共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Karl-Theodor Sturm 《Acta Mathematica》2006,196(1):65-131
We introduce and analyze lower (Ricci) curvature bounds
⩾ K for metric measure spaces
. Our definition is based on convexity properties of the relative entropy
regarded as a function on the L
2-Wasserstein space of probability measures on the metric space
. Among others, we show that
⩾ K implies estimates for the volume growth of concentric balls. For Riemannian manifolds,
⩾ K if and only if
⩾ K
for all
.
The crucial point is that our lower curvature bounds are stable under an appropriate notion of D-convergence of metric measure spaces. We define a complete and separable length metric D on the family of all isomorphism classes of normalized metric measure spaces. The metric D has a natural interpretation, based on the concept of optimal mass transportation.
We also prove that the family of normalized metric measure spaces with doubling constant ⩽ C is closed under D-convergence. Moreover, the family of normalized metric measure spaces with doubling constant ⩽ C and diameter ⩽ L is compact under D-convergence. 相似文献
2.
Let N be a compact simply connected smooth Riemannian manifold and, for p ∈ {2,3,...}, W
1,p
(R
p+1, N) be the Sobolev space of measurable maps from R
p+1 into N whose gradients are in L
p
. The restriction of u to almost every p-dimensional sphere S in R
p+1 is in W
1,p
(S, N) and defines an homotopy class in π
p
(N) (White 1988). Evaluating a fixed element z of Hom(π
p
(N), R) on this homotopy class thus gives a real number Φ
z,u
(S). The main result of the paper is that any W
1,p
-weakly convergent limit u of a sequence of smooth maps in C
∞(R
p+1, N), Φ
z,u
has a rectifiable Poincaré dual
. Here Γ is a a countable union of C
1 curves in R
p+1 with Hausdorff -measurable orientation and density function θ: Γ→R. The intersection number between and S evaluates Φ
z,u
(S), for almost every p-sphere S. Moreover, we exhibit a non-negative integer n
z
, depending only on homotopy operation z, such that even though the mass may be infinite. We also provide cases of N, p and z for which this rational power p/(p + n
z
) is optimal. The construction of this Poincaré dual is based on 1-dimensional “bubbling” described by the notion of “scans”
which was introduced in Hardt and Rivière (2003). We also describe how to generalize these results to R
m
for any m ⩾ p + 1, in which case the bubbling is described by an (m–p)-rectifiable set with orientation and density function determined by restrictions of the mappings to almost every oriented
Euclidean p-sphere. 相似文献
3.
In the study of the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of differential-difference equations the
-spectrum has been useful, where
and
implies Fourier transform
, with
given
, φ∈L
∞(ℝ,X), X a Banach space,
(half)line. Here we study
and related concepts, give relations between them, especially
weak Laplace half-line spectrum of φ, and thus ⊂ classical Beurling spectrum = Carleman spectrum =
; also
= Beurling spectrum of “φ modulo
” (Chill-Fasangova). If
satisfies a Loomis type condition (L
U
), then
countable and
uniformly continuous ∈U are shown to imply
; here (L
U
) usually means
, indefinite integral Pf of f in U imply Pf in
(the Bohl-Bohr theorem for
= almost periodic functions, U=bounded functions). This spectral characterization and other results are extended to unbounded functions via mean classes
, ℳ
m
U ((2.1) below) and even to distributions, generalizing various recent results for uniformly continuous bounded φ. Furthermore for solutions of convolution systems S*φ=b with
in some
we show
. With these above results, one gets generalizations of earlier results on the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of neutral
integro-differential-difference systems. Also many examples and special cases are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Andrzej Komisarski 《Journal of Theoretical Probability》2008,21(4):812-823
For a probability space (Ω,ℱ,P) and two sub-σ-fields
we consider two natural distances:
and
. We investigate basic properties of these distances. In particular we show that if a distance (ρ or
) from ℬ to
is small then there exists Z∈ℱ with small P(Z), such that for every B∈ℬ there exists
such that B∖Z and A∖Z differ by a set of probability zero. This improves results of Neveu (Ann. Math. Stat. 43(4):1369–1371, [1972]), Jajte and Paszkiewicz (Probab. Math. Stat. 19(1):181–201, [1999]).
