高挥发分烟煤的热解、燃烧特性研究

采用固定床热解反应器、热解 红外联用仪 (Py FTIR)和热重分析仪 ,考察了高挥发分烟煤的热解、燃烧特性 ,实验结果表明 ,高挥发分烟煤在热解过程中放出大量烃类气体 ,从燃烧试验看 ,明显分为热解段和燃烧段 ,且热解段挥发分的释放非常迅速 ,从而揭示出高挥发分烟煤燃烧过程中产生大量黑烟的原因。     

不同煤阶热解半焦的FT-Raman光谱研究

在热天平上采用慢速升温制备了褐煤、高挥发分烟煤和低挥发分烟煤的半焦。采用FT-Raman光谱对半焦进行了分析。半焦800cm^-1至1800cm^-1的Raman光谱可分解为10个谱带,以表征高度无序炭材料中的典型结构。光谱和谱带的强度比都可用来描述半焦的结构特征。在600℃低温热解时,三种煤半焦的结构差异明显。随热解温度升至800℃或900℃,这种差别消失。褐煤中可交换的钠离子影响热解过程中的成焦反应。     

应用TG-FTIR联用研究催化剂对煤热解的影响

用TG-FTIR联用技术研究了碱金属、碱土金属和过渡金属对宝日希勒褐煤和包头烟煤热解的催化作用和挥发分析出的影响。结果表明，各种催化剂对褐煤和烟煤热解的催化效果分别为Ni>Fe~Ca>K和Ca~Fe>Ni>K，K2CO3对煤的热解没有明显的催化作用。催化剂使褐煤和烟煤热解转化率增加的最大值分别为10.1％和6.4％。烟煤热解生成的CH4比褐煤的多，不同的催化剂使煤热解挥发产物CO2、H2O、CH4和CO增加的幅度不一样，催化效果与温度和煤的变质程度有关。     

A TG/DTA study on the effect of coal blending on ignition behaviour

Understanding the ignition behaviour of coal is of utmost importance for the design of boilers and control of the combustion process. In recent years there has been an increasing utilisation of coal blends for combustion, but information on the possible interactive effects during ignition of the individual components is scarce. In this work the ignition behaviour of a series of coal blends, made up from three coals of different rank, sub-bituminous, high volatile and low volatile bituminous, was studied. To this end a thermogravimetric analyser linked to a mass spectrometer for evolved gas analysis was used. Different ignition behaviour was observed for the coals studied; the sub-bituminous and low volatile bituminous coals ignited heterogeneously, while homogeneous ignition occurred for the high volatile bituminous coal. In the case of blends of the low and high volatile bituminous coals, different mechanisms of ignition were observed depending on the blends composition. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

青山烟煤中痕量元素的分布特性

青山烟煤中痕量元素的分布特性晏蓉，欧阳中华，曾汉才，吴育松，王秋华，陆晓华，徐涛（华中理工大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室，武汉４３００７４）（华中理工大学化学系，武汉４３００７４）关键词烟煤，痕量元素，分布特征煤中矿物质的存在对煤的使用有很大影响，最大影响...     

Preparation and characterization of colloidal dispersions of graphene-like structures from different ranks of coals

This paper focuses on preparation of colloidal solution of graphene-like structures from different ranks of coals: brown coal, bituminous coal, low-volatile bituminous coal, anthracite. It was found that brown coal thermo-oxidative destruction leads to formation of small d=32 nm (V=17%) and large d=122 nm (V=11%) fractions of nanoparticles. The thermo-oxidative destruction of bituminous coal leads to formation of nanoparticles d=50 nm (V= 5.2%) and d=164 nm (V=16%). Thermo-oxidative destruction of low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite leads to formation of nanoparticles, predominantly, d= 122-190 nm. Carbon nanostructures obtained from coal are negatively charged at pH=2-12. Colloidal solution of carbon nanostructures at dispersed phase concentration 0.01 mg/mL is stable for 1 month. Electron diffraction patterns and X-ray analysis of carbon nanostructures showed that nanostructure from brown coal is amorphous and nanostructure from anthracite is crystalline. Results of coal macromolecules modeling and graphene-like structures obtained from them are presented.     

DSC-TG studies of coal structure modification by the inert gas helium

The influence of the inert gases helium and argon on the thermal properties of coal have been studied using DSC and TG. The coals studied were high-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite. It has been stated that the heat capacity of coal is strongly influenced by helium. This phenomenon is especially distinct for high-volatile bituminous coal. The authors attempt to explain this phenomenon.     

