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1.
The heats of the reaction of sodium with ethyl and methyl alcohol were determined by calorimetry. The difference in the standard heats of the formation of triethylarsenite and arsenic trichloride was obtained by calorimetration of the reaction of arsenic trichloride with sodium ethylate, the value of which was −382.42 ± 3.60 kJ/mol. The standard enthalpies of formation were determined from a critical analysis of all data on thermochemistry of trialkylarsenites for the following compounds: triethylarsenite Δf H 298 [(C2H5O)3As(liquid)] = (−704.38 ± 3.85) kJ/mol; trimethylarsenite Δf H 298 [(CH3O)3As(liquid)] = (−599.36 ± 1.88) kJ/mol. The values of standard enthalpies of formation were not adjusted for the following substances in liquid state: arsenic trichloride (−321.96 ± 3.85 kJ/mol), tris-(diethylamido)arsenic(III) As(NEt2)3(liquid) (−129.81 ± 4.41 kJ/mol), tri-n-propylarsenite (−720.61 ± 4.49 kJ/mol), triisopropylarsenite (−756.11 ± 4.65 kJ/mol), tri-n-butylarsenite (−775.11 ± 4.53 kJ/mol), and triisobutylarsenite (−809.71 ± 4.59 kJ/mol). The use of sodium alcoxide solutions for the calorimetration of halogen anhydrides of various acids was demonstrated.  相似文献   

2.
The complexes of α-alanine-salicylal Schiff base of magnesium (α-ASSM), β-alanine-salicylal Schiff base of magnesium (β-ASSM) and taurine-salicylal Schiff base of magnesium (TSSM) were synthesized. The formulae of the complexes are Mg[OC6H4CHNCH(CH3)COO]·2H2O, Mg[OC6H4CHNCH2CH2COO]·2H2O and Mg[OC6H4CHNCH2CH2SO3]·2H2O. The crystal structure belongs to orthorhombic system with the lattice parameters: a=1.6954 nm, b=2.0873 nm and c=2.3037 nm for the β-ASSM, to orthorhombic system with the lattice parameters: a=1.5586 nm, b=1.8510 nm and c=2.6240 nm for the β-ASSM, to monoclinic system with the lattice parameters: a=1.3232 nm, b=1.4960 nm, c=2.1543 nm and β=98.04° for the TSSM, respectively. The results of the thermal decomposition processes and infrared spectra of the complexes show that the complexes may possess different coordination structures.  相似文献   

3.
    
Hirudonine sulphate (C9H23N7. 1·5 H2SO4. 2·5 H2O) is triclinic inPI space group with cell constantsa=7·168(9),b=14·534(6),c=11·918(5) ?, α=110·50(3), β=108·75(6) and γ=79·16(6)°,V=1097(2)?3,Mr=421·4,Z=2,d x=1·358(2) gcm−3,d c=1·276 gcm−3. MoKα (λ=0·7903 ?), μ=1·94 cm−1,F(000)=436,T=295 K,R(F)=0·144. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a final R factor of 0·144 for 1036 unique reflections. One of the sulphur atoms is in special position and is disordered. The amine molecule is hydrogen-bonded to the sulphate oxygen through water molecules. Water channels are formed at unique places involving water oxygens, amine and sulphate oxygens along thea axis. DCB contribution Number 712.  相似文献   

4.
 The diagram of the ternary system Mg2+/Cl, SO4 2−–H2O was established at 15°C by means of analytical and conductimetric measurements. Three compounds were found in this diagram, which are MgSO4·6H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, and MgCl2·6H2O. The solubility field of MgSO4·7H2O is important whereas those of MgSO4·6H2O and MgCl2·6H2O are small. The compositions (mass-%) of the two invariant points determined by the two methods are: MgSO4:MgCl2=2.73:33.80 and MgSO4: MgCl2=3.38:28.91. Both the measured and the calculated isotherm at 15°C have been used for modelling of the diagram Mg2+/Cl, SO4 2−–H2O between 0 and 35°C. The polythermal invariant point was approximately located between 15 and 10°C.  相似文献   

