自修复高分子材料近五年的研究进展

自修复材料的概念源于对生物体自愈合现象的仿生研究,该类材料在受到损伤时可进行自修复并恢复一定程度的力学等性能。对高分子材料而言,其受机械力损伤后一般发生大分子链均裂或异裂而使材料产生微裂纹,此类微裂纹很难探测,而微裂纹的产生往往会引起高分子材料失效,因此快速修复微裂纹对诸多工程领域的高分子材料来讲尤为重要。本文从外源型及本征型自修复高分子材料两个方面,综述了近五年自修复高分子材料的研究进展,并对其今后发展进行了展望。     

Crack Damage in Polymers and Composites: A Review

Polymer-based materials are extensively used in various applications such as aircrafts, civilian structures, oil and gas platforms and electronics. They are, however, inherently damage prone and over time, the formation of cracks and microscopic damages influences the thermo-mechanical and electrical properties, which eventually results in the total failure of the materials. This paper provides an overview of the principal causes of cracking in polymer and composites and summarizes the recent progress in the development of non-destructive techniques in crack detection. Furthermore, recent progress in the development of bio-inspired self-healing methods in autonomic repair is discussed.     

The Development of Vanadyl Phosphate Cathode Materials for Energy Storage Systems: A Review

Various cathode materials have been proposed for high-performance rechargeable batteries. Vanadyl phosphate is an important member of the polyanion cathode family. VOPO₄ has seven known crystal polymorphs with tunneled or layered frameworks, which allow facile cation (de)intercalations. Two-electron transfer per formula unit can be realized by using V^V/V^IV and V^IV/V^III redox couples. The electrochemical performance is closely related to the structures of VOPO₄ and the types of inserted cations. This Review outlines the crystal structures of VOPO₄ polymorphs and their lithiated phases. The research progress of vanadyl phosphate cathode materials for different energy storage systems, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, multivalent batteries, and supercapacitors, as well as the related mechanism investigations are summarized. It is hoped that this Review will help with future directions of using vanadyl phosphate materials for energy storage.     

The Use of Chelating Solid Phase Materials in Flow Injection Systems: A Review

Flow injection analyses facilitate faster, inexpensive, and more environmentally friendly sample-preparation techniques than many traditional “wet chemistry” methods, and the use of flow injection has, therefore, expanded significantly in recent years. This review focuses on chelating solid phase materials, which have been used in flow injection analyses and also describes important information, such as type of chelating groups, the type of stationary phases, and their efficiency at pre-concentrating metal ions. Discussions of the improvement of the sensitivity and of improving limit of detection, as well as the efficiency with which concomitant ions are removed for the flow injection methods using chelating solid phase materials, are also made.     

Advances in Fibrin-Based Materials in Wound Repair: A Review

The first bioprocess that occurs in response to wounding is the deterrence of local hemorrhage. This is accomplished by platelet aggregation and initiation of the hemostasis cascade. The resulting blood clot immediately enables the cessation of bleeding and then functions as a provisional matrix for wound healing, which begins a few days after injury. Here, fibrinogen and fibrin fibers are the key players, because they literally serve as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and promote the migration of cells, as well as the ingrowth of tissues. Fibrin is also an important modulator of healing and a host defense system against microbes that effectively maintains incoming leukocytes and acts as reservoir for growth factors. This review presents recent advances in the understanding and applications of fibrin and fibrin-fiber-incorporated biomedical materials applied to wound healing and subsequent tissue repair. It also discusses how fibrin-based materials function through several wound healing stages including physical barrier formation, the entrapment of bacteria, drug and cell delivery, and eventual degradation. Pure fibrin is not mechanically strong and stable enough to act as a singular wound repair material. To alleviate this problem, this paper will demonstrate recent advances in the modification of fibrin with next-generation materials exhibiting enhanced stability and medical efficacy, along with a detailed look at the mechanical properties of fibrin and fibrin-laden materials. Specifically, fibrin-based nanocomposites and their role in wound repair, sustained drug release, cell delivery to wound sites, skin reconstruction, and biomedical applications of drug-loaded fibrin-based materials will be demonstrated and discussed.     