天然焦的XRD及气化特性

利用X射线衍射技术对沛城煤矿天然焦、徐州韩桥烟煤和石墨粉试剂进行衍射实验，得出三种物质的结构特征。在热重天平上研究天然焦－CO2的气化反应性，并与烟煤的气化特性进行对比。结果表明，天然焦具有与无烟煤类似的微晶结构，表征晶体三维结构的101衍射峰并未出现；天然焦的气化活性要比烟煤差，但是在添加催化剂或者提高气化温度后天然焦的气化活性得到改善；比较三种催化剂的催化效果发现，K基催化剂的催化效果最好，其次是Ca基、Fe基催化剂。利用未反应收缩核模型能够很好地描述天然焦、烟煤的气化过程，通过计算得出气化反应的动力学参数。     

用IR,NMR,HPLC研究煤超临界抽提油F2馏分

本文采用ＩＲ、ＮＭＲ、ＨＰＬＣ方法研究了我国峰峰矿瘦煤、焦煤、肥煤三种烟煤超临界抽出物Ｆ＿２馏分，这一馏分为抽出油已烷可溶物（ｏｉｌ）在硅胶色谱柱上用苯冲洗而得到￣［６］。由ＩＲ、ＮＭＲ、ＨＰＬＣ分析结果表明：三种烟煤Ｆ＿２馏分主要由芳烃化合物组成；以单取代苯和邻位双取代苯为主（包括缩合环体系）；芳环上取代基链不长，其中含有相当数量的申基取代的芳烃化合物，像甲苯、甲萘、二甲基萘等等。三种烟煤Ｆ＿２馏分中都含有较多的双环和三环芳烃，以三环芳烃含量最多。双环芳烃主要是萘系化合物；三环芳烃为蒽、菲类化合物；单环和三环以上芳烃含量较少。     

污泥水煤浆燃烧和污染排放特性研究

在3.2 MW 卧式炉中对污泥水煤浆和大同烟煤水煤浆进行了对比燃烧实验,分别研究了煤浆的着火、燃烧、结渣及污染物排放特性。结果表明,掺混 10%污泥的水煤浆着火容易,燃烧稳定,炉膛火焰分布均匀,燃烧和结渣特性均优于大同烟煤水煤浆。污泥的添加使水煤浆燃烧烟气中SO₂和NO_x的浓度偏高,实际应用中可通过加入固硫剂等方式缓解。污泥水煤浆在卧式炉中的燃烧状况较理想,为城市污泥资源化利用提供了一条可行的新途径。     

Materiaux composites a base de graves et De liants polymeres—VI. Etude des enrobes a base de liant bitume-polyethylene ozonise et de granulats mineraux

Studies have been made of mixtures consisting of minerals and a binder made of bitumen with polyethylene (pure or recovered; non-ozonized or ozonized). The presence of the polymer leads to materials with better properties, especially compression strength. The bituminous mixtures are less affected by temperature have improved modulus of elasticity and there is better adhesion with the mineral. It is shown that recovered polyethylene, when ozonized, can be useful in bituminous mixtures.     

Synergistic effects on co-pyrolysis of lignite and high-sulfur swelling coal

Co-pyrolysis of a lignite coal and a bituminous coal was carried out on a fixed-bed reactor. The lignite was enriched with calcium, and the bituminous coal featured in high sulfur and strong swelling. Experiments were also conducted for the blends using the acid-washed lignite and/or the acid washed bituminous coal to address the influences of calcium in the lignite on the synergistic behaviors. Calcium in the lignite exhibited some aspects of synergy including the catalytic cracking reactions of tar, the retention of sulfur in the char, and the catalyzed polyaromatization and gasification of char. These synergies impacted the differences in the product distribution and gas composition between the co-pyrolytic results and the additive ones. Moreover, there appeared to be a synergistic effect on the cross-linking reaction of volatile matter, resulting in an increase in the char yield irrespective of coal demineralization. The co-pyrolysis was also observed to destroy the swelling of coal. This synergistically increased the tar yield due to less resistant escaping of tar from the intra-particles of coal.     

Formation mechanism of methane during coal evolution:A density functional theory study

The formation mechanism of methane （CH4） during coal evolution has been investigated by density functional theory （DFT） of quantum chemistry. Thermogenic gas, which is generated during the thermal evolution of medium rank coal, is the main source of coalbed methane （CBM）. Ethylbenzene （A） and 6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-hydroxynaphthalene （B） have been used as model compounds to study the pyrolysis mechanism of highly volatile bituminous coal （R）, according to the similarity of bond orders and bond lengths. All possible paths are designed for each model. It can be concluded that the activation energies for H-assisted paths are lower than others in the process of methane formation; an H radical attacking on β-C to yield CH4 is the dominant path for the formation of CH4 from highly volatile bituminous coal. In addition, the calculated results also reveal that the positions on which H radical attacks and to which intramolecular H migrates have effects on methyl cleavage.     

