生物催化制备香精香料

对于由细菌、真菌和酵母生产多种生物香精香料的潜力作了综述. 归纳了微生物工艺相对于化学合成或萃取的优势. 记述了由特定底物的生物转化合成香精香料. 讨论一些商业化工艺.     

生物催化合成手性胺的研究进展

手性胺是一类重要的关键药物中间体，其高效和绿色的合成方法成为人们关注的焦点。本文综述了脂肪酶、转氨酶、单胺氧化酶、亚胺还原酶、胺脱氢酶和P450单加氧酶等不同的生物酶在手性胺类化合物中的合成应用。      

生物催化在高分子合成中的应用

生物催化剂已被越来越多地用于高分子学中,产生了许多新的反应、工艺和商业用途.酶和全细胞工艺都引起了众多关注,生物催化剂的立体选择性是它们的主要优势之一,新的或改良的方法层出不穷.生物催化的进程主要集中在几个方面上:聚合反应、聚合物修饰反应、聚合物降解反应以及单体和低聚物的合成.在这篇文章中,我们总结了生物催化在高分子合成中的最新应用.     

酶膜反应器及其在生物催化领域的应用

酶膜反应器是一种新型的生物催化反应设备,它是反应与分离相耦合的装置,集产品分离、纯化和酶回收利用于一体,具有其它方法不可比拟的优势。在强调资源节约,环境友好和清洁化生产技术的今天,显示一些特别的优点,近年来已成为热门的研究领域。本文主要介绍了酶膜反应器的基本原理、特征及其分类,并根据分类对近年来酶膜反应器在生物催化领域...     

血红蛋白生物催化合成导电聚苯胺

利用血红蛋白在十二烷基磺酸钠阴离子表面活性剂胶束体系中生物催化合成水溶性导电聚苯胺/十二烷基磺酸复合物(PANI/SDS), 讨论了不同反应体系及溶液pH值对聚合反应产物的影响. 结果表明该反应具有明显的pH值依赖性, pH (1.0～4.0)是合成导电聚苯胺所必需的, 其最适pH值为3.0, 聚苯胺由导电的翠绿亚胺盐转变为本征态发生在pH 10.4. 用元素分析法、紫外-可见分光光度法、FT-IR、循环伏安法、粘度测试、电导率测试、热重分析法等对PANI/SDS复合物表征, 结果表明该复合物具有较好的热稳定性和可逆的电化学活性.     

用芹菜茎生物催化对映选择性还原芳香酮

研究了用芹菜茎薄片在温和与环境友好的条件下催化芳香酮的对映选择性还原反应.制备得到具有光学活性的(S)-1-芳基醇,产物的对映选择性符合Prelog规则.考察了pH值、反应时间、反应温度、底物浓度等因素对底物芳香酮的转化率和产物(S)-1-芳基醇的对映体过量值的影响,并优化了这些反应条件.文中还研究了底物的构效关系,发现羰基两边取代基的空间效应和电子效应明显影响底物的转化率和产物的对映体过量值.在合适的条件下底物苯乙酮的转化率高达100%,产物(S)-1-苯基乙醇的对映体过量值大于99.0%.苯丙酮、对甲基苯乙酮和对氯苯乙酮等其它芳香酮的转化率达到中等程度,但所得(S)-1.芳基醇的最大对映体过量值均大于99.0%.     

介观催化材料的制备、表征和催化性能

研究担载是4个和6个Ir原子簇的催化性能,发现两者有很大的差别,也和常规催化剂有很大的区别。     

酶催化生物可降解聚酯的合成与研究进展

生物可降解聚酯是一种新型高分子聚合材料,可通过发酵、化学方法和酶催化来合成.本文综述了酶催化下通过缩聚、酯交换、内酯开环聚合等方法合成此类聚酯.酶催化合成生物可降解聚酯是一种新型的技术,可以在温和条件下高效合成,有着传统方法难以比拟的优势.     

离子液体及其在生物催化中的应用

综述了在离子液体中酶及完整细胞的生物催化反应的研究状况, 初步总结了影响离子液体中酶催化反应的因素, 离子液体作为绿色反应介质在生物转化工业中将有广阔的应用前景.     

