Identification (GC and GC-MS) of unsaturated acetates in Elasmopalpus lignosellus and their biological activity (GC-EAD and EAG)

Two insect colonies of Elasmopalpus lignosellus were reared in our laboratory, the first being initiated from pupae obtained from a cornfield in the region of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais and the second from a cornfield in the region of Goiania, Goiás. From the two colonies, two extracts were prepared from the pheromone glands of virgin E. lignosellus females. The extract obtained from the first colony was designated as extract 1 while the extract obtained from the second colony was designated as extract 2. Extract 1 was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate [(Z)-9-HDA] and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate [(Z)-11-HDA] being identified and confirmed by the formation of DMDS derivatives. In addition, a third acetate, which could be either (E)-8-hexadecenyl acetate [(E)-8-HDA] or (E)-9-hexadecenyl acetate [(E)-9-HDA] was detected by GC-MS. Extract 2 was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-electroannetography (GC-EAD) revealing the presence of (Z)-11-HDA and (Z)-9-TDA. In addition, the same compounds elicited a response with the E. lignosellus male antenna obtained from the second insect colony. Electroantennography (EAG) screening with the male E. lignosellus antenna (obtained from the second insect colony) was conducted with the 23 possible tetradecenyl acetates (TDA) and 22 hexadecenyl acetates (HDA) as standards. Out of the 23 TDA isomers evaluated, only (Z)-9-TDA elicited a response and out of the 22 HDA [(Z) and (E) isomers gamma2 to delta13] evaluated only (Z)-11-HDA elicited a response. The acetate compositions of two extracts obtained from insects originating from the two states (Minas Gerais and Goiás) of Brazil were different from one another as well as from that obtained from insects in Tifton, GA, USA. The bioactivity data (GC-EAD) of the extract 2 differed from those reported for the Tifton, GA, USA population. These data suggest polymorphism in relation to the insect populations found in Brazil and in the USA. The possibility of the existence of an E. lignosellus sub-species cannot be ruled out.     

Encapsulation and/or release behavior of bovine serum albumin within and from polylactide-grafted dextran microspheres

Polylactide (PLA)-grafted dextran (Dex-graft-PLA) of various contents of sugar units was synthesized by anionic polymerization of L-lactide (L-LA) using the alkoxide of partially trimethylsilylated dextran (TMSDex) and subsequently removing the trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups. The copolymer showed different solubility from L-LA homopolymer with increasing the content of sugar units. We prepared bovine serum albumin (BSA)-loaded microspheres (MS)s according to a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion-solvent evaporation/extraction method using methylene chloride/DMSO as an organic cosolvent. MSs prepared from Dex-graft-PLA [MS(Dex-graft-PLA)s] exhibited higher loading efficiency of BSA than MSs prepared from PLLA [MS(PLLA)s]. The in vitro release rate of BSA from MS(Dex-graft-PLA) was faster than that from MS(PLLA). BSA released from MS(Dex-graft-PLA) maintained the secondary structure of native BSA to a great extent, compared with BSA released from MS(PLLA).     

Enzymatic preparation of ginsenosides Rg2, Rh1, and F1

During investigation of the hydrolysis of a protopanaxatriol-type saponin mixture by various glycoside hydrolases, crude preparations of beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae and lactase from Penicillium sp. were found to produce two minor saponins, ginsenoside Rg(2) [6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxatriol] and ginsenoside Rh(1) (6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol), respectively, in high yields. Moreover, a naringinase preparation from Penicillium decumbens readily gave an intestinal bacterial metabolite, ginsenoside F(1) (20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol), as the main product, with a small amount of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol from a protopanaxatriol-type saponin mixture. Also, a hesperidinase from Penicillium sp. selectively hydrolyzed ginsenoside Re into ginsenoside Rg(1). This is the first report on the enzymatic preparation of minor saponins, ginsenosides Rg(2) and Rh(1), and of an intestinal bacterial metabolite, ginsenoside F(1), with high efficiency from a protopanaxatriol-type saponin mixture.     