烟煤和无烟煤中碘的赋存形态及其环境效应分析

采用逐级化学提取和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)研究烟煤和无烟煤中碘的赋存形态。结果表明,烟煤和无烟煤中各种形态的碘含量由高到低依次都是有机态、铁锰氧化物结合态、水溶态、残留态、离子交换态和碳酸盐结合态。烟煤和无烟煤中有机结合态碘平均含量分别为47.4%±3.28%和43.3%±2.42%,Fe-Mn氧化物结合态碘分别为36.8%±3.70%和34.6%±4.77%,水溶态和离子交换态碘平均含量之和分别为10.3%±3.00%和14.3%±3.37%,碘的平均潜在淋失率分别10.9%和16.0%,平均潜在可淋失浓度分别为0.9μg/g和1.2μg/g。这说明无烟煤中生物有效态碘含量高于烟煤,在表生条件下烟煤和无烟煤中淋出的碘都能导致地表水中碘的浓度升高;无烟煤中碘的有利环境效应大于烟煤,而不良环境效应小于烟煤。     

Thermokinetic behavior and microcharacterization of low-rank bitumiteoxidization

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - As to the continuous consumption of limited high-rank coal resources, low-rank bituminous coal is gradually grabbing more attention to the utilization...     

Using waste flexible polyvinyl chloride treated with DOP/calcium hydroxide for enriching the performance of oxidizing bitumen

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Now it is possible to get environmentally friendly bituminous material with promising engineering properties by improving the oxidized bitumen which...     

炭化条件和铁系添加剂对炭分子筛性能影响的研究

炭分子筛(ＣａｒｂｏｎＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＳｉｅｖｅ,以下简称ＣＭＳ)是具有特别发达的微孔结构的特种活性炭,在气体分离方面有广阔的应用前景[1]。目前作为变压吸附空气分离技术的首选吸附剂,在国内外被广泛用于中小规模的空气分离以制取富Ｎ2气体,制取ＣＭＳ的原料多是椰子壳、果核、植物、石油沥青及各种煤等[2,3]。煤是一种具有较为发达的孔隙结构的物质,且价格低廉,来源广泛,是制取ＣＭＳ的一种较为理想的原料。鸡西地区拥有丰富的煤炭资源,开发煤炭的深加工及高附加值产品具有十分重要的意义。本文以鸡西地区的烟煤为原料,制备空…     

稻草与煤固定床共热解特性的研究

选取稻草为生物质原料,将其与两种不同煤阶的煤(内蒙褐煤和神府烟煤)分别以0∶100、20∶80、40∶60、60∶40、80∶20、100∶0的干基质量比均匀混合.借助固定床反应器,研究了稻草与两种煤的共热解特性,探讨了共热解过程中可能存在的协同作用.结果表明,稻草添加有利于共热解气体产物的生成,且对神府煤作用更明显;稻草含量越高,热解气体产量的实验值与加权平均计算值的偏差也越大,说明稻草与煤共热解过程发生了协同作用.而共热解所得焦产量的实验值与加权平均计算值基本一致.热解焦傅里叶红外光谱分析结果表明,稻草添加对热解焦的官能团未造成显著影响.     

Imaging techniques applied to characterize bitumen and bituminous emulsions

The purpose of this article is to present some important advances in the imaging techniques currently used in the characterization of bitumen and bituminous emulsions. Bitumen exhibits some properties, such as a black colour and a reflecting surface at rest, which permit the use of optical techniques to study the macroscopic behaviour of asphalt mixes in the cold mix technology based on emulsion use. Imaging techniques allow monitoring in situ the bitumen thermal sensitivity as well as the complex phenomenon of emulsion breaking. Evaporation-driven breaking was evaluated from the shape of evaporating emulsion drops deposited onto non-porous and hydrophobic substrates. To describe the breaking kinetics, top-view images of a drying emulsion drop placed on an aggregate sheet were acquired and processed properly. We can conclude that computer-aided image analysis in road pavement engineering can elucidate the mechanism of breaking and curing of bituminous emulsion.     

澳大利亚烟煤热解的拉曼光谱研究

采用拉曼光谱考察了澳大利亚烟煤在常压、温度为298~1 473 K条件下,不同热解气氛(Ar和N2)下的热解性能。结合AD/Aall、AG/Aall、WG以及PG-PD等表征参数分析发现,澳大利亚烟煤的热解可以分为三个阶段:298~873 K为固有小分子和大分子键能较弱处断裂分解产生的小分子化合物的析出沉积和挥发;873~1 273 K为大分子化合物裂解挥发和炭化;1 273~1 473 K为焦炭的石墨化。在N2和Ar气氛经1 473 K热处理后,焦炭的不同杂化结构的碳相对含量呈现明显差异。不同保温时间下,其煤焦碳结构演变趋势相似,但保温时间越长,越有利于小分子挥发分在较低温度的挥发。