5.
Summary.  The diagram of the ternary system Mg2+/Cl, SO4 2−–H2O was established at 15°C by means of analytical and conductimetric measurements. Three compounds were found in this diagram, which are MgSO4·6H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, and MgCl2·6H2O. The solubility field of MgSO4·7H2O is important whereas those of MgSO4·6H2O and MgCl2·6H2O are small. The compositions (mass-%) of the two invariant points determined by the two methods are: MgSO4:MgCl2=2.73:33.80 and MgSO4: MgCl2=3.38:28.91. Both the measured and the calculated isotherm at 15°C have been used for modelling of the diagram Mg2+/Cl, SO4 2−–H2O between 0 and 35°C. The polythermal invariant point was approximately located between 15 and 10°C.  Corresponding author. E-mail: ariguib@planet.tn Received October 16, 2002; accepted (revised) December 3, 2002 Published online April 24, 2003 RID="a" ID="a" Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Heinz Gamsj?ger on the occasion of his 70th birthday  相似文献   

6.
A two-dimensional network compound [Ce(DMF)4(H2O)][α-BW12O40]·H2O·(HDMA)2 (HDMA = protoned dimethylamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) was synthesized from α-H5BW12O40·nH2O, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and DMF and characterized by IR, UV spectra and TG-DTA. The result of the X-ray single crystal diffraction indicates that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit cell dimensional: a = 1.1983(3), b = 2.4216(5), c = 1.9517(4) nm, β = 92.91(3)°, Z = 4, R 1 = 0.07710, wR 2 = 0.1416. Structural analysis indicates that every [Ce(DMF)4(H2O)]3+ building block is surrounded by three adjacent [α-BW12O40]5− polyanions, meanwhile, every [α-BW12O40]5− polyanion interconnects with three neighboring [Ce(DMF)4(H2O)]3+ subunits, by making use of which two-dimensional network structure can be constructed. The result of thermogravimetric analysis manifests that the title compound has two-stage weight loss and the decomposition temperature of the title polyanionic framework is 560°C. The electrochemical analysis shows the title polyanion has three-step redox processes in the pH = 4–7 media.  相似文献   

7.
The title compounds, (NH4)2[MnII(edta)(H2O)]·3H2O (H4edta = ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid), (NH4)2[MnII(cydta)(H2O)]·4H2O (H4cydta = trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid) and K2[MnII(Hdtpa)]·3.5H2O (H5dtpa = diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentaacetic acid), were prepared; their compositions and structures were determined by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. In these three complexes, the Mn2+ ions are all seven-coordinated and have a pseudomonocapped trigonal prismatic configuration. All the three complexes crystallize in triclinic system in P-1 space group. Crystal data: (NH4)2[MnII(edta)(H2O)]·3H2O complex, a = 8.774(3) ?, b = 9.007(3) ?, c = 13.483(4) ?, α = 80.095(4)°, β = 80.708(4)°, γ = 68.770(4)°, V = 972.6(5) ?3, Z = 2, D c = 1.541 g/cm3, μ = 0.745 mm−1, R = 0.033 and wR = 0.099 for 3406 observed reflections with I ≥ 2σ(I); (NH4)2[MnII(cydta)(H2O)]·4H2O complex, a = 8.9720(18) ?, b = 9.4380(19) ?, c = 14.931(3) ?, α = 76.99(3)°, β = 83.27(3)°, γ = 75.62(3)°, V = 1190.8(4)?3, Z = 2, D c = 1.426 g/cm3, μ = 0.625 mm−1, R = 0.061 and wR = 0.197 for 3240 observed reflections with I ≥ 2σ(I); K2[MnII(Hdtpa)]·3.5H2O complex, a = 8.672(3) ?, b = 9.059(3) ?, c = 15.074(6) ?, α = 95.813(6)°, β = 96.665(6)°, γ = 99.212(6)°, V = 1152.4(7) ?3, Z = 2, D c = 1.687 g/cm3, μ = 1.006 mm−1, R = 0.037 and wR = 0.090 for 4654 observed reflections with I ≥ 2σ(I). Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2008 by X. F. Wang, J. Gao, J. Wang, Zh. H. Zhang, Y. F. Wang, L. J. Chen, W. Sun, and X. D. Zhang The text was submitted by the authors in English. Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 753–759, July–August, 2008.  相似文献   

8.
A thermal and thermochemical study of natural aqueous hydroxyl-containing diorthosilicate, hemimorphite Zn4[Si2O7](OH)2 · H2O, was performed. The step character of its thermal decomposition was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Melt solution calorimetry was used to determine the enthalpies of formation from oxides Δf H OOX (298.15 K) = −69.3 ± 9.9 kJ/mol and elements {ie1481-2} (298.15 K) = −3864.3 ± 10.2 kJ/mol.  相似文献   