Hydrazine bisalane is a potential compound for chemical hydrogen storage. A theoretical study

Electronic structure calculations suggest that hydrazine bisalane (AlH(3)NH(2)NH(2)AlH(3), alhyzal) is a promising compound for chemical hydrogen storage (CHS). Calculations are carried out using the coupled-cluster theory CCSD(T) with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. Potential energy surfaces are constructed to probe the formation of, and hydrogen release from, hydrazine bisalane which is initially formed from the reaction of hydrazine with dialane. Molecular and electronic characteristics of both gauche and trans alhyzal are determined for the first time. The gauche hydrazine bisalane is formed from starting reactants hydrazine + dialane following a movement of an AlH(3) group from AlH(3)AlH(3)NH(2)NH(2) rather than by a direct attachment of a separate AlH(3) group, generated by predissociation of dialane, to AlH(3)NH(2)NH(2). The energy barriers for dehydrogenation processes from gauche and transalhyzal are in the range of 21-28 kcal mol(-1), which are substantially smaller than those of ca. 40 kcal mol(-1) previously determined for the isovalent hydrazine bisborane (bhyzb) system. H(2) release from hydrazine bisalane is thus more favored over that from hydrazine bisborane, making the Al derivative an alternative candidate for CHS.     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ambient air particulate matter using a cold fiber solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from ambient air particulate matter (PM) were analyzed by a new method that utilized direct immersion (DI) and cold fiber (CF) SPME-GC/MS. Experimental design was used to optimize the conditions of extraction by DI-CF-SPME with a 100μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. The optimal conditions included a 5min equilibration at 70°C time in an ultrasonic bath with an extraction time of 60min. The optimized method was validated by the analysis of a NIST standard reference material (SRM), 1649b urban dust. The results obtained were in good agreement with certified values. PAH recoveries for reference materials were between 88 and 98%, with a relative standard deviation ranging from 5 to 17%. Detection limits (LOD) varied from 0.02 to 1.16ng and the quantification limits (LOQ) varied from 0.05 to 3.86ng. The optimized and validated method was applied to the determination of PAH from real particulate matter (PM10) and total suspended particulate (TPS) samples collected on quartz fiber filters with high volume samplers.     

Origin of Aldehydes in Sediments of Qinghai Lake

This paper has analysed the aldehyde fractions in sediments and living organisms of Qinghai Lake using GC-MS and discussed their origin, n-Aldehydes detected in the sediments ranged from C_(16) to C_(32) with a maximum at C_(22) C_(24) or C_(26) and showed a strong even over odd predominance. n-Aldehydes in the living organisms analysed ranged from C_(16) to C_(32) with a maximum at C_(26) or C_(28). The authors believed that aldehydes in modern sediments may directly derive from biosynthesis.     

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography method for measuring the composition of aquatic humic substances

A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method was developed to measure the composition of humic substances from river, reservoir, and treated wastewater based on their physicochemical properties. The current method fractionates the humic substances into four well-defined groups based on parallel analyses with a neutral and a cationic HILIC column, using mobile phases of varied compositions and pH. The results indicate that: (i) the proportion of carboxylic acids in the humic substances from terrestrial origins is less than half of that from treated wastewater (Jeddah, KSA), (ii) a higher content of basic compounds was observed in the humic substances from treated wastewater and Ribou Reservoir (Cholet, France) than in the sample from Loire River (France), (iii) a higher percentage of hydrophobic macromolecules were found in the humic substances from Loire River than in the other samples, and (iv) humic substances of treated wastewater contained less ionic neutral compounds (i.e., pK_a 5–9) than the waters from terrestrial origins. The physicochemical property disparity amongst the compounds in each humic substances sample was also evaluated. The humic substances from the lightly humic Loire river displayed the highest disparity, whereas the highly humic Suwannee river (Georgia, USA) showed the most homogeneous humic substances.     