镁基复合储氢材料

镁基储氢材料以其低成本，高能量密度，引起人们的广泛关注，本文简要介绍了镁基复合储氢材料的最新进展。     

Organic Positive Materials for Magnesium Batteries: A Review

Magnesium batteries, like lithium-ion batteries, with higher abundance and similar efficiency, have drawn great interest for large-scale applications such as electric vehicles, grid energy storage and many more. On the other hand, the use of organic electrode materials allows high energy-performance, metal-free, environmentally friendly, versatile, lightweight, and economically efficient magnesium storage devices. In particular, the structural diversity and the simple activity of organic molecules make redox properties, and hence battery efficiency, easy to monitor. While organic magnesium batteries still in their infancy, this field becomes more and more promising because significant results were reported. To summarize the achievements in studies on organic cathodes for magnesium systems, their synthesis is discussed, combined with electrode design to provide the basis for controlling the electrochemical properties. Moreover, the techniques to synthesize organic materials with high-yield are mentioned. Finally, potential problems and prospects are explored to further improve organic cathodes.     

Weak Polyelectrolytes as Nanoarchitectonic Design Tools for Functional Materials: A Review of Recent Achievements

The ionization degree, charge density, and conformation of weak polyelectrolytes can be adjusted through adjusting the pH and ionic strength stimuli. Such polymers thus offer a range of reversible interactions, including electrostatic complexation, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, which position weak polyelectrolytes as key nano-units for the design of dynamic systems with precise structures, compositions, and responses to stimuli. The purpose of this review article is to discuss recent examples of nanoarchitectonic systems and applications that use weak polyelectrolytes as smart components. Surface platforms (electrodeposited films, brushes), multilayers (coatings and capsules), processed polyelectrolyte complexes (gels and membranes), and pharmaceutical vectors from both synthetic or natural-type weak polyelectrolytes are discussed. Finally, the increasing significance of block copolymers with weak polyion blocks is discussed with respect to the design of nanovectors by micellization and film/membrane nanopatterning via phase separation.     

Applications of Carbon-Based Materials in Activated Peroxymonosulfate for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review

In recent years, water pollution has posed a serious threat to aquatic organisms and humans. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) show high oxidation, good selectivity, wide pH range and no secondary pollution in the removal of organic pollutants in water. Carbon-based materials are emerging green catalysts that can effectively activate persulfates to generate radical and non-radical active species to degrade organic pollutants. Compared with transition metal catalysts, carbon-based materials are widely used in SR-AOPs because of their low cost, non-toxicity, acid and alkali resistance, large specific surface area, and scalable surface charge, which can be used for selective control of specific water pollutants. This paper mainly presents several carbon-based materials used to activate PMS, including raw carbon materials and modified carbon materials (heteroatom-doped and metal-doped), analyzes and summarizes the mechanism of activating PMS by carbon-based catalysts, and discusses the influencing factors (temperature, pH, PMS concentration, catalyst concentration, inorganic anions, inorganic cations and dissolved oxygen) in the activation process. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of carbon-based materials in water pollution control are also presented.     

Stacking of Exfoliated Two‐Dimensional Materials: A Review

In recent years, two‐dimensional (2D) atomic crystals represented by graphene have opened up new fields of 2D physics. Layered materials with atomic layer thickness are self‐assembled into van der Waals heterostructures by weak van der Waals forces without considering lattice matching. Van der Waals heterostructures can not only enhance the performance of its constituent materials but also show new characteristics. High‐quality heterostructures require mechanically cleaved intrinsic 2D materials and flexible 2D material stacking techniques. Here, we summarize in detail the reliable exfoliation methods for large‐area single‐layer 2D materials and the dry and wet stacking techniques with high success rates. The twisted bilayer graphene is used as an example to briefly introduce the single‐crystal tearing method, which is currently the most practical method for preparing isotropic twisted heterostructures with high‐precision rotation angles. We hope to provide a valuable reference for researchers of 2D materials.     

