稀土变质热锻模具铸钢高温磨损性能的研究

研究了稀土（RE）变质热锻模具铸钢的高温磨损性能，并与热锻模具钢H13钢和3Cr2W8V钢进行对比，探讨了稀土元素的作用和热锻模具铸钢的高温磨损机理。结果表明：随着RE加入量的增加，热锻模具铸钢的磨损率先减后增，RE加入量在质量分数为0．05％时热锻模具铸钢具有最佳的高温磨损性能。RE变质热锻模其铸钢的高温耐磨性明最高于H13钢和3Cr2W8V钢。高温磨损机理为氧化磨损和氧化物的疲劳剥落，磨屑为块状的Fe2O3和Fe3O4。     

高碳铬铁中铬的快速分析方法

高碳铬铁试样较难溶解,是由于高碳铬铁试样中的碳和氮与铬形成稳定状态下的碳化铬和氮化铬等所致,所以高碳铬铁中铬的分析,一般采用过氧化钠熔融法分解试样,这样,需要高温设备和铁坩埚,温度不易控制,如操作不当,铁坩埚容易被击穿,造成损失。为此,本法选用快速溶样法替代过氧化钠熔融法,并进行了高碳铬铁试样在不同介质中的溶     

稀土在熔盐被覆铬碳化物中的作用研究

研究了熔盐被覆铬碳化物的工艺过程，着重探讨了稀土对Ｔ１２Ａ钢熔盐渗铬的催渗及微合金化作用机理。结果表明，在加入稀土的熔盐中渗中提高渗速３０％－５６％，同时还能提高工件表面的抗氧化和耐腐蚀性能以及工件的使用寿命。     

稀土元素对铬酵母中铬含量影响的研究

研究了稀土化合物在铬酵母制备过程中对总铬和有机铬含量的影响作用。镧、铈、镨、钕等轻稀土化合物均能明显提高铬酵母中总铬和有机铬的含量 ,其中镧化合物对铬酵母中总铬和有机铬含量的提高作用最显著 ,总铬含量可达到 70 8.33μg·g- 1 ,有机铬含量可达到 6 39.0μg·g- 1 ,是未加稀土铬酵母样品的近 3倍 ;添加钕化合物的铬酵母中有机铬占总铬的比例最高 ,可达到 97.5 %。通过紫外光谱分析 ,发现有机铬在 2 6 0nm处有特征吸收峰 ,通过红外光谱分析 ,发现有机铬在 478cm- 1 处有特征吸收峰 ,而加稀土化合物的铬酵母样品在此两处的吸收峰值均高于未加稀土的铬酵母样品     

稀土复合变质贝氏体/马氏体钢的研究

研究了稀土复合变质对贝氏体／马氏体复相铸钢组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明，钢中加入稀土，由于合金化、变质作用使钢的微观组织形态发生变化，经变质，钢的晶粒细化，空淬组织中板条马氏体、贝氏体比例增加，残余奥氏体数量提高，夹杂物形态改善，从而提高了钢的韧性和耐磨性。     

稀土元素对低铬半钢热疲劳性能的影响

研究了稀土元素对低铬半钢铸态及经热处理后组织中的共晶碳化物形状的影响，在此基础上着重研究了该材料的热疲劳性能。结果表明：稀土元素能改善共晶碳化物的形状，抑制热疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展，提高其热疲劳性能，尤其稀土变质后再经热处理后效果更明显。当试样经0.20%（质量分数）稀土变质后经950℃，3h正火处理时，热疲劳性能最佳。     

稀土在钢铁中应用研究的新进展

本文从稀土在钢铁中的物理化学、Fe—RE相图、稀土铸铁和铸钢、稀土对钢的力学性能的影响稀土在晶界上的偏聚、稀土对钢的抗蚀,抗氧化及在钢表面处理中的应用等七方面概述了近四、五年来稀土在我国钢铁中应用研究工作的新进展。     

过硫酸铵氧化滴定法测定高铬铸铁中铬含量

高铬铸铁中的铬大部分以固溶体形式存在,另一部分是以碳、氮化合物等形式存在。碳、氮化合物用酸分解极其困难,只有在加热冒高氯酸烟或在加热冒硫酸烟时滴加硝酸才能完全分解。测定高碳高铬样品中铬时不允许长时间冒高氯酸烟,一般在冒硫-磷酸烟时滴加硝酸氧化来破坏其碳氮化合     

稀土在耐热钢中的应用研究

稀土能明显地改善电热合金的抗氧化性和延长使用寿命,并为世界各国普遍采用。稀土对耐热钢性能影响的研究,尤其是对抗氧化性能影响的研究虽也不少,但实际应用于工业生产并列入各国标准的含稀土耐热钢号并不普遍。本文研究了稀土对铬钢、铬镍钢及铬镍氮钢等不同类型耐热钢的抗氧化性、高温强度及热塑性等的影响。试验用钢是在高频炉或中频炉     

酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料的制备、表征及染色性能

制备并提纯了酸性媒介深黄GG稀土(La, Nd, Y)染料, 稀土及元素分析测得其稀土与酸性媒介深黄GG染料物质的量的比为1∶2, 红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱分析表明, 在酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料的结构中, 稀土离子(La3+, Nd3+, Y3+)与配体染料分子中的羧基、羟基产生配位作用, 并与磺酸基作用;所有样品的羊毛布料染色实验及其各项牢度测试结果表明 酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料羊毛染色比相应配体酸性媒介深黄GG染料和相应的铬络合染料染色颜色鲜艳, 酸性媒介深黄GG稀土染料的多项羊毛染色牢度比相应的配体酸性媒介深黄GG染料好, 但比相应的铬络合染料差.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。