Bond and site selectivity in dissociative electron attachment to gas phase and condensed phase ethanol and trifluoroethanol

The formation of negative ions following electron impact to ethanol (CH(3)CH(2)OH) and trifluoroethanol (CF(3)CH(2)OH) is studied in the gas phase by means of a crossed electron-molecular beam experiment and in the condensed phase via Electron Stimulated Desorption (ESD) of fragment ions from the corresponding molecular films under UHV conditions. Gas phase ethanol exhibits two pronounced resonances, located at 5.5 eV and 8.2 eV, associated with a remarkable selectivity in the decomposition of the precursor ion. While the low energy resonance exclusively decomposes into O(-), that at higher energy generates OH(-) and a comparatively small signal of [CH(3)CH(2)O](-) due to the loss of a neutral hydrogen. CF(3)CH(2)OH shows a completely different behaviour, as now an intense feature at 1.7 eV appears associated with the loss of a neutral hydrogen atom exclusively occurring at the O site. The H(-) formation from the gas phase compounds is below the detection limit of the present experiment, while in ESD from 3 MonoLayer (ML) films of CH(3)CH(2)OH and CF(3)CH(2)OH the most intense fragment is H(-), appearing from a broad resonant feature between 7 and 12 eV. With CF(3)CH(2)OH, by using the isotopically-labelled analogues CF(3)CD(2)OH and CF(3)CH(2)OD it can be shown that this feature consists of two resonances, one located at 8 eV leading to H(-)/D(-) loss from the O site and a second resonance located at 10 eV leading to the loss of H(-)/D(-) from the CH(2) site.     

Using delta15N and delta18O to evaluate the sources and pathways of NO3- in rainfall event discharge from drained agricultural grassland lysimeters at high temporal resolutions

The origin of NO(3) (-) yielded in drainage from agricultural grasslands is of environmental significance and has three potential sources; (i) soil organic mater (SOM), (ii) recent agricultural amendments, and (iii) atmospheric inputs. The variation in delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) and delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) was measured from the 'inter-flow' and 'drain-flow' of two 1 ha drained lysimeter plots, one of which had received an application of 21 m(3) of NH(4) (+)-N-rich agricultural slurry, during two rainfall events. Drainage started to occur 1 month after the application of slurry. The concentrations of NO(3) (-)-N from the two lysimeters were comparable; an initial flush of NO(3) (-)-N occurred at the onset of drainage from both lysimeters before levels quickly dropped to <1 mg NO(3) (-)-N L(-1). The isotopic signature of the delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) and delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) during the first two rainfall events showed a great deal of variation over short time-periods from both lysimeters. Isotopic variation of delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) during rainfall events ranged between -1.6 to +5.2 per thousand and +0.4 to +11.1 per thousand from the inter-flow and drain-flow, respectively. Variation in the delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) ranged from +2.0 to +7.8 per thousand and from +3.3 to +8.4 per thousand. No significant relationships between the delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) or delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) and flow rate were observed in most cases although delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) values indicated a positive relationship and delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) values a negative relationship with flow during event 2. Data from a bulked rainfall sample when compared with the theoretical delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) for soil microbial NO(3) (-) indicated that the contribution of rainfall NO(3) (-) accounted for 8% of the NO(3) (-) in the lysimeter drainage at most. The calculated contribution of rainfall NO(3) (-) was not enough to account for the depletion in delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) values observed during the duration of the rainfall event 2. The relationship between delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) and delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) from the drain-flow indicated that denitrification was causing enrichment in the isotopes from this pathway. The presence of slurry seemed to cause a relative depletion in delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) in the inter-flow and delta(15)N-NO(3) (-) in the drain-flow compared with the zero-slurry lysimeter. This may have been caused by increased microbial nitrification stimulated by the presence of increased NH(4) (+)-N.     

Application of extraction chromatography to the separation of thorium and uranium dissolved in a solution of high salt concentration

Extraction chromatography with commercially available UTEVA resin (for uranium and tetravalent actinide) was applied for the separation of Th and U from control solutions prepared from a multi-element control solution and from sample solutions of solidified simulated waste. Thorium and U in control solutions with 1-5mol/dm(3) HNO(3) were extracted with UTEVA resin and recovered with a solution containing 0.1mol/dm(3) HNO(3) and 0.05mol/dm(3) oxalic acid to be separated from the other metallic elements. Extraction behavior of U in the sample solutions was similar to that in the control solutions, but extraction of Th was dependent on the concentration of HNO(3). Thorium was extracted from 5mol/dm(3) HNO(3) sample solutions but not from 1mol/dm(3) HNO(3) sample solutions. We conjecture that thorium fluoride formation interferes with extraction of Th. Addition of Al(NO(3))(3) and Fe(NO(3))(3), which have higher stability constant with fluoride ion than Th, does improve extractability of Th from 1mol/dm(3) HNO(3) sample solution.     