9.
The rate constant k4 has been measured at 268°, 298°, and 334° K for the reaction CH2O + 2OH → CO + 2H2O relative to that for OH + OH (k2) by competition experiments in a discharge flow tube using mass-spectrometric analysis. Based on k2 = 2.24 × 10?12cm3/molec·sec at 298°K and E2 = 4 kJ/mol, k4 = (6.5 ± 1.5) × 10?12cm3/molec·sec at 298°K and E4 = (6 ± 2)kJ/mol.  相似文献   

10.
A solvothermal reaction of 2-pyrazinic acid with Zn(SO4)2 · 7H2O yielded the title complex of the formula {[Zn2(Pyz)2(H2O)4] · SO4} n (I). X-ray diffraction study shows that the complex I crystallizes in mono-clinic system, space group P21/c, with lattice parameters a = 11.2687(6), b = 7.3511(4), c = 11.8506(7) ?, β = 95.070(2)°, V = 977.83(9) ?3, Z = 4, and ρcalcd = 2.184 mg m−3.  相似文献   

11.
The NMR spectra of [2.2]paracyclophane with β- or γ-cyclodextrin in DMF-d7 at room temperature do not show significant complexation, while HPLC of the complexes in mixed H2O:alcohol solvents demonstrate complexation with different stoichiometries. At 243 K in DMF solution the H3 and H5 NMR signals of γ-cyclodextrin (but not β) exhibit complexation-induced chemical shifts denoting complex formation. According to HPLC, at room temperature the [2.2]paracyclophane complex with β-cyclodextrin in 20% H2O:EtOH exhibits 1:2 stoichiometry with K 1 = 1×102 ± 2, K 2 = 9.0×104 ± 2×103 (K = 9×106) while that with γ-cyclodextrin in 50% H2O:MeOH exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry with K 1 = 4×103 ± 150 M−1. Thermodynamic parameters for both complexes have been estimated from the retention time temperature dependence. For the β-cyclodextrin complexation at 25°C ΔG 0 CD is −39.7 kJ mol−1 while ΔH 0 CD and ΔS 0 CD are −88.2 kJ mol−1 and −0.16 kJ mol−1 K−1. For γ-cyclodextrin, the corresponding values are ΔG 0 CD = −20.5 kJ mol−1, ΔH 0 CD = −33.5 kJ mol−1 and ΔS 0 CD = −0.04 kJ mol−1 K−1.   相似文献   

12.
Phase solubility techniques were used to obtain the complexation parameters of cisapride (Cisp) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous 0.05 M citrate buffer solutions. From the UV absorption spectra and the pH solubility profile, two basic pK as were estimated: pK a(1+) = 8.7 and pK a(2+) < 2. The inherent solubility (S o) of Cisp was found to increase as pH decreases, but is limited by the solubility product of the CispH+·citrate1− salt at low pH (pK sp = 3.0). Cisp forms soluble 1:1 and 1:2 Cisp/β-CD complexes. A quantitative measure of the hydrophobic effect (desolvation) contribution to 1:1 complex formation was obtained from the linear variation of free energy of 1:1 Cisp/β-CD complex formation (ΔG 11 = −RT ln K 11 < 0) with that of the inherent solubility of Cisp . The results show that the hydrophobic character of Cisp contributes about 35% of the total driving force to 1:1 complex formation (slope = −0.35), while other factors, including specific interactions, contribute −10.6 kJ/mol (intercept). Protonated 1:1 Cisp/β-CD complex formation at pH 6.0 is driven by favorable enthalpy (ΔH° = −9 kJ/mol) and entropy (ΔS° = 51 J/mol K) changes. In contrast, inherent Cisp solubility is impeded by unfavorable enthalpy (ΔH° = 12 kJ/mol) and entropy (ΔS° = 90 J/mol K) changes. 1H-NMR spectra in D2O and molecular mechanical studies indicate the formation of inclusion complexes. The dominant driving force for neutral Cisp/β-CD complexation in vacuo was predominantly van der Waals with very little electrostatic contribution.  相似文献   

13.
The method of deposition from solutions was used to synthesize [RhL 4Cl2]HSO4 · nH2SO4 · mH2O complex salts (L = Py, γ-picoline), n ≈ 0.5−0.6, m ≈ 5−6. According to the data of X-ray phase analysis, the crystal structure of these salts is formed by layers of cations separated by layers consisting of anions molecules of sulfuric acid and water connected through a system of hydrogen bonds. Calorimetric methods were used to study phase transitions and the range of thermal stability of salts. The method of 1H NMR spectroscopy discovered that protons within the {HSO4 · nH2SO4 · mH2O} subsystem featured enhanced conductivity. Conductivity studies showed that trans-[RhL 4Cl2]HSO4 · nH2SO4 · mH2O samples had high proton conductivity.  相似文献   

