α-Fe2O3形貌对Au/α-Fe2O3催化一氧化碳氧化反应性能的影响

负载型纳米金催化剂由于其独特的化学性质在一系列氧化反应中受到广泛关注.其中,一氧化碳氧化不仅在实际应用领域(如汽车尾气处理)发挥重要作用,而且作为一种理想的模型反应用以深入研究和理解催化剂的构效关系.为了获得高效的纳米金催化剂,我们需要把金负载到载体上,载体不仅为金的分散提供必要的表面,而且还会和金产生相互作用,这种金...     

水热法制备SnO2/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料

用α-Fe2O3纳米粒子作为前驱物,以SnC l4和NaOH作为反应试剂,通过简单的水热法制备了SnO2/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料。SnO2/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料具有有趣的形貌:直径约为20nm的SnO2纳米棒以α-Fe2O3纳米粒子为中心向四周辐射生长。利用X-ray粉末衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段对样品的成份、结构、形貌和尺寸进行了表征,初步探讨了SnO2/α-Fe2O3纳米复合材料的形成机理。     

α-Fe2O3在Y沸石上的分散

用草酸高铁铵浸渍NaY沸石, 并在高温下焙烧, 得到α-Fe_2O_3/NaY沸石体系。经XRD相定量外推法测定, α-Fe_2O_3在NaY沸石上的最大分散量为0.060 gα-Fe_2O_3/gNaY, 仅占α-Fe_2O_3在沸石表面密置单层量的5.5%。首次尝试用正电子寿命谱方法测定α-Fe_2O_3在沸石表面的最大分散量, 所得结果与XRD方法完全吻合。由程序升温还原方法发现沸石上α-Fe_2O_3的还原分两步进行, α-Fe_2O_3先还原成Fe_3O_4, 然后再还原成金属。α-Fe_2O_3分散相与沸石之间的强相互作用, 使这两个还原反应受到阻抑。     

纺锤形α-Fe2O3粒子的溶液催化合成

以Fe2(SO4)3为原料,在pH为4～7、微量催化剂Fe^2离子及晶体助长剂NaH2PO4存在下,沸腾回流,短时问可直接成长出纺锤形α—Fe2O3超细粒子．与强迫水解法和水热法比较,该方法具有操作简单、反应物浓度高、反应条件温和及重现性好等优点．同时研究了各种因素对产物的轴比及相转化速率的影响．     

α-Fe2O3 nanotubes with superior lithium storage capability

Polycrystalline α-Fe(2)O(3) nanotubes with thin walls have been synthesized by one-step template-engaged precipitation of Fe(OH)(x) followed by thermal annealing. In virtue of the unique structural features, these α-Fe(2)O(3) nanotubes exhibit superior lithium storage capabilities with exceptional high-rate capacity retention as a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries.     

消解炉水热法制备超细α-Fe2O3粒子

水热法是制备超细晶粒的一种重要方法。我们以Fe(OH)3凝胶为前驱物,用环境分析测定COD时使用的消解管作反应器,用消解炉水热法制备了超细立方形和球形的α-Fe2O3粒子。该法具有反应时间短、形成的颗粒均匀、便于观察制备过程中反应体系的变化、可平行进行多组试验,试样用量少。     

α-Fe2O3掺杂对In2O3电导和气敏性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了α Fe2O3掺杂的In2O3纳米晶微粉,研究了α Fe2O3掺杂对In2O3电导和气敏性能的影响. 结果表明, α Fe2O3和In2O3间可形成有限固溶体In2－xFexO3(0≤x≤0.40); Fe3＋对In2O3晶格中In3＋格位的部分取代,大大增强了阴阳离子间的结合力,导致材料中氧空位VO×数骤降、 自由电子的浓度变稀和电导下降. n(Fe3＋):n(In3＋)=5 :5的共沉淀粉于800 ℃下灼烧4 h所得的α Fe2O3掺杂In2O3传感器元件,对45 μmol•L－1 C2H5OH的灵敏度达54.0,为相同浓度干扰气体汽油的8倍多.     