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl dithioacetates with pyridines in acetonitrile

Kinetic studies of the pyridinolysis (XC(5)H(4)N) of aryl dithioacetates (CH(3)C(=S)SC(6)H(4)Z) are carried out in acetonitrile at 60.0 degrees C. A biphasic Br?nsted plot is obtained with a change in slope from a large value (beta(X) congruent with 0.9) to a small value (beta(X) congruent with 0.4) at pK(a) degrees = 5.2, which is attributed to a change in the rate-limiting step from breakdown to formation of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate, T(+/-), in the reaction path as the basicity of the pyridine nucleophile increases. A clear-cut change in the cross-interaction constants rho(XZ) from a large positive value (rho(XZ) = +1.34) to a small negative value (rho(XZ) = -0.15) supports the mechanistic change proposed.     

Diastereoselective reactions at enantiomerically pure, sterically congested cyclohexanes as an entry to wailupemycins A and B: total synthesis of (+)-wailupemycin B

Wailupemycin A (1) and B (2) are polyketide natural products with a highly substituted cyclohexanone core. Three different routes for the syntheses of these compounds were pursued, which commenced from either (R)-(-)-carvone (ent-5) or (S)-(+)-carvone (5). In the first approach it was attempted to construct the skeleton of wailupemycin A from triol 19 (nine steps from ent-5; 19 % yield) by a sequence of diastereoselective epoxidation, nucleophilic ring opening at C-13 and carbonyl addition at C-5. The synthetic plan failed at the stage of the carbonyl addition to aldehyde 27, which had been obtained in seven steps (18 % yield) from triol 19. The second route included an epoxide ring opening at C-13 and a carbonyl addition at C-7 as key steps. It could have led to either wailupemycin A or B depending on the diastereoselectivity of the addition step. Starting from allylic alcohol 30 (six steps from ent-5; 59 % yield) the cyclohexanone 28 was obtained in five steps (54 % yield). Unfortunately, the carbonyl addition failed also in this instance. In the eventually successful third attempt the skeleton of wailupemycin B was built from cyclohexanone 43 (eight steps from 5; 53 % yield) by highly diastereoselective carbonyl addition reactions at C-7 and C-12. The phenyl group at C-14 was introduced at a late stage of the synthetic sequence. Careful protecting group manipulation finally allowed for the total synthesis of (+)-wailupemycin B. The absolute and relative configuration of the natural product was unambiguously confirmed. The total yield of wailupemycin B amounted to 6 % over 23 steps starting from (S)-(+)-carvone (5).     

Origin of Ketones in Sediments of Qinghai Lake

This paper analysed the ketone fractions in sediments and living organisms of Qinghai Lake using GC-MS and discussed their origin,n-Alkan-2-ones detected in the sediments ranged from C_(12) to C_(33) with a maximum at n-C_(25) or n-C_(29) and showed a strong odd predominance, n-Alkan-2-ones in the living organisms analysed ranged from C_(15) to C_(31) with a maximum at n-C_(27).The authors believed that ketones in modern sediments may directly derive from biosynthesis.     

Mechanistic information on the reductive elimination from cationic trimethylplatinum(IV) complexes to form carbon-carbon bonds