生物催化与新药研究和开发

生物催化具有条件温和、效率高、选择性强、副产物少等特点,因此生物催化在新药的研究和开发中得到广泛的应用;此外,利用生物技术对生物催化剂进行改造优化,将使其能够更好地应用于新颖的生产工艺。本文对此领域的进展作一简单介绍和概述。     

Asymmetric Reductive Amination in Organocatalysis and Biocatalysis

This review summarizes the recent progress of organocatalytic and biocatalytic asymmetric reductive amination (ARA), a challenging but important topic for drug discovery and the pharmaceutical industry. At present, ARA can be divided into three categories: metal catalysis, organic catalysis, and biocatalysis. In the past decade, transition metal-catalysed ARA has been well established. Organocatalytic ARA has emerged as a powerful alternative to metal-catalysed ARA, the hydrogen sources used in organocatalytic ARA are usually Hantzsch esters, benzothiazolines, boranes, and hydrosilanes, which require Lewis base or phosphoric acid catalysts to activate them to give secondary chiral amines. It is worth mentioning that biocatalytic ARA has made remarkable progress in the last decade, amino acid dehydrogenases, amine dehydrogenases, opine dehydrogenases and imine reductases have been successfully used in ARA.     

Applications of Ionic Liquids in Whole-Cell and Isolated Enzyme Biocatalysis

Ionic liquids have unique chemical properties that have fascinated scientists in many fields. The effects of adding ionic liquids to biocatalysts are many and varied. The uses of ionic liquids in biocatalysis include improved separations and phase behaviour, reduction in toxicity, and stabilization of protein structures. As the ionic liquid state of the art has progressed, concepts of what can be achieved in biocatalysis using ionic liquids have evolved and more beneficial effects have been discovered. In this review ionic liquids for whole-cell and isolated enzyme biocatalysis will be discussed with an emphasis on the latest developments, and a look to the future.     

生物催化用于C—C键的立体选择性合成

C—C键的立体选择性形成是有机合成化学的重要方面. 生物催化剂的立体选择性是它们的主要优势之一, 用酶催化C—C键形成已引起了广泛关注. 总结了生物转化中C—C键形成的最新应用, 着重讨论了醛缩酶和转酮醇酶生物催化剂的应用.     

色谱手性分离研究

以直链淀粉三(3, 5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)为材料,利用相转化法制备直链淀粉三(3, 5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)-聚醚砜手性高分子膜. 使用自制的手性膜色谱装置与高效液相色谱仪结合,对手性物质盐酸普萘洛尔和美托洛尔进行了手性膜色谱分离研究. 研究了进样量、流速、膜尺寸对分离效果的影响. 在优选分离效果的条件下,手性膜色谱以纯水为流动相,测得盐酸普萘洛尔的分离因子（α）和分离度（Rs）分别为3.00和0.95,美托洛尔的α和Rs分别为1.65和0.46. 为手性化合物的分离分析开拓了新的途径.     

Enantioselective Chemo- and Biocatalysis: Partners in Retrosynthesis

Recent developments of stereoselective biocatalytic and chemocatalytic methods are discussed. The review provides a guide to the use of biocatalytic methods in the area of chemical synthesis with focused attention on retrosynthetic considerations and analysis. The transformations presented are organized according to bond disconnections and attendant synthetic methods. The review is expected to lead to better understanding of the characteristics and distinctions of the two complementary approaches. It depicts for researchers in bio- and chemocatalysis a road map of challenges and opportunities for the evolution (and at times revolution) in chemical synthesis.     

Directed Evolution and Biocatalysis

This review describes the current state of biocatalysis in the chemical industry. Although we recognize the advantages of chemical approaches, we suggest that the use of biological catalysis is about to expand dramatically because of the recent developments in the artificial evolution of genes that code for enzymes. For the first time it is possible to consider the rapid development of an enzyme that is designed for a specific chemical reaction. This technology offers the opportunity to adapt the enzyme to the needs of the process. We describe herein the development of enzyme evolution technology and particularly DNA shuffling. We also consider several classes of enzymes, their current applications, and the limitations that should be addressed. In a review of this length it is impossible to describe all the enzymes with potential for industrial exploitation; there are other classes, which given appropriate activity, selectivity, and robustness, could become useful tools for the industrial chemist. This is an exciting era for biocatalysis and we expect great progress in the future.     

甘油在微生物代谢合成及生物催化中的应用

生物柴油是一种可再生能源,因其可替代石油来源的柴油而日益受到重视。随着生物柴油工业的蓬勃发展,其制备过程中的主要副产物甘油出现明显的产能过剩。作为一种廉价的清洁资源,甘油的深度开发和利用既是发展生物柴油工业的关键,也符合绿色化学的发展要求。近年来,甘油不仅作为重要的起始原料用于一些高附加值化学品的制备,而且因其独特的理化性质和易降解、生物相容性好等特性,在生物催化和绿色溶剂领域的应用研究日趋活跃。本文主要综述了甘油在工业微生物发酵、生物合成和绿色溶剂领域的研究进展,并就其应用中存在的一些问题,如甘油原料品质和微生物利用效率等进行分析,同时展望了甘油在生物催化领域的应用前景。