A Review of Multiple Scale Fibrous and Composite Systems for Heating Applications

Different types of heating systems have been developed lately, representing a growing interest in both the academic and industrial sectors. Based on the Joule effect, fibrous structures can produce heat once an electrical current is passed, whereby different approaches have been followed. For that purpose, materials with electrical and thermal conductivity have been explored, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, intrinsically conducting polymers, fibers or hybrids. We review the usage of these emerging nanomaterials at the nanoscale and processed up to the macroscale to create heaters. In addition to fibrous systems, the creation of composite systems for electrical and thermal conductivity enhancement has also been highly studied. Different techniques can be used to create thin film heaters or heating textiles, as opposed to the conventional textile technologies. The combination of nanoscale and microscale materials gives the best heating performances, and some applications have already been proven, even though some effort is still needed to reach the industry level.     

Recent Developments in Electrodeposition of Transition Metal Chalcogenides-Based Electrode Materials for Advance Supercapacitor Applications: A Review

High-performance supercapacitive electrode materials have received significant attention from researchers worldwide, thus aiming for comparable performance similar to the extensively used rechargeable batteries. For emerging energy storage technologies like flexible supercapacitors, transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have been in the spotlight due to their promising electrochemical features compared to other electrode materials. Among the synthesis techniques, electrodeposition-mediated preparation of thin films of TMCs offered an affordable binder-free approach for electrode fabrication that effectively improved the supercapacitor performance. Hence, this review mainly focussed on the electrodeposition-based syntheses of single/ multinary chalcogenides and their composites for supercapacitors applications. Further, the effects of different deposition parameters were discussed for boosting the supercapacitor performance. Finally, this review outlined the existing challenges and future perspectives in this research domain, which will assist the upcoming exploration in the energy storage field.     

Progress of Microencapsulated Phycocyanin in Food and Pharma Industries: A Review

Phycocyanin is a blue fluorescent protein with multi-bioactive functions. However, the multi-bioactivities and spectral stability of phycocyanin are susceptible to external environmental conditions, which limit its wide application. Here, the structure, properties, and biological activity of phycocyanin were discussed. This review highlights the significance of the microcapsules’ wall materials which commonly protect phycocyanin from environmental interference and summarizes the current preparation principles and characteristics of microcapsules in food and pharma industries, including spray drying, electrospinning, electrospraying, liposome delivery, sharp-hole coagulation baths, and ion gelation. Moreover, the major technical challenge and corresponding countermeasures of phycocyanin microencapsulation are also appraised, providing insights for the broader application of phycocyanin.     

The Design of Dual Emitting Cores for Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials

Dual emitting cores for thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters were developed. Relative to the corresponding TADF emitter with a single emitting core the TADF emitter with a dual emitting core, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,2′,6,6′‐tetracarbonitrile, showed enhanced light absorption accompanied by a high photoluminescence quantum yield. The quantum and power efficiencies of the TADF devices were enhanced by the dual emitting cores.     

The Mechanical Role of Metal Ions in Biogenic Protein‐Based Materials

Protein‐metal interactions—traditionally regarded for roles in metabolic processes—are now known to enhance the performance of certain biogenic materials, influencing properties such as hardness, toughness, adhesion, and self‐healing. Design principles elucidated through thorough study of such materials are yielding vital insights for the design of biomimetic metallopolymers with industrial and biomedical applications. Recent advances in the understanding of the biological structure–function relationships are highlighted here with a specific focus on materials such as arthropod biting parts, mussel byssal threads, and sandcastle worm cement.     

