Comparison of the Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Various Extracts from Leaves and Twigs of Illicium verum

Previous studies have revealed the numerous biological activities of the fruits of Illicium verum; however, the activities of its leaves and twigs have remained undiscovered. The study aimed to investigate the phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of the various extracts from the leaves and twigs of Illicium verum. The herbal extracts were prepared by supercritical CO₂ extraction (SFE) and 95% ethanol extraction, followed by partition extraction based on solvent polarity. Analysis of antimicrobial activity was conducted through the usage of nine clinical antibiotic- resistant isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Among the tested samples, the SFE extracts exhibited broader and stronger antibacterial activities against the test strains, with a range of MIC between 0.1–4.0 mg/mL and MBC between 0.2–4.5 mg/mL. Observations made through scanning electron microscopy revealed potential mechanism of the antimicrobial activities involved disruption of membrane integrity of the test pathogens. Evaluation of the chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated the presence of anethole, anisyl aldehyde, anisyl acetone and anisyl alcohol within the SFE extracts, demonstrating significant correlations with the antibacterial activities observed. Therefore, the leaves and twigs of Illicium verum hold great potential in being developed as new natural antibacterial agents.     

Two new sesquiterpene lactones from the fruits of Illicium jiadifengpi

Two new seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenes, 3,4-dehydroneomajucin (1) and 1,2,3,4-tetradehydroneomajucin (2), were isolated from the fruits of Illicium jiadifengpi. The structure of these compounds was determined using 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-MS. The isolates were evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B virus activities on the Hep G2.2.15 cell line. The inhibitory rates of compounds 1 and 2 on the HBeAg and HBsAg expression were 30.08 ± 3.09% and 11.43 ± 1.92% at a concentrations of 68.00 μM and 7.88 ± 1.21% and 16.96 ± 4.24% at a concentration of 68.50 μM, respectively.     

上犹八角茴香挥发油化学成份的研究

八角茴香(Illicium verum Hook,f.)系木兰科(Magnoliaceae)八角属常绿乔木,是我国特产的芳香植物。主要分布于广西、广东、贵州、云南等省区。江西北纬26°以南地区从五十年代初开始引种。八角茴香的果实是广泛使用的调味香料,入药则有温中理气、健胃止呕的功效,并有很强的抑菌作用。     

Microwave extraction of essential oils from dried fruits of Illicium verum Hook. f. and Cuminum cyminum L. using ionic liquid as the microwave absorption medium

Ionic liquid was used as microwave absorption medium and applied to the extraction of essential oils from dried fruits of the Illicium verum Hook. f. and Cuminum cyminum L. by microwave‐assisted extraction. The extraction time is less than 15 min at the microwave power of 440 W. The constituents of essential oils obtained by the proposed method were compared with those obtained by hydrodistillation. There is no obvious difference in the constituents of essential oils obtained by the two methods.     

Sesquiterpenes from the fruits of Illicium Simonsii maxim

Abstract

A new allo-cedrane sesquiterpene glycoside (1) and nine known compounds (2–10) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit of Illicium simonii Maxim. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was confirmed by CD experiments. Among them, compounds 1, 4, 5, and 7 displayed moderate anti-inflammatory activities by use of an in vitro bioassay.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用快速分析八角茴香中风味物质

采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对八角茴香中风味物质进行了分析。选用自制聚丙烯酸树脂涂层,对样品量、萃取时间、萃取温度、解吸时间等参数进行了优化,结果表明0．10g样品在60℃水浴中顶空萃取40min,250℃下解吸2min达到最佳条件。比较了顶空固相微萃取与传统水蒸气蒸馏两种前处理方法,分析结果非常相似。该方法可用于快速分析八角茴香中的风味物质。     

Neolignan and phenylpropanoid compounds from the fruits of Illicium simonsii Maxim

One new sesqui-neolignan compound, namely, sesqui-illisimonan A (1), one new neolignan, illisimonan A (2), and one new phenylpropanoid compound, illisimoid A (3) were isolated from the fruits of Illicium simonsii Maxim. The structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic, including NMR, circular dichroism and calculated electronic circular dichroism methods. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1–3 were also evaluated. Vitamin E was selected as the positive control (IC₅₀ = 49.73 ± 0.88 μM). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 55.76 ± 1.30 and 59.36 ± 0.50 μM, respectively. However, the compound 3 didn’t show obvious antioxidant activity.     

Rapid analysis of the essential oils from dried Illicium verum Hook. f. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. by improved solvent-free microwave extraction with three types of microwave-absorption medium

A new method of extracting essential oils from dried plant materials has been studied. By adding a microwave-absorption medium (MAM) to a reactor, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was improved and can be used to extract essential oils from dried plant material without pretreatment. With a microwave irradiation power of 85 W it took only approximately 30 min to extract the essential oils completely. The whole extraction process is simple, rapid, and economical. Three types of MAM, iron carbonyl powder (ICP), graphite powder (GP), and activated carbon powder (ACP), and two types of dried plant material, Illicium verum Hook. f. and Zingiber officinale Rosc., were studied. The results were compared with those obtained by use of conventional SFME, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and conventional hydrodistillation (HD), and the conclusion drawn was that improved SFME was a feasible means of extracting essential oils from dried plant materials, because there were few differences between the composition of the essential oils extracted by improved SFME and by the other methods.     

