Trimode ladar/radar transponder systems for tracking long range cooperative targets

Detection and tracking of cooperative airborne targets are very important for military and also for civilian purposes. Previous research has shown that detection and tracking LASER offer high precision but their operation range is limited to less than 40 km even in good visibility propagation conditions. For long operation ranges, high power and bulky RADAR are required which can be significantly reduced by using active transponders on the cooperative target. A trimode LADAR/RADAR/Transponder system is investigated providing optimum performances. A L band Radar with active transponder is operated for all weather long ranges up to Low Earth Orbit satellites. The L mode is switched to a Mm wave mode RADAR for operation distances lower than 350 km and to an accurate LASER mode for the final tracking steps.     

水下目标多平台协同定位和跟踪方法

提出了一种融合多平台方位观测数据的水下声学目标定位跟踪方法。该方法采用多级多假设跟踪对目标状态进行滤波和关联,第一级基于每个平台波束域检测结果独立使用多假设跟踪方法对目标方位角进行初级跟踪;第二级首先通过多平台联合似然概率估计多目标初始位置,再用多假设跟踪方法对不同平台初级跟踪的方位角航迹进行关联,最后通过关联的角度值和扩展卡尔曼滤波对多目标位置进行序贯估计。仿真结果证明,该方法能以更少计算量实现更优定位性能,优于单级多假设跟踪方法.海试数据处理结果表明,存在较多干扰的情况下,单级方法跟踪过程中丢失目标,而多级方法实现了对目标的全程跟踪,且收敛后定位误差在70m内。该方法可降低噪声干扰对数据关联及目标定位的影响,并通过多平台协同消除线阵的方位模糊,适用于移动多平台声学目标定位和跟踪场景。     

基于USB总线的机载多脉冲激光雷达产品测试系统研制

针对现有的机载激光雷达产品测试系统不能模拟特定信噪比,且系统使用复杂的问题,开发了基于USB总线的机载多脉冲激光雷达产品测试系统;测控软件可以设定信噪比、脉冲幅值、脉冲周期等参数,并根据静态测距和动态测距的实际需要,生成静态和动态模拟数据;另外,测试系统还能够采集外场数据,并在测控计算机上存储和分析;采集和生成的数据经过USB总线发送给基于FPGA+高速D/A转换器架构的数据转换器,再输出给激光雷达产品,保证了数据传输的高速性和灵活性;经过测试表明,信噪比在3~9的情况下,产生回波信号的距离误差控制在1%以内,信号幅值误差控制在0.5%以内;测试系统的各项指标都满足实际需要,为激光雷达产品调试提供了良好的模拟仿真平台。     

机载激光测深系统中海面波浪影响的改正

针对研制的新型机载激光测深系统的海上飞行试验数据,进行预处理、信息提取、数据同步和坐标转换后,开展波浪改正研究.对海底高程的GPS高程信息无波浪改正、GPS高程信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪和加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪三种技术进行了分析.数据处理结果表明,采用加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算得到的波浪信息的方法,结果较好,可满足研制的机载激光测深系统的要求.     

远距离动目标实时测试系统设计

 设计的动目标实时测试系统,主要用于检查武器系统在“零飞”工作方式下的系统联动精度,测试被测系统的跟踪瞄准误差。在对远距离、动目标的监测中,采用双光路设计,长焦距、短焦双筒结构,电切换方式等实现对远、近目标的实时观测, 双光筒安装在同一机体上,通过偏心镜框、偏心圈等保证两者的同轴度要求,夹具具有俯仰、方位的微调机构,方便在校炮时光轴与炮轴线一致性调节,并可实现数据的高精度、高保真测量。对焦距为50 mm和300 mm的镜筒静态测角精度进行了测试。实测结果表明：系统测角精度分别小于0.4 mrad和0.2 mrad,完全满足指标要求。该测试系统采用模块化设计,满足可靠性与通用性要求,可广泛应用于军事和民用等诸多领域。     

