Surface Modification of Chitosan Films-Grafting Ethylene Glycol Oligomer and Its Effect on Protein Adsorption

This work is a part of a series on surface modification of materials made of chitosan. This report focused on grafting monomethoxy ethylene glycol oligomers (mPEG) on the surface of chitosan films. The chemical reactions were performed by immersing the films in organic solvent containing aldehyde derivative of mPEG. The presence of ethylene glycol moieties was determined by attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The hydrophobicity of the modified surface, determined by air-water contact angle, decreased when the ethylene glycol derivatives were grafted on the film. The modified films were also subjected to protein adsorption study in order to assess their uses in biomedical applications. It was found that the presence of ethylene glycol units reduced the adsorption of proteins (albumin and lysozyme) on the films. We therefore have shown that manipulation of the interaction between chitosan and bio-macromolecules is possible by chemically modifying the surface of chitosan.     

表面改性对VGCF分散性质的影响

针对气相生长碳纤维极易团聚及与树脂基体界面结合能力较差的难题,采用双氧水-浓硝酸二步法对VGCF进行表面改性处理。利用X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计等测试分析了改性前后VGCF的表面结构和在溶剂中的分散性,并以形状记忆聚氨酯为基体,采用溶液混合法制备了气相生长碳纤维/形状记忆聚氨酯的复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能。经过改性后,VGCF的石墨晶型结构几乎没有改变,VGCF表面的含氧官能团浓度得到较大提高,且其在有机溶剂中的分散性及分散稳定性也得到很大提高;在气相生长碳纤维/形状记忆聚氨酯的复合材料截面中,扫描电镜观察表明表面改性使得VGCF在基体中的分散性及与基体的界面结合能力都得到一定程度的提高;经二步法改性处理后的气相生长碳纤维比未处理气相生长碳纤维对复合材料的力学性能的增强效果更为明显。     

Molecular Simulation on Competitive Adsorption Differences of Gas with Different Pore Sizes in Coal

Micropores are the primary sites for methane occurrence in coal. Studying the regularity of methane occurrence in micropores is significant for targeted displacement and other yield-increasing measures in the future. This study used simplified graphene sheets as pore walls to construct coal-structural models with pore sizes of 1 nm, 2 nm, and 4 nm. Based on the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics theory, we simulated the adsorption characteristics of methane in pores of different sizes. The results showed that the adsorption capacity was positively correlated with the pore size for pure gas adsorption. The adsorption capacity increased with pressure and pore size for competitive adsorption of binary mixtures in pores. As the average isosteric heat decreased, the interaction between the gas and the pore wall weakened, and the desorption amount of CH₄ decreased. In ultramicropores, the high concentration of CO₂ (50–70%) is more conducive to CH₄ desorption; however, when the CO₂ concentration is greater than 70%, the corresponding CH₄ adsorption amount is meager, and the selected adsorption coefficient S_CO2/CH4 is small. Therefore, to achieve effective desorption of methane in coal micropores, relatively low pressure (4–6 MPa) and a relatively low CO₂ concentration (50–70%) should be selected in the process of increasing methane production by CO₂ injection in later stages. These research results provide theoretical support for gas injection to promote CH₄ desorption in coal pores and to increase yield.     

Carbon Dioxide/Methane Separation by Adsorption on Sepiolite

In this work,the use of sepiolite for the removal of carbon dioxide from a carbon diox- ide/methane mixture by a pressure swing adsorption(PSA)process has been researched.Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics have been measured in a fixed-bed,and the adsorption equilibrium parameters of carbon dioxide and methane on sepiolite have been obtained.A model based on the LDF approxima- tion has been employed to simulate the fixed-bed kinetics,using the Langmuir equation to describe the adsorption equilibrium isotherm.The functioning of a PSA cycle for separating carbon dioxide/methane mixtures using sepiolite as adsorbent has also been studied.The experimental results were compared with the ones predicted by the model adapted to a PSA system.Methane with purity higher than 97% can be obtained from feeds containing carbon dioxide with concentrations ranging from 34% to 56% with the proposed PSA cycle.These results suggest that sepiolite is an adsorbent with good properties for its employment in a PSA cycle for carbon dioxide removal from landfill gases.     

水合物生成条件下甲烷在水中的吸附

采用悬滴法系统地测定了温度274.2 ~ 282.2 K、压力0.1 ~ 10.1 MPa下甲烷/纯水间界面张力。实验结果表明在恒定温度下界面张力随压力的增加而增大。在高压条件下,压力对界面张力有很大的影响。不同温度和压力下计算出的甲烷在水中的表面过剩浓度结果表明,压力越高,温度越低,甲烷在水溶液中的吸附浓度越高。同时,计算出的甲烷在水溶液中的表面吸附自由能结果表明,在水合物生成条件下,甲烷在水中的吸附比298.2 K更容易。     

十八烷基聚氧乙烯表面空间结构和蛋白质吸附行为研究

为探讨聚合物-水界面十八烷基聚氧乙烯链(SPEO)空间结构和白蛋白选择性吸附行为的内在联系,本文采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝十八烷基聚氧乙烯(PMMA-g-SPEO),通过不同热处理方式获得了具有“环形链”(A)和“尾形链”(B)结构的两种模型表面.在A表面,水相接触角随水化时间的延长而迅速降低,最终亲水性的界面可同时有效阻抗白蛋白和纤维蛋白原的吸附,但不呈现对白蛋白的选择性吸附;而在B表面,水相接触角随水化时间的延长变化不大,最终疏水性的界面可在有效阻抗纤维蛋白原的吸附同时,有效诱导白蛋白的选择性吸附,具有聚氧乙烯(PEO)阻抗非特异性吸附和十八烷基选择性吸附协同作用的特点.     

Adsorption and Thermogravimetric Methods for Monitoring Surface and Structural Changes in Ordered Mesoporous Silicas Induced by their Chemical Modification

The current work demonstrates that the standard adsorption analysis has a limited applicability for characterization of chemically modified porous silicas. Since low-pressure nitrogen adsorption isotherms are sensitive to the surface changes caused by chemical modification of silicas, these isotherms were successfully used to evaluate their surface heterogeneity during different stages of modification. The surface analysis was accomplished by using adsorption energy distributions and high-resolution comparative plots.     

Gibbs Dividing Surface and Helium Adsorption

All adsorption data is based on the definition of Gibbs dividing surface, which is a purely mathematical transformation. Adsorption measurements in microporous solids necessitate experimental determination of the dividing surface. An international protocol does not exist on how to perform this important measurement. Commonly, helium is assumed not to adsorb and used as a probe molecule for this measurement. Each experimentalist chooses an arbitrary set of conditions, often without even disclosing them, which adds to the confusion in adsorption literature. Here, a self-consistent method for the analysis of helium data is proposed which does not assume non-adsorbing helium. The method is compared to others using the extensive set of helium/silicalite data. The Gibbs dividing surface and hence the helium isotherms at all temperatures are determined.     

改性壳聚糖的制备及其