Scoping Review: Evaluation of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) for Potential Wound Healing in In Vivo Studies

Wound healing is a natural process to restore damaged tissues due to loss of tissue integrity. Moringa oleifera (locally known as merunggai in Malaysia) has been traditionally used in various ailments, including for wound management. To evaluate the wound healing properties in M. oleifera, publications were searched and selected following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement with predetermined inclusion criteria. The databases searched for primary studies include PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CENTRAL. In total, 18 in vivo studies were included, which involved the leaves, while the remaining 5 studies involved other plant parts tested on excision, incision, dead space, abrasion, and burn-induced wound models. All studies reported significant wound healing abilities. Most studies used different topical formulations of aqueous leaves extract. The accumulation of collagen content and underlying wound healing mechanism through antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities may be contributed by its bioactive phytochemical content, which has the potential to accelerate the wound contraction, increase the rate of epithelialization, and protect tissues against oxidative damage. In conclusion, M. oleifera showed wound healing potential but further studies are warranted to determine the main bioactive phytocompounds and safety.     

Surface Modification on Nickel Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Cells: A Mini Review

Nickel-rich (Ni-rich) layered oxides are considered as the most promising cathode candidates for lithium-ion cells owing to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the higher nickel content endows structural deformation through unwanted phase transitions and parasitic side reactions that lead to capacity fading upon prolonged cycling. Hence, a deep understanding of the chemistry and structural behaviour is essential for developing Ni-rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese oxide (NCM) cathode-based high-energy batteries. The present review focuses on the different challenges associated with Ni-rich NCM materials and surface modification as a strategy to solve the issues associated with NCM materials, assessment of several coating materials, and the recent developments in the surface modification of Ni-rich NCMs, with an in-depth discussion on the impact of coating on the degradation mechanism.     

BaFeSi/C复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究

采用机械球磨法制备BaFeSi/C复合物,并考察了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.结果表明,这种复合材料具有较高的初始放电容量、合适的充放电平台和良好的循环可逆性.XRD和XPS研究证明:BaFeSi/C复合物循环性能的提高主要源于惰性导电组分FeSi2、BaSi2和外层石墨骨架的协同作用,它们的存在不仅有效地缓冲了活性组分硅的体积变化,同时在很大程度上增强了复合材料的电子导电性和离子导电性.     

Structure Design and Performance of LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 Cathode Materials for Lithium‐ion Batteries: A Review

Lithium‐ion batteries are now considered to be the technology of choice for future hybrid electric and full electric vehicles to address global warming. One of the challenges for improving the performance of lithium ion batteries to meet increasingly demanding requirements for energy storage is the development of suitable cathode materials. The recent advancement of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides are investigated as advanced positive cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. This review aims at providing the reader with an understanding of the critical scientific challenges facing the development of LiNi_xCo_yMn_1‐x‐yO₂ materials, the latest developments in crystal structure, synthesis methods, and structure designs to unravel the mechanisms of charge and mass transport processes associated with battery performance, and the outlook for future‐generation batteries that exploit gradient structures materials for significantly improved performance to meet the ever‐increasing demands of emerging technologies.     

Manipulation of Triplet Excited States in Two-Component Systems for High-Performance Organic Afterglow Materials

The past several years have witnessed the tremendous development of novel chemical structures, new design strategies and intriguing applications in the field of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and organic afterglow materials. This Review article focuses on recent advancements of high-performance organic afterglow materials obtained by two-component design strategies such as a dopant-matrix, donor–acceptor, sensitization, and energy-transfer strategies. Based on some cutting-edge studies, organic afterglow efficiency has been largely improved, exceeding 90 % in several cases. Organic afterglow durations reach tens of seconds in phosphorescence systems and hours in donor–acceptor systems. Organic afterglow brightness outcompetes some inorganic afterglow materials in the first several seconds after ceasing excitation source. Organic afterglow colors cover the whole visible regions and extend to near-infrared regions with respectful afterglow efficiency. On the basis of these achievements, researchers demonstrate promising applications of organic afterglow materials in diverse fields, which has also been reviewed.