用尺规作图不可能三等分任意角

三等分任意角问题 ,连同立方倍积问题和变圆为方问题 ,是古希腊巧辩学派的学者们于公元前 5世纪提出并研究了的几何学三大问题 .2 0 0 0多年来 ,历代数学家为了解决这三个问题 ,耗费了许多心血 ,但都遭到失败 .其实这三个问题 ,于 19世纪就被严格证明为不可能用直尺、圆规 ,经有限次的作图步骤来解决的问题 .自 16 37年笛卡尔 (ＲｅｎｅＤｅｓｃａｒｔｅｓ,15 96 - 16 5 0 )创立了解析几何学之后 ,尺规作图的可能性就有了判定准则 .1837年万泽尔 (Ｐｉｅｒｒｅｈａｎ ｒｅｎｔＷａｎｔｚｅｌ,1814- 184 8)首先证明了“立方倍积”和“三等分…     

追本溯“圆”——探究“定弦定角”

尺规作图和“定弦定角”问题是近几年一些地区的中考热点题型,对于这样的问题,学生往往想不到用圆来解决,因此必须追本溯“圆”.基于此,本文还原了此次省级公开课的真实情境,本节课从特殊到一般,利用尺规作图探究“定弦定角”,运用数学的思维方式思考,增强发现问题和提出问题的能力、分析和解决问题的能力,提高学生的数学素养.     

圆锥曲线准线的尺规作图法

圆锥曲线 (椭圆、双曲线、抛物线 )的一个共同特性是 ,曲线上任意一点到焦点的距离和到相应准线的距离的比等于其离心率 .那么当给定了圆锥曲线的图形 (包括焦点的位置 )后 ,怎样画出该曲线的准线 ?这是教学中经常遇到的问题 .下面介绍一种利用直尺和圆规 (简称尺规 )画圆锥曲线准线的方法 .1　椭圆准线的尺规作图法例 1　试用直尺和圆规 ,作出图 1中椭圆的准线 ,图中点Ｆ、Ｆ′为椭圆的两个焦点 .图 1　椭圆图 2　椭圆及其准线作法　 (1 )连结ＦＦ′,作线段ＦＦ′的中点Ｏ .(2 )作射线ＯＦ交椭圆于点Ａ ,作射线ＯＦ′交椭圆于点Ａ′.(3 )过…     

从三等分角谈起

在中学的数学教科书中,明确地写出了:用直尺和圆规将任意角三等分是不可能的.我们这篇文章的目的,是解释这句话的确切含义,并且给出一个例子来说明.即我们严格证明60度角是不可能三等分的.当然文章还包含了另外一些有兴趣的内容.     

明理得法 水到渠成——以“作一个角的平分线”为例浅析初中尺规作图教学

一、引言尺规作图,指用没有刻度的直尺和圆规作图.与用刻度尺、量角器等工具作图相比,尺规作图显得更加客观、精准.观察尺规作图所得几何图形,我们可以将一些结论由特殊引向一般,并归纳出几何的一般性结论.在初     

评一本《大辞典》的“代表作品选”中的三篇文章

最近,笔者有机会看到了海南出版社１９９９年１０月出版发行的《中国当代数学家与数学英才大辞典》（第一卷,主编陈历功．以下简称《大辞典》）,特别对“辞典”中７７９页至１００９页选登的部分所谓“曾被某些刊物发表,或其正确性被某些专家、教授、学者和有关部门有所认可,但本典对此都不加定论”的作品读过后,笔者认为其中一些作品存在着严重错误,笔者在此选取三篇加以评论． 首先要谈的是《大辞典》中７９３页至７９５页的名为《证明哥德巴赫猜想》（作者：马健中）一文,这篇文章的思路大致如下： １．提出任何大于４的偶数可化…     

移植视角 寻找联结 建构模型 发现本质——以三角形解的个数问题为例

对三角形的研究路径进行思考,结合一道课本习题提出了确定三角形多解的取舍问题,从尺规作图和深度运算两个视角寻找联系,分析了三角形从定性到定量、再从定量到定性的研究方法,解决了三角形多解的根源问题,建构解三角形模型.     

“任意等分线段”的新方法

数学课上,赵老师给我们布置了这样一道题:如图1,已知在平行四边形ABCD中,E、F分别是AB、AD边上的点,AD=mAF,AB=nAE,FE与AC交于点G,试探索AG与AC的关系.题目中有平行线,但没有相似三角形.为了利用相似三角形的性质,我想到了延长FE交CB延长线于点H.     

HPM视角下“三等分角”习题课教学与思考

一、数学史话将数学史与数学融合在一起共同促进学生的发展是HPM(Historyand Pedagogyof Mathematics)研究的一个主要涵义.我们知道,三等分角是古希腊三大几何问题之一.即在尺规作图(即用没有刻度的直尺和圆规作图)的前提下,无法将一个给定的角三等分.若将条件放宽,却可以引发三等分的作法.比如历史上关于"三等分角"的故事的版本很多,其中有一段是与阿基米德有关.这里简要概述这段故事.     

Analysis and control of an SEIR epidemic system with nonlinear transmission rate

In this paper, the dynamical behaviors of an SEIR epidemic system governed by differential and algebraic equations with seasonal forcing in transmission rate are studied. The cases of only one varying parameter, two varying parameters and three varying parameters are considered to analyze the dynamical behaviors of the system. For the case of one varying parameter, the periodic, chaotic and hyperchaotic dynamical behaviors are investigated via the bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectrum diagram and Poincare section. For the cases of two and three varying parameters, a Lyapunov diagram is applied. A tracking controller is designed to eliminate the hyperchaotic dynamical behavior of the system, such that the disease gradually disappears. In particular, the stability and bifurcation of the system for the case which is the degree of seasonality β₁=0 are considered. Then taking isolation control, the aim of elimination of the disease can be reached. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the validity of the proposed results.     

Automorphisms of a chain ring

Let A be a chain ring that is a faithful algebra over a commutative chain ring R, such that is a separable, normal, algebraic field extension of and is countably generated over . It has been recently proved by Alkhamees and Singh that A has a coefficient ring R ₀, and there exists a pair (θ, σ) with θ ∈ A, σ an R-automorphism of R ₀ such that J (A) = θ A = Aθ, and θa = σ (a) θ, a ∈ R ₀. The question of the extension of certain R-automorphisms of R ₀ to R-automorphisms of A is investigated. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) Primary 16H05, 16W20, secondary 13F20, 13J15     

An Analysis of the Decay of Saint-Venant End Effects in a Transversely Isotropic Matrix with an Isotropic Covering

A calculation model is proposed for a numerical analysis of the decay of Saint-Venant end effects in a laminate material of irregular structure to which corresponds a transversely isotropic matrix with an isotropic covering. The elastic properties of the matrix correspond to those of a unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced plastic. The problem is investigated within the framework of the concept of a representative element of the material. The decay of the end effect in the direction perpendicular to the isotropy plane of a transversely isotropic matrix for the case of symmetric deformation of the material is considered. The source of the end effect is simulated by a piecewise-constant periodic surface load. This load is local for the calculated region and changes within a part of the boundary comparable with the typical size of the structural heterogeneity of the material. The equations of the linear elasticity theory of orthotropic bodies, a model of piecewise-homogeneous media, and quantitative criteria of decay of the end effect are used. Starting from the base system of equations, a discrete problem is constructed and solved. The results of a computing experiment for the choice of a representative element and the results of determining the maximum extent of the end-effect zone for this element are presented.