八角的超临界CO2流体萃取产物化学成分的研究

采用ＧＣ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ技术对八角的超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取物的化学成分进行了研究，共鉴定出３４种化合物，它们的含量占出峰物质总量的９６２％。同时与八角的水蒸汽蒸馏产物的组成进行了比较。     

八角超临界CO_2流体萃取产物化学成分的研究

本文采用GC和GC－MS技术对八角的超临界CO_2流体萃取物的化学成分进行了研究，并鉴定出34种化合物，它们的含量占出峰物质总面积的96．2％。同时与八角水蒸汽蒸馏产物的组成进行了比较。     

固相微萃取法结合GC-MS分析八角茴香中挥发性化合物

采用均相聚合物涂层———自制聚丙烯酸树脂(PA)萃取头,顶空萃取八角茴香中挥发性有机物.对萃取温度、样品量、解吸时间等参数进行了优化,得到了最佳萃取条件.该方法快速、简便,重现性好.通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术定性分析,鉴定了53种成分.同时,与商品多相聚合物涂层CAR/PDMS、DVB/CAR/PDMS分析结果比较,显示自制均相聚丙烯酸树脂萃取头对八角中挥发性有机物的萃取更全面.     

A new caffeoylgluconic acid derivative from the nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

A new caffeoylgluconic acid derivative, trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-gluconic acid methyl ester (1), together with two known compounds named trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-glucono-γ-lactone (2) and trans-caffeoyl-6-O-d-gluconic acid (3), was isolated from the nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.. These compounds were isolated by various separation methods associated with the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods.     

A new aromatic glucoside from stem bark of Illicium difengpi K.I.B. et K.I.M.

A new aromatic glucoside, namely 4-methoxyphenyl-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with six known aromatic glucosides (2–7) were isolated from the stem bark of Illicium difengpi. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic methods. The isolated aromatic glucosides were tested for anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 1, 3 and 6 showed significant inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide.     

Six Novel Eudesmane‐Like Sesquiterpenes from Illicium spathulatum

The four diastereoisomeric gorgonane sesquiterpenes 1 – 4 and the two diastereoisomeric forfugane sesquiterpenes 6 and 7 , which all have the same molecular formula C₁₅H₂₈O₃ and belong to the same eudesmane‐like sesquiterpenes, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Illicium spathulatum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.     

八角科植物中微量元素的测定与研究

用等离子体发射光谱仪测定了十二种八角科植物果皮及三种树皮中的元素含量，并对微量元素的含量进行了比较，及对入角科植物所含微量元素进行较系统的研究。     

Two Novel Abietane Diterpenoids from Illicium wardii A.C.Sm.

Two novel abietane diterpenoids, wardinols A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), together with five known diterpenoids, 3 – 7 , were isolated from the fruits of Illicium wardii A.C.Sm . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of intensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Wardinol A ( 1 ) is a rare 9,10‐epoxy‐9,10‐secoabietane diterpenoid. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three human tumor cell lines, A549, HCT116, and CCRF‐CEM.     

Sesquiterpenes and Monoterpenes from the Leaves and Stems of Illicium simonsii and Their Antibacterial Activity

Two undescribed ether derivatives of sesquiterpenes, 1-ethoxycaryolane-1, 9β-diol (1) and 2-ethoxyclovane-2β, 9α-diol (3), and one new monoterpene glycoside, p-menthane-1α,2α,8-triol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (5), were obtained, together with eight known compounds from the stems and leaves of I. simonsii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1–11 were evaluated for their potency against Staphylococcus aureus and clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Among them, compound 3 was weakly active against S. aureus (MIC = 128 μg/mL), and compounds 6 and 7 exhibited good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA (MICs = 2–8 µg/mL). A primary mechanism study revealed that compounds 6 and 7 could kill bacteria by destroying bacterial cell membranes. Moreover, compounds 6 and 7 were not susceptible to drug resistance development.     

A new anthraquinone from Galium verum L

A new anthraquinone (4) and three known anthraquinones (1-3) were isolated from Galium verum L. Their structures were identified as 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (1), physcion (2), 2-hydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (3), 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone (4) by means of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Compound 2 was isolated from the genus Galium for the first time. In addition, compound 4 was assayed for antimicrobial activity in vitro.     

Phytochemical constituents of the pericarps of Illicium difengpi and their anti-inflammatory activity

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation on the pericarps of Illicium difengpi lead to the isolation and structure elucidation of a new sesquiterpene, sesquicaranoic acid C (1), a new neolignan, difengpiol C (2), and 10 known compounds. The structures and absolute configurations of two new compounds were determined by a combination of NMR and CD spectroscopic analyses. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells.     

Phytoquinoids and Secoprezizaane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Illicium arborescens

A phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Illicium arborescens yielded the two new phytoquinoid epimers, 2,3‐didehydro‐5‐O‐methyl‐11‐epiillifunone E ( 1 ) and 2,3‐didehydro‐5‐O‐methylillifunone E ( 2 ), as well as five new sesquiterpene lactones (8,9‐secoprezizaane‐type sesquiterpenes). Two of them, i.e., 3 and 4 , were minwanensin‐type sesquiterpenes, the other two, i.e., 5 and 6 , had the anisatin‐type (or floridanolide type) skeleton, and the fifth, i.e., 7 , was a dunnianin‐type sesquiterpene. Their structures were established by analyses of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, HR‐MS, and chemical evidence. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of compounds 1 – 7 was tested against four human tumor cell lines, including HeLa (cervical epitheloid), WiDr (colon), Daoy (medulloblastoma), and Hep2 (liver carcinoma) human‐tumor cells.