相似文献
5.
A general result on precise asymptotics for linear processes of positively associated sequences 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Let {εt; t ∈ Z^+} be a strictly stationary sequence of associated random variables with mean zeros, let 0〈Eε1^2〈∞ and σ^2=Eε1^2+1∑j=2^∞ Eε1εj with 0〈σ^2〈∞.{aj;j∈Z^+} is a sequence of real numbers satisfying ∑j=0^∞|aj|〈∞.Define a linear process Xt=∑j=0^∞ ajεt-j,t≥1,and Sn=∑t=1^n Xt,n≥1.Assume that E|ε1|^2+δ′〈 for some δ′〉0 and μ(n)=O(n^-ρ) for some ρ〉0.This paper achieves a general law of precise asymptotics for {Sn}. 相似文献
6.
Dinh Dũng 《Advances in Computational Mathematics》2009,30(4):375-401
We investigate a problem of approximate non-linear sampling recovery of functions on the interval expressing the adaptive choice of n sampled values of a function to be recovered, and of n terms from a given family of functions Φ. More precisely, for each function f on , we choose a sequence of n points in , a sequence of n functions defined on and a sequence of n functions from a given family Φ. By this choice we define a (non-linear) sampling recovery method so that f is approximately recovered from the n sampled values f(ξ
1), f(ξ
2),..., f(ξ
n
), by the n-term linear combination
In searching an optimal sampling method, we study the quantity
where the infimum is taken over all sequences of n points, of n functions defined on , and of n functions from Φ. Let be the unit ball in the Besov space and M the set of centered B-spline wavelets
which do not vanish identically on , where N
r
is the B-spline of even order r = 2ρ ≥ [α] + 1 with knots at the points 0,1,...,r. For and α > 1, we proved the following asymptotic order
An asymptotically optimal non-linear sampling recovery method S
* for is constructed by using a quasi-interpolant wavelet representation of functions in the Besov space in terms of the B-splines
M
k,s
and the associated equivalent discrete quasi-norm of the Besov space. For 1 ≤ p < q ≤ ∞ , the asymptotic order of this asymptotically optimal sampling non-linear recovery method is better than the asymptotic
order of any linear sampling recovery method or, more generally, of any non-linear sampling recovery method of the form R(H,ξ,f): = H(f(ξ
1),...,f(ξ
n
)) with a fixed mapping and n fixed points
相似文献
7.
Let be a field and q be a nonzero element of that is not a root of unity. We give a criterion for 〈0〉 to be a primitive ideal of the algebra of quantum matrices. Next, we describe all height one primes of ; these two problems are actually interlinked since it turns out that 〈0〉 is a primitive ideal of whenever has only finitely many height one primes. Finally, we compute the automorphism group of in the case where m ≠ n. In order to do this, we first study the action of this group on the prime spectrum of . Then, by using the preferred basis of and PBW bases, we prove that the automorphism group of is isomorphic to the torus when m ≠ n and (m,n) ≠ (1, 3),(3, 1).
This research was supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 6th European Community Framework Programme
and by Leverhulme Research Interchange Grant F/00158/X. 相似文献
8.
We consider amalgamated free product II1 factors M = M
1*B
M
2*B
… and use “deformation/rigidity” and “intertwining” techniques to prove that any relatively rigid von Neumann subalgebra Q ⊂ M can be unitarily conjugated into one of the M
i
’s. We apply this to the case where the M
i
’s are w-rigid II1 factors, with B equal to either C, to a Cartan subalgebra A in M
i
, or to a regular hyperfinite II1 subfactor R in M
i
, to obtain the following type of unique decomposition results, àla Bass–Serre: If M = (N
1 * CN2*C
…)
t
, for some t > 0 and some other similar inclusions of algebras C ⊂ N
i
then, after a permutation of indices, (B ⊂ M
i
) is inner conjugate to (C ⊂ N
i
)
t
, for all i. Taking B = C and , with {t
i
}
i⩾1 = S a given countable subgroup of R
+
*, we obtain continuously many non-stably isomorphic factors M with fundamental group equal to S. For B = A, we obtain a new class of factors M with unique Cartan subalgebra decomposition, with a large subclass satisfying and Out(M) abelian and calculable. Taking B = R, we get examples of factors with , Out(M) = K, for any given separable compact abelian group K. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, we study a Green’s functions G
E
, G
S
for an elasto-static equations and Stokes equations in a three-dimensional bounded Lipschitz domain Ω. We prove that there
is a positive constant c > 0 depending on the Lipschitz constant such that for all . Furthermore, we show that there is a positive constant η ∈ (0,1) depending on the Lipschitz constant such that for all .