Slow-Time Code Design for Space-Time Adaptive Processing in Airborne Radar

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques have been motivated as a key enabling technology for advanced airborne radar applications. In this paper, a slow-time code design is considered for the STAP technique in airborne radar, and the principle for improving signal-to-clutter and noise ratio (SCNR) based on slow-time coding is given. We present two algorithms for the optimization of transmitted codes under the energy constraint on a predefined area of spatial-frequency and Doppler-frequency plane. The proposed algorithms are constructed based on convex optimization (CVX) and alternating direction (AD), respectively. Several criteria regarding parameter selection are also given for the optimization process. Numerical examples show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Millimeter Wave Radar for detecting the speech signal applications

MilliMeter Wave (MMW) Doppler Radar with grating structures for the applications of detecting speech signals has been discovered in our laboratory. The operating principle of detection the acoustic wave signals based on the Wave Propagation Theory and Wave Equations of The ElectroMagnetic Wave (EMW) and Acoustic Wave (AW) propagating, scattering, reflecting and interacting has been investigated. The experimental and observation results have been provided to verify that MMW CW 40GHz dielectric integrated radar can detect and identify out exactly the existential speech signals in free space from a person speaking. The received sound signal have been reproduced by the DSP and the reproducer.Research project supported financially from the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundaton of China).     

基于小波变换的航空红外图像目标检测的预处理

提出了一种基于高斯小波变换的航空红外图像的目标边缘自动提取的新方法。该方法利用小波变换良好的噪声抑制能力及完备的边缘保持能力 ,能够有效的对红外图像进行目标边缘提取、目标增强及噪声抑制等预处理工作。结果表明 ,该方法对红外航空图片的边缘提取能做到快捷、准确、有效     

机载雷达长相参积累机动目标速度补偿方法

载机与空中目标间的相对高机动,会引起机载脉冲多普勒雷达长时间相参积累时目标在频率上跨越多个多普勒滤波器单元,导致目标的相参积累能量降低。利用目标航迹预测加速度或载机自身加速度,在目标回波的距离频域进行线性相位补偿的方法,实现了机动目标的速度走动补偿,有效地提高了目标相参积累信噪比。该方法显著改善了雷达对机动目标的检测性能,具有运算量小、易于工程实时处理等特点。仿真数据验证了理论分析的结果和算法的有效性。     

十七无十字阵水下合作目标远程定位方法

结合水声对抗的实际需求,针对海洋环境下目标定位困难且定位距离有限的问题,利用多水听器十字阵接收信号,并对信号进行加权来提高接收信号信噪比,以达到定位水下合作目标的目的。具体通过波束形成和信号相关,依据目标方位与波束形成方位一致时能量最大的原则,实现对远距离水下合作目标方位和距离的估计,并通过仿真和试验验证了所提定位方法的有效性。     

Dispersion imaging spectrometer for detecting and locating energetic targets in real time

A conceptual dispersion imaging spectrometer(DIS) is proposed.It consists of a telescope,four prisms,an imaging lens,and a detector.The first prism allows only the first set of wavelengths along the first direction to pass and disperse.The second prism allows only the second set of wavelengths along the second direction,which is perpendicular to the first.The third and fourth prisms are used to compensate for the angular deviations from the optical axes of the first and second prisms,respectively.The proposed DIS disperses the spectra of a target to form an L-shaped dispersion pattern(LDP).The theoretical calculation and numerical simulation of the LDP are presented.The DIS can locate multiple targets based only on data obtained from a single frame.It is suitable for detecting and locating energetic targets in real time.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了“头部顶点”和“两点提取”两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。     

机载激光通信终端的模糊变结构跟踪方法研究(英文)

为避免经典固定模型集合中多模型算法造成的模型间竞争并减小计算量,基于有向图切换的变结构方法,建立有向图切换规则和较完备的模型集合.通过模糊逻辑推理得到模型集合中各模型的匹配度,以此代替传统多模型算法中的模式概率来计算,降低了计算的复杂度.采用核粒子滤波克服了标准粒子滤波没有考虑到的量测信息问题,即粒子能够通过核密度估计后朝着状态的后验概率密度的模型移动,使真实和估计模型之间的均方误差最小.仿真结果表明,基于模糊理论的变结构核粒子滤波算法能较大地提高跟踪准确度和减少计算量.     