介孔α-Fe2O3表面配合反应平衡常数测定

采用十二胺为模板剂、氨水做沉淀剂成功制备了介孔α-Fe2O3,通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附/脱附技术对样品晶相、形貌和比表面积进行了表征.根据介孔α-Fe2O3悬浮液的酸碱滴定数据,使用FITEQL软件,采用双电层恒电容模型计算得出了介孔α-Fe2O3的表面酸碱反应平衡常数.在此基础上研究了Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+在介孔氧化铁表面的吸附行为,使用WinSGW软件模拟得出了相应的表面配合反应平衡常数并讨论了其吸附机理.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶

钛酸四丁酯;十二烷基磺酸钠;溶胶-凝胶法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶     

α-Fe2O3在LiOF水溶液中的锂化行为

用循环伏安和红外光谱法对α-Fe2O3在室温LiOH溶液中的锂化行为进行研究.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电感偶合等离子体光源的原子发射光谱(ICP)对α-Fe2O3电极在第一、二次循环中不同时段进行了跟踪分析测量.实验结果揭示:α-Fe2O3能进行少量锂化;大量的α-Fe2O3在第一次放电和充电后反应生成Fe3O4;之后,Fe3O4的锂化行为不可避免地为Fe的析出、氧化反应所限制,但在用KOH作电解质溶液的对比实验时发现:α-Fe2O3在LiOH溶液中的充放电行为与它在KOH溶液中是不同的,主要表现为,1)在LiOH溶液中,锂化和Fe析出、氧化反应协调的结果是其充放电曲线平台高度比在同碱度KOH溶液中降低了100mV左右,2)与K+对比,Li+的插入反应促进了α-Fe2O3到Fe3O4的转化.     

均匀球形α-Fe2O3胶体粒子的形成机理

The formation of uniform spherical hematite particles, obtained by hydrolysis of ferric chloride at elevated temperatures, follows the mechanism of phase transformation from β-FeOOH to α-Fe_2O_3 and recrystallization from tiny α-Fe_2O_3 particles to spherical colliodal α-Fe_2O_3 uniform particles. A new viewpoint on the formation of uniform colloidal particles is suggested, that is, if uniform particles are to be formed by the mechanism of phase transformation-aggregation recrystallizationt, the secondary aggregations of tiny particles must be avoided after the first burst of aggregates. The relationship between initial time of reaching critical supersaturation with the aging temperature, pH and concentration of ferric chloride can be described by a three-parameter logarithmic linear equation.     

超声辐射水解法制备α-Fe2O3纳米粒子

与普通大颗粒Fe2O3相比,纳米尺寸Fe2O3粉体因具有表面效应,小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应而具有奇特的物理和化学性能,从而在磁性、气敏、催化、染料、抗腐蚀等领域显示出广阔的应用前景,所以纳米Fe2O3的制备方法倍受关注[1-3]。尽管不少学者采用溶胶-凝胶法、电化学合成法、微波辐射法、燃烧合成法、水热法等[4-8]方法成功合成出了高质量的Fe2O3纳米粉体,然而探索如何获得尺寸可控、高纯度、高分散和稳定均一的Fe2O3纳米粉体仍然是材料科学领域的目标之一。近年来,超声波应用于纳米材料的合成领域己取得了可喜的进展,并引起了材料科学…     

Characterization of synthetic hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using a multi-technique approach

The aim of this work was to investigate the surface structure of aqueous hematite dispersions characterized by a large variability of morphology and particle size combining structural investigations obtained from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques with in vitro particle size distributions and zeta potential measurements from Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique, and we achieved a self-consistent and detailed characterization of hematite particles whose sizes and morphologies could be correlated to the synthesis conditions (type of added anion, Al substitution and pH). Surface AFM characterization provided an accurate analysis of particle microstructure and also indicated that the growth of microcrystals followed different surface roughness. DLS, AFM, and TEM techniques furnished complementary information on the average particle dimensions, whose variation could be attributed to the morphological difference of hematites, ranging from platy to regular or irregular hexagonal or ellipsoidal shape. Finally, a correlation between the average particle dimensions and the measured zeta potential was also been found in aqueous dilute suspensions characterized by neither pH nor-ionic-strength-control, for which a drop of zeta potential from positive to negative values was detected for hematite particle dimensions larger than a threshold size of ~150 nm.     