Cationic complexes of the type fac-[(L(2))Pt(IV)Me(3)(pyr-X)][OTf] (pyr-X = 4-substituted pyridines; L(2) = diphosphine, viz., dppe = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane and dppbz = o-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene; OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) undergo C-C reductive elimination reactions to form [L(2)Pt(II)Me(pyr-X)][OTf] and ethane. Detailed studies indicate that these reactions proceed by a two-step pathway, viz., initial reversible dissociation of the pyridine ligand from the cationic complex to generate a five-coordinate Pt(IV) intermediate, followed by irreversible concerted C-C bond formation. The reaction is inhibited by pyridine. The highly positive values for DeltaS()(obs) = +180 +/- 30 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaH(obs) = 160 +/- 10 kJ mol(-1), and DeltaV()(obs) = +16 +/- 1 cm(3) mol(-1) can be accounted for in terms of significant bond cleavage and/or partial reduction from Pt(IV) to Pt(II) in going from the ground to the transition state. These cationic complexes have provided the first opportunity to carry out detailed studies of C-C reductive elimination from cationic Pt(IV) complexes in a variety of solvents. The absence of a significant solvent effect for this reaction provides strong evidence that the C-C reductive coupling occurs from an unsaturated five-coordinate Pt(IV) intermediate rather than from a six-coordinate Pt(IV) solvento species.     

Electron spin resonance study on the vanadium adsorption by persimmon tannin gel

The persimmon tannin gel can adsorb vanadium highly effectively from aqueous solutions containing VOCl(2) and NH(4)VO(3), respectively. The adsorption of vanadium from the VOCl(2) solution had a broad maximum at around pH 5-6, while that from the NH(4)VO(3) solution, a sharp maximum at around pH 3.75 and a broad one at around pH 5-6. The adsorption of vanadium by the gel from both VOCl(2) and NH(4)VO(3) solutions was rapid, and was obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The ESR spectrum of VO(2+) in the persimmon tannin gel showed a typical powder pattern with g-anisotropy and anisotropic hyperfine structure (I=7/2), with g(//)=1.937, g( perpendicular)=2.005, mid R:A(//)mid R:=552 MHz, and mid R:A( perpendicular)mid R:=168 MHz, suggesting a square pyramidal coordination structure of VO(2+)-persimmon tannin complex. The ESR analysis of vanadium adsorption from the NH(4)VO(3) solution (pH 6) indicated the reduction of VO(3)(-) to VO(2+). The high vanadium-adsorption ability of the persimmon tannin gel from the VOCl(2) solution was attributed to the stable complex formation of VO(2+) with catechol and pyrogallol groups in the gel, while the vanadium adsorption from the NH(4)VO(3) solution can be explained as the combination of H(3)VO(4) and VO(2+) adsorptions.     

Effects of dung and urine amendments on the isotopic content of N(2)O released from grasslands

The temporal and diurnal changes in nitrous oxide (N(2)O) fluxes were measured between 29(th) September and 2(nd) November 1999 from urine and dung patches from cattle deposited on grazed grassland. The delta(15)N and delta(18)O values of the N(2)O emitted from soil from both treatments were examined on four occasions during this period. The diurnal fluxes of N(2)O were measured by a chamber technique that provides hourly measurement of N(2)O fluxes. The (15)N and (18)O analysis of N(2)O were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. N(2)O fluxes from the excreta patches were large, with peak emissions up to 1893 ng N m(-2) s(-1) occurring after heavy precipitation, measured one month after the treatment applications. Emissions from the urine patches were significantly greater than from the dung. The results showed that excretal patches are an important source of atmospheric N(2)O. The flux pattern showed a strong diurnal variation with maximum fluxes generally occurring in late afternoon or early morning, and generally not in phase with the soil temperature changes. The isotopic content of (15)N and (18)O in the N(2)O showed a similar trend to that of the N(2)O flux. The (15)N and (18)O values of the N(2)O emitted from the soil indicated that denitrification was the major process involved. After heavy precipitation on the 6(th) October, the larger delta(15)N and delta(18)O values suggested a consumption of the N(2)O by total denitrification.     