Wavelet Filter and Noise Rejection for the Pulse Laser Radar

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Laser production of polarized beams and targets

Hyperfine interaction techniques have historically been applied to produce polarized nuclei. The use of optical pumping with tunable lasers is a new hyperfine interaction method which dramatically extends the range of nuclear species which can be polarized, as well as the fluxes and densities which can be achieved and the temperature range in which experiments can be carried out. Lasers are ideally suided for the production of polarized atomic beams, as will be illustrated for the cases of^6,7Li,²³Na and³He. Techniques for polarizing dense atomic vapors will be described with an emphasis on achieving full Doppler coverage by the method of velocity changing collisions. Experiments leading to the production of a⁶Li target for a parity non-conservation study of the nuclear reaction⁶Li(α,γ)¹⁰B will be reviewed and results obtained to date presented.     

Constrained radar waveform optimization for a cooperative radar-communication system

The coexistence of radar-sensing and communication systems research has received a surge of interest in recent times to tackle the issue of spectrum inadequacy. Designing an optimized radar waveform for a coexistence scenario has been a challenging task for accomplishing the convergence of radar-sensing and communication functionalities, without degrading the performance at either end. This paper proposes a novel global optimization-based Spatial Branch and Bound (SBnB) approach to optimize the phase coefficients of a Non-Linear Frequency Modulated (NLFM) waveform in a CRCS framework. In addition, the Modified-Power Ratio Constraint-Cramér–Rao Lower Bound (M-PRC-CRLB), a local optimization-based approach is proposed to optimize the phase coefficients of an NLFM waveform. The spectral energy distribution and auto-correlation characteristics of an NLFM waveform are comprehensively investigated for various values of polynomial order (N) and at different threshold Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) values. To compare the proposed waveform design approaches (M-PRC-CRLB, SBnB) with the existing waveform design approaches namely, Minimum Estimation Error Variance (MEEV) and PRC- CRLB, a Peak-to-Side-Lobe-Ratio (PSLR), and Integrated-Side-Lobe-Ratio (ISLR) are evaluated at various polynomial orders and threshold SNR values. Furthermore, the performance of a CRCS is assessed using the radar estimation rate and communication data rate. The simulation results reveal that the proposed optimized radar waveform design approaches provide improved performance compared to the existing radar waveform design approaches in terms of radar estimation rate. Further, the proposed global optimization-based SBnB approach achieves a comparable performance of the communication data rate. In addition, the proposed approaches accomplish enhanced spectral utilization, controlled side-lobe energy levels, reduced range-domain ambiguities, and a higher information rate in a CRCS.     

透过散射介质对直线运动目标的全光成像及追踪技术

光散射是限制光传输以及降低和破坏光学成像性能的主要因素,透过复杂散射介质对运动目标的全光成像是光学领域极具挑战性的技术之一.本文提出一种利用散斑差值自相关透过散射介质对运动目标进行实时追踪的方法.采用赝热光照明,基于光学记忆效应理论,通过对运动目标采集的两帧散斑做差值,然后做自相关运算,计算目标移动的距离,实现对目标的实时追踪,并且利用相位恢复算法进行简单处理就可以重建隐藏目标.对该方法进行了实验验证,成功地对隐藏的运动目标实现了成像与追踪.这种透过散射介质对运动目标的全光成像及实时追踪技术,在生物医学等领域具有重要应用潜力.     

CO_2激光雷达及其应用

本文从ＣＯ＿２激光雷达的优点、种类、原理及其关键技术进行了阐述，并对ＣＯ＿２激光雷达在巡航导弹上的应用进行了介绍。     

Laser pulse optimization for practical laser drilling

Laser drilling is a common commercially developed technique for material processing. From the application viewpoint, it is the end product for a laser system, for instance a drilled hole, that matters. Laser pulse profile is the most important parameter controlling the laser hole drilling process. An efficient and practical method is therefore needed to develop a relationship between the pulse parameters and the depth of hole produced in a known material. In the present study, dimensionless groups are developed to optimize laser pulse parameters to give information on workpiece materials. Consequently, an optimal laser pulse for drilling an aluminum workpiece is predicted.     

机载激光测距机测距性能的数值仿真

根据激光测距机对漫反射大目标的测距方程,从理论上分析了激光测距机的测距性能与大气透过率及背景噪声之间的关系;并使用LOWTRAN7软件,对它们之间的依赖关系进行了数值计算与深入探讨,为机载激光测距机的测程指标的设计及测试提供了依据。