The second author is partially supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant KRF C-00005. 相似文献
10.
Our main result is that the simple Lie group G = Sp(n, 1) acts metrically properly isometrically on L
p
(G) if p > 4n + 2. To prove this, we introduce Property , with V being a Banach space: a locally compact group G has Property if every affine isometric action of G on V, such that the linear part is a C
0-representation of G, either has a fixed point or is metrically proper. We prove that solvable groups, connected Lie groups, and linear algebraic
groups over a local field of characteristic zero, have Property . As a consequence, for unitary representations, we characterize those groups in the latter classes for which the first cohomology
with respect to the left regular representation on L
2(G) is nonzero; and we characterize uniform lattices in those groups for which the first L2-Betti number is nonzero.
相似文献
11.
Frédéric Bayart Pamela Gorkin Sophie Grivaux Raymond Mortini 《Arkiv f?r Matematik》2009,47(2):205-229
We give several characterizations of those sequences of holomorphic self-maps {φ
n
}
n≥1 of the unit disk for which there exists a function F in the unit ball of H
∞ such that the orbit {F∘φ
n
:n∈ℕ} is locally uniformly dense in . Such a function F is said to be a -universal function. One of our conditions is stated in terms of the hyperbolic derivatives of the functions φ
n
. As a consequence we will see that if φ
n
is the nth iterate of a map φ of into , then {φ
n
}
n≥1 admits a -universal function if and only if φ is a parabolic or hyperbolic automorphism of . We show that whenever there exists a -universal function, then this function can be chosen to be a Blaschke product. Further, if there is a -universal function, we show that there exist uniformly closed subspaces consisting entirely of universal functions. 相似文献
12.
For fixed generalized reflection matrix P, i.e. P
T
= P, P
2 = I, then matrix X is said to be generalized bisymmetric, if X = X
T
= PXP. In this paper, an iterative method is constructed to find the generalized bisymmetric solutions of the matrix equation A
1
X
1
B
1 + A
2
X
2
B
2 + ⋯ + A
l
X
l
B
l
= C where [X
1,X
2, ⋯ ,X
l
] is real matrices group. By this iterative method, the solvability of the matrix equation can be judged automatically. When
the matrix equation is consistent, for any initial generalized bisymmetric matrix group , a generalized bisymmetric solution group can be obtained within finite iteration steps in the absence of roundoff errors,
and the least norm generalized bisymmetric solution group can be obtained by choosing a special kind of initial generalized
bisymmetric matrix group. In addition, the optimal approximation generalized bisymmetric solution group to a given generalized
bisymmetric matrix group in Frobenius norm can be obtained by finding the least norm generalized bisymmetric solution group of the new matrix equation
, where . Given numerical examples show that the algorithm is efficient.
Research supported by: (1) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10571047) and (10771058), (2) Natural Science
Foundation of Hunan Province (06JJ2053), (3) Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(06A017). 相似文献
13.
We prove a mean value inequality for non-negative solutions to in any domain Ω ⊂ ℝ
n
, where is the Monge–Ampère operator linearized at a convex function ϕ, under minimal assumptions on the Monge–Ampère measure of ϕ. An application to the Harnack inequality for affine maximal hypersurfaces is included.
相似文献
14.