Evidence of CH2O (a3A2) and C2H4 (a3B1u) produced from photodissociation of 1,3-trimethylene oxide at 193 nm

We investigated the dissociative ionization of formaldehyde (CH(2)O) and ethene (C(2)H(4)) produced from photolysis of 1,3-trimethylene oxide at 193 nm using a molecular-beam apparatus and vacuum-ultraviolet radiation from an undulator for direct ionization. The CH(2)O (C(2)H(4)) product suffers from severe dissociative ionization to HCO(+) (C(2)H(3) (+) and C(2)H(2) (+)) even though photoionization energy is as small as 9.8 eV. Branching ratios of fragmentation of CH(2)O and C(2)H(4) following ionization are revealed as a function of kinetic energy of products using ionizing photons from 9.8 to 14.8 eV. Except several exceptions, branching ratios of daughter ions increase with increasing photon energy but decrease with increasing kinetic energy. The title reaction produces CH(2)O and C(2)H(4) mostly on electronic ground states but a few likely on triplet states; C(2)H(4) (a(3)B(1u)) seems to have a yield greater than CH(2)O (a(3)A(2)). The distinct features observed at small kinetic energies of daughter ions are attributed to dissociative ionization of photoproducts CH(2)O (a(3)A(2)) and C(2)H(4) (a(3)B(1u)). The observation of triplet products indicates that intersystem crossing occurs prior to fragmentation of 1,3-trimethylene oxide.     

Marked production of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and compound K by enzymatic method

The hydrolysis of protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture by various glycoside hydrolases was examined. Among these enzymes, crude preparations of lactase from Aspergillus oryzae, beta-galactosidase from A. oryzae, and cellulase from Trichoderma viride were found to produce ginsenoside F(2) [3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol], compound K [20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol], and ginsenoside Rd {3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, respectively, from protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture in large quantities. Moreover, the crude preparation of lactase from Penicillium sp. having a high producing activity of ginsenoside Rh(1) (6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol) from protopanaxatriol-type saponin mixture gave ginsenoside Rd as a main product, ginsenoside Rg(3) {3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, and compound K from protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture. The hydrolytic pathways of ginsenosides Rb(1), Rb(2), and Rc to ginsenosides Rd, Rg(3), and F(2), and compound K by crude preparations of four glycoside hydrolases were also studied. This is the first report on the enzymatic preparation of an intestinal bacterial metabolite, ginsenoside F(2), in quantity, and a considerable amount of a minor saponin, ginsenoside Rg(3), from a protopanaxadiol-type saponin mixture.     

Inferring gene regulatory networks from temporal expression profiles under time-delay and noise

Ordinary differential equations (ODE) have been widely used for modeling and analysis of dynamic gene networks in systems biology. In this paper, we propose an optimization method that can infer a gene regulatory network from time-series gene expression data. Specifically, the following four cases are considered: (1) reconstruction of a gene network from synthetic gene expression data with noise, (2) reconstruction of a gene network from synthetic gene expression data with time-delay, (3) reconstruction of a gene network from synthetic gene expression data with noise and time-delay, and (4) reconstruction of a gene network from experimental time-series data in budding yeast cell cycle.     

Ab initio direct dynamics studies on the reactions of chlorine atom with CH3-nFnCH2OH (n = 1-3)

The hydrogen abstraction reactions of Cl atom with a series of fluorinated alcohols, i.e., CH(3-n)F(n)CH(2)OH + Cl (n = 1-3) (R1-R3) have been studied systematically by ab initio direct dynamics method and the canonical variational transition state theory (CVT). The potential energy surface information is calculated at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level. Energies along the minimum energy paths are improved by a series of single-point calculations at the higher modified GAUSSIAN-2 (G2M) level of theory. Theoretical analysis shows that three kinds of hydrogen atoms can be abstracted from the reactants CH(2)FCH(2)OH and CHF(2)CH(2)OH, and for CF(3)CH(2)OH, two possible pathways are found. The rate constants for each reaction channel are evaluated by CVT with the small-curvature tunneling correction (SCT) over a wide range of temperature from 200 to 2000 K. The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental values for the reactions CHF(2)CH(2)OH + Cl and CF(3)CH(2)OH + Cl. However, for the reaction CH(2)FCH(2)OH + Cl, there is negative temperature dependence below 500 K, which is different from the experimental fitted. It is shown that in the low temperature ranges, the three reactions all proceed predominantly via H-abstraction from the methylene positions, and with the increase of the temperature the H-abstraction channels from the fluorinated-methyl positions should be taken into account, while the H-abstraction channels from the hydroxyl groups are negligible over the whole temperature ranges. Also, the reactivity decreases substantially with fluorine substitution at the methyl position of alcohol.