Pd掺杂的纳米晶α-Fe2O3基CO敏感元件

气敏元件;Pd掺杂的纳米晶α-Fe2O3基CO敏感元件     

α-Fe2O3纳米晶薄膜厚度对光电流的影响

研究了不同α-Fe2O3纳米晶薄膜厚度及不同光照方向时α-Fe2O3／ITO电极在KCl溶液中的光电化学行为,发现当膜的厚度增加时,光电流响应减弱。当膜的厚度较薄（50μm）时,正、反两面光照对光电流的响应几乎不会产生影响,而当膜较厚（100μm）时,反面光照的光电流响应更强。     

Pd掺杂的纳米晶α-Fe2O3基CO敏感元件

采用共沉淀法制备了掺杂Pd和其它元素的纳米晶α-Fe2O3粉体,并制作了厚膜型CO敏感元件,用XRD、TEM和比表面积测定技术对合成的粉体进行了表征,考察了掺杂元素的各类和含量及焙烧温度对敏感元件的灵敏度的影响,结果表明,掺杂5％Sn^4＋和1％Pd^2 ,在450℃焙烧的α-Fe2O3对CO的气敏性最佳。     

α-Fe2O3空心球的简易合成及其储锂性能研究

利用葡萄糖作为模板,与Fe~(3+)溶液水热合成、高温煅烧后获得了空心球形的Fe_2O_3。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及物理吸附仪对其进行物相结构、形貌及多孔性分析。锂离子电池电化学性能测试结果表明,与立方型α-Fe_2O_3相比,空心球状的α-Fe_2O_3负极材料表现出更加优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。在200 mA g~(-1)电流密度下首次放电比容量为1295 mAh g~(-1),首次库伦效率为81%。在500 mA g~(-1)电流密度下,空心球状α-Fe_2O_3电极首圈比容量高达1249 mAh g~(-1),首次库伦效率达到73%;循环500圈后,容量保持率为84%,库伦效率达98%以上。在1 A g~(-1)、2A g~(-1)大倍率电流密度下,放电比容量分别为1048 mAh g~(-1)、992 mAh g~(-1),容量保持率分别达到90%与85%。因此,空心结构α-Fe_2O_3负极材料不仅可以有效抑制充放电过程中电极的体积膨胀,还可以缩短锂离子的传输路径,提高电极材料的电化学性能。     

Size-dependence of the heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of hematite (α-Fe2O3)

The heat capacity of a 13 nm hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) sample was measured from T = (1.5 to 350) K using a combination of semi-adiabatic and adiabatic calorimetry. The heat capacity was higher than that of the bulk which can be attributed to the presence of water on the surface of the nanoparticles. No anomaly was observed in the heat capacity due to the Morin transition and theoretical fits of the heat capacity below T = 15 K show a small T³ dependence (due to lattice contributions) with no T^3/2 dependence. This suggests that there are no magnetic spin-wave contributions to the heat capacity of 13 nm hematite. The use of a large linear term to fit the heat capacity below T = 15 K is most likely due to superparamagnetic contributions. A small anomaly within the temperature range (4 to 8) K was attributed to the presence of uncompensated surface spins.     

α-Fe2O3纳米微粒的制备及其M(o)ssbauer谱研究

通过高能球磨的研磨,直接由普通α-Fe2O3粗颗粒制得了粒径约为10nm的α-Fe2O3纳米微粒.发现所得纳米微粒的室温M?ssbauer谱为不对称向内加宽的磁分裂六线峰.分析表明,不对称向内加宽现象主要由集体磁激发效应所引起.球磨所得α-Fe2O3纳米晶具有很高的各向异性常数值(K=8.9×103J·m-3).     

Amphiphile disruption of pathogen attachment at the hematite (α-Fe2O3)-water interface

Prior studies have indicated that the subsurface transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts is diminished in sediments containing iron oxides and that inner-sphere complexation of oocyst surficial carboxylate plays a role in the retardation. However, the impacts of natural organic matter (NOM) remain poorly understood. In this study, we used a model anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as a surrogate for amphiphilic NOM components to examine the impacts of amphiphilic components on oocyst adhesion mechanisms. We employed in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the effects of SDS on the molecular bonds that mediate interactions between oocyst surficial biomolecules and hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) surface functional groups over a wide range of solution pH. The results show that the presence of SDS significantly diminishes Fe-carboxylate complexation, as indicated by progressive decreases in intensity of asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of carboxylate [ν(as)(COO(-)) and ν(s)(COO(-))] with reaction time. In addition, one of the ν(s)(COO(-)) bands shifted from 1370 to 1418 cm(-1) upon SDS introduction, suggesting that SDS also changed the complexation mode. The data indicate that competition from the sulfonate groups (OSO(3)(-)) of SDS at α-Fe(2)O(3) surface sites is a primary mechanism resulting in decreased Fe-carboxylate complexation. Sorptive competition from amphiphilic NOM components may therefore increase the mobility of C. parvum oocysts in the environment through disruption of interfacial pathogen-mineral surface bonds.