14.
Summary The dehydration of trans-[Co(NH3)4Cl2)IO3·2H2O was studied isothermally by t.g.a. In the 0.1 < α < 0.8 range, where α is the fraction of the reaction complete, most of the runs gave the best fit to a second order rate law. Early stages of the reaction appear to follow a rate law based on reaction order while later stages (0.3 < α < 0.5) appear to be controlled by diffusion of H2O. The reaction in the 0.1 < α < 0.3 range gave a best fit to a third order rate law, while the 0.3 < α < 0.5 range gave the best fit to a three dimensional control rate law. The activation energy for the overall reaction was ca. 103 kJ mol−1. For α < 0.3 the activation energy was ca. 79.9 kJ mol−1, but for 0.3 < α < 0.5 it was ca. 110 kJ mol−1.  相似文献   

15.
A 3D infinitely extended structural rare earth coordination compound with a formula of K3{[Sm(H2O)7]2Na[α-SiW11O39Sm(H2O)4]2}·14H2O has been synthesized by reaction of Sm2O3, HClO4, NaOH with α-K8SiW11O39·nH2O, and characterized by IR, UV spectra, ICP, TG-DTA, cyclic voltammetry, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. X-ray single-crystal diffraction indicates that the title compound crystallizes in a triclinic lattice, Pī space group, with a = 1.2462(3) nm, b = 1.2652(3) nm, c = 1.8420(4) nm, α = 87.45(3)°, β = 79.91(3)°, γ= 82.57(3)°, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0778, wR2 = 0.1610. Structural analysis reveals that Sm3+(1) coordination cation has incorporated into the vacant site of [α-SiW11O39]8− entity, forming the [α- SiW11O39Sm(H2O)4]5− subunit. The two adjacent [α-SiW11O39Sm(H2O)4]5− subunits are combined with each other through two Sm(1)-O-W bridges accompanying the formation of dimmer structural unit [α-SiW11O39Sm(H2O)4]2 10− of the title compound. The neighboring dimmer structural units [α-SiW11O39Sm(H2O)4]2 10− are linked to form the 1D chainlike structure by means of two Sm3+(2) and a Na+(1) coordination cations. The K+(1) cations connect the 1D packing chains constructing the 2D netlike structure, and adjacent netlike layers are also grafted by K+(2) cations to build the novel 3D infinitely extended structure. The result of TG-DTA curves manifests that the decomposition temperature of the title polyanionic framework is 554°C. The cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the title polyanion has the two-step redox processes in aqueous solution with pH = 3.1. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility indicates the title compound obeys the Cruie-Weiss Law in the higher temperature range from 110 to 300 K, while in the lower temperature range from 2 to 110 K the comparatively strong antiferromagnetism interactions can be observed.  相似文献   

16.
The interaction of multicomponent water-salt systems including calcium, magnesium, and sodium chlorides, gypsum, air, and water were studied by the methods of thermodynamic modeling. The solubility of α-CaSO4 · 2H2O and β-CaSO4 · 2H2O were determined in aqueous solutions of calcium, magnesium, and sodium chlorides and their mixtures at 25°C and carbon dioxide partial pressure of 10?1.53 kPa, metal chloride concentrations of 10?4 to 1.0 mol/kg H2O, and their molar ratio of 1: 1.  相似文献   

17.
By the interaction of aqueous solutions of salts of the [Re6Se8(CN)6]4− cluster anion with salts of Nd(III), Tb(III), and Yb(III) lanthanides in the presence of tetraatomic alcohol erythritol (butane-1,2R,3S,4-tetraol) three new compounds are obtained: K[Nd(C4H10O4)(H2O)4{Re6Se8(CN)6}]·4H2O (P $ \bar 1 $ \bar 1 space group, a = 11.544 ?, b = 13.643 ?, c = 13.838 ?, α = 111.97°, β = 108.08°, γ = 90.08°) (1); [{Yb2(C4H9O4)2 × (H2O)2}{Re6Se8(CN)6}]·5H2O (P $ \bar 1 $ \bar 1 space group, a = 10.308 ?, b = 10.505 ?, c = 11.154 ?, α = 88.21°, β = 81.83°, γ = 78.50°) (2); [{Tb2(C4H9O4)2(C4H10O4)}{Re6Se8(CN)6}]·4H2O (P $ \bar 1 $ \bar 1 space group, a = 10.002 ?, b = 10.276 ?, c = 11.762 ?, α = 91.32°, β = 104.01°, γ = 106.02°) (3). The structures of these compounds are the coordination polymers (chain (2) and grids (1 and 3)) with different coordination modes of erythritol to the lanthanide cations.  相似文献   

