodicity lines and the transitions between multiple glassy states are determined from the long-time limit of the density autocorrelation functions. We find that while the non-ergodicity transition line is not very sensitive to the input static structure, up to diameter ratios D(2)/D(1)?=?10, quantitative differences exist for the transitions between different glasses. The discrepancies with the more accurate closures become even qualitative for sufficiently asymmetric mixtures. They are correlated with the incorrect behavior of the PY structure at high size asymmetry. From the example of ultra-soft potential it is argued that this issue is of general relevance beyond the hard-sphere model.     

Optical properties of gapped graphene structure driven by electron electron interaction

We analyze the effects of on-site electronic coulomb repulsion U on the optical absorption and density of states of a graphene like structure with two different sublattice on-site energies in the context of Hubbard model. Mean field approximation has been implemented in order to find excitation spectrum of electronic system. Antiferromagnetic long range ordering has been considered as the ground state of model Hamiltonian. We find that the band gap in both optical conductivity and density of states decreases with strength of coulombic interaction. The absorption spectra of the graphene like structure as a nanoscale system exhibit the prominent peaks, mainly owing to the divergent density of states and excitonic effects.     

A Multi-Section Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier for Ultrabroad-Band Gain-Flattened Low-Noise Amplification

We propose an ultrabroad-band 1R regenerator utilizing a multi-section quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier.Due to the reduced electron states, quantum dot is beneficial in broadening the gain spectrum and lowering the noise figure. Combining this with a multi-section structure drastically improves the gain equality among the different bound states, leading to an increase in the maximum output power and an improvement of the noise figure.     

Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model: Pseudospin operator approach

The thermodynamics of the Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model with direct interaction between neighbour bosonic particles is considered in this work at finite temperature. The hard-core boson case is considered and the pseudospin formalism is used. Charge susceptibility of the system is calculated and the possibilities of the transitions to the charge density wave order, superfluid and supersolid phases are analysed. We derive an analytic formula for the grand canonical potential and analyse the thermodynamically stable states.     

Simulation of coexisting ferromagnetic order and disorder of geometrically frustrated Co2Cl(OH)3

The ground state and phase transition of Co₂Cl(OH)₃ were investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. This compound is a magnet, with a pyrochlore structure distorted along one axis. The magnetic structure at low temperatures consists of coexisting ferromagnetism and random spin, according to experiments. However, the formation mechanism of the coexistence and the interaction between the spins were unclear. We assumed an anisotropic Ising model and examined the ground state by multicanonical Monte Carlo simulation. In a nearest neighbor model, the ground states were highly degenerated. Almost all of the states were spin glass states, but a few of the states were ferromagnetic. The latter magnetic states were ferromagnetic at triangular layers and two in-one out random state at Kagome layers. The latter states should be stabilized if weak ferromagnetic interactions exist between second nearest neighbor spins and correspond to the states reported by the experiments. This expectation was confirmed by simulation.     

Theoretical study of conformational transition of CDK4 by association of cyclin D3

ABSTRACT

We present coarse-grained simulations to investigate folding and association of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) with cyclin D3. In our simulations, the Gō-like model and our coarse-grained model are applied to describe intramolecular and intermolecular interaction of protein molecules, respectively. We investigate conformational stability of each state of CDK4 with/without association to cyclin D3 on a single basin potential with reference to each state of CDK4. The results of simulations for the native CDK4 with cyclin D3 are consistent with an experimental observation. The open CDK4 may associate to cyclin D3 on a different interface from cyclin D3-native CDK4 complex structure. If the open CDK4 associates to cyclin D3, the open CDK4 can slightly fold and become smaller, suggesting an unfolded intermediate. After a double-basin potential with reference to the native and open states of CDK4 is given, the open CDK4 associated with cyclin D3 can smoothly shift to the native CDK4. We propose a structure of a potential candidate of an unfolded intermediate during activation of CDK4.     

Confined states and spin polarization on a topological insulator thin film modulated by an electric potential

We study the electronic structure and spin polarization of the surface states of a three-dimensional topological insulator thin film modulated by an electrical potential well. By routinely solving the low-energy surface Dirac equation for the system, we demonstrate that confined surface states exist, in which the electron density is almost localized inside the well and exponentially decayed outside in real space, and that their subband dispersions are quasilinear with respect to the propagating wavevector. Interestingly, the top and bottom surface confined states with the same density distribution have opposite spin polarizations due to the hybridization between the two surfaces. Along with the mathematical analysis, we provide an intuitive, topological understanding of the effect.