Attila Nagy 《Semigroup Forum》2009,78(1):68-76
A semigroup S is said to be ℛ-commutative if, for all elements a,b∈S, there is an element x∈S
1 such that ab=bax. A semigroup S is called a generalized conditionally commutative (briefly,
-commutative) semigroup if it satisfies the identity aba
2=a
2
ba. An ℛ-commutative and
-commutative semigroup is called an
-commutative semigroup. A semigroup S is said to be a right H-semigroup if every right congruence of S is a congruence of S. In this paper we characterize the subdirectly irreducible semigroups in the class of
-commutative right H-semigroups.
Research supported by the Hungarian NFSR grant No T029525. 相似文献
15.
Norbert Hegyvári 《The Ramanujan Journal》2009,19(1):1-8
We investigate additive-multiplicative bases in
. Let
, s>2, and
. It is proved that
, provided min {|B|
s/2|A|(s−2)/2,|A|
s/2|B|(s−2)/2}>p
s/2.
This note is supported by “Balaton Program Project” and OTKA grants K 61908, K 67676. 相似文献
16.
Béatrice Vedel 《Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications》2009,15(1):101-123
We propose the construction of wavelet bases with pseudo-polynomials adapted to the homogeneous Sobolev spaces
, s−n/2∈ℕ. They provide a confinement of the infrared divergence by decomposing
as a direct sum X
⊕
Y where X is a “small” space which carries the divergence and Y can be embedded in
. In the case of
we also construct such an orthonormal basis, which provides a confinement of the Mumford process. 相似文献
17.
Sun Zhonghua Qi Wenfeng 《高校应用数学学报(英文版)》2007,22(4):469-477
Let Z/(pe) be the integer residue ring modulo pe with p an odd prime and integer e ≥ 3. For a sequence (a) over Z/(pe), there is a unique p-adic decomposition (a) = (a)0 (a)1·p … (a)e-1 ·pe-1, where each (a)i can be regarded as a sequence over Z/(p), 0 ≤ i ≤ e - 1. Let f(x) be a primitive polynomial over Z/(pe) and G' (f(x), pe) the set of all primitive sequences generated by f(x) over Z/(pe). For μ(x) ∈ Z/(p)[x] with deg(μ(x)) ≥ 2 and gcd(1 deg(μ(x)),p- 1) = 1,set ψe-1 (x0, x1,…, xe-1) = xe-1·[ μ(xe-2) ηe-3 (x0, x1,…, xe-3)] ηe-2 (x0, x1,…, xe-2),which is a function of e variables over Z/(p). Then the compressing map ψe-1: G'(f(x),pe) → (Z/(p))∞,(a) (→)ψe-1((a)0, (a)1,… ,(a)e-1) is injective. That is, for (a), (b) ∈ G' (f(x), pe), (a) = (b) if and only if ψe - 1 ((a)0, (a)1,… , (a)e - 1) =ψe - 1 ((b)0,(b)1,… ,(b)e-1). As for the case of e = 2, similar result is also given. Furthermore, if functions ψe-1 and ψe-1 over Z/(p) are both of the above form and satisfy ψe-1((a)0,(a)1,… ,(a)e-1) = ψe-1((b)0,(b)1,… ,(b)e-1) for (a),(b) ∈ G'(f(x),pe), the relations between (a) and (b), ψe-1 and ψe-1 are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Manel Sanchón 《Potential Analysis》2007,27(3):217-224
We consider the equation on a smooth bounded domain of with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions where p ≥ 2, λ > 0 and f satisfies typical assumptions in the subject of extremal solutions. We prove that, for such general nonlinearities f, the extremal solution u
* belongs to L
∞ (Ω) if N < p + p/(p − 1) and if N < p(1 + p/(p − 1)).
This work was partially supported by MCyT BMF 2002-04613-CO3-02. 相似文献
19.
We prove that all irreducible representations of the bismash product have Frobenius–Schur indicator +1, where k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. If n = p, a prime, we find all indicators for . We also study more general bismash products.
Both authors were supported by NSF grants DMS-07-01291 and DMS-04-01399. 相似文献
20.
Roy Meshulam 《Order》2008,25(2):153-155
Let L be a finite lattice and let . It is shown that if the order complex satisfies then |L| ≥ 2
k
. Equality |L| = 2
k
holds iff L is isomorphic to the Boolean lattice {0,1}
k
.
Research supported by the Israel Science Foundation. 相似文献