18.
Bis(citrato)hydroxogermanic(IV) acid was obtained for the first time in the complex [H5O2][Ge(H2Cit)(H2.5Cit)(OH)]2 · 2CH3COOH · 2H2O (H4Cit is citric acid). The complex was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, TGA, and IR spectroscopy. Complex I was studied by X-ray crystallography. The crystals are triclinic; a = 10.0651(4) ?, b = 10.1918(4) ?, c = 10.5838(4) ?, α = 85.0110(10)°, β = 85.2170(10)°, γ = 86.7670(10)°, V = 1076.50(7) ?3, Z = 1, space group P[`1]P\bar 1, R1 = 0.0353 for 5709 reflections with I > 2σ(I). Complex I is composed of centrosymmetric dimeric complex anions [Ge2(H2Cit)2(H2.5Cit)2(OH)2], dioxonium cations [H5O2]+, and acetic acid and water molecules of crystallization. The coordination polyhedron of the Ge atom is a trigonal bipyramid. Its equatorial plane comprises two O atoms of the deprotonated alcohol groups of two ligands H2Cit (A) and H2.5Cit (B) and the O atom of the terminal OH group (Ge-O, 1.7585–1.7754 ?; OeqGe(1)Oeq, 116.26°–127.64°). The axial positions are occupied by the carboxy O atom of the deprotonated carboxylate group of the α branch of ligand A (α-Ge-O(C)(carb), 1.8882(12) ?)) and the carbonyl O atom of the hemiprotonated acetate α branch of ligand B (α-Ge-O(C) 1.9615(12) ?, O(1)Ge(1)O(8) 170.47(5)°). In structure I, the complex dianion, the cation, and acetic acid and water molecules are united through hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework.  相似文献   

19.
Low-temperature heat capacities of a solid complex Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s) were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range between 78 and 373 K. The initial dehydration temperature of the coordination compound was determined to be, T D=327.05 K, by analysis of the heat-capacity curve. The experimental values of molar heat capacities were fitted to a polynomial equation of heat capacities (C p,m) with the reduced temperatures (x), [x=f (T)], by least square method. The polynomial fitted values of the molar heat capacities and fundamental thermodynamic functions of the complex relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were given with the interval of 5 K. Enthalpies of dissolution of the [ZnSO4·7H2O(s)+Val(s)] (Δsol H m,l 0) and the Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s) (Δsol H m,2 0) in 100.00 mL of 2 mol dm–3 HCl(aq) at T=298.15 K were determined to be, Δsol H m,l 0=(94.588±0.025) kJ mol–1 and Δsol H m,2 0=–(46.118±0.055) kJ mol–1, by means of a homemade isoperibol solution–reaction calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was determined as: Δf H m 0 (Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s), 298.15 K)=–(1850.97±1.92) kJ mol–1, from the enthalpies of dissolution and other auxiliary thermodynamic data through a Hess thermochemical cycle. Furthermore, the reliability of the Hess thermochemical cycle was verified by comparing UV/Vis spectra and the refractive indexes of solution A (from dissolution of the [ZnSO4·7H2O(s)+Val(s)] mixture in 2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid) and solution A’ (from dissolution of the complex Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s) in 2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid).  相似文献   

20.
A new compound C17H20FN3O32+·CuBr42−·H2O is synthesized in the crystal form, where C17H18FN3O3 (CfH, ciprofloxacin) is 4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. Crystallographic data of ciprofloxacinium tetrabromocuprate(II) monohydrate, C17H22Br4CuFN3O4: a = 8.214(1) ?, b = 10.781(2) ?, c = 13.703(2) ?, α = 85.144(2)°, β = 79.119(2)°, γ = 84.018(2)°, V = 1182.5(4) ?3, P [`1]\bar 1 space group, Z = 2. Supramolecular architecture of the crystal differs from that established for C17H20FN3O32+·CuCl42−·H2O by the absence of π-π interactions of the aromatic rings of CfH32+ ions and also the structural motifs formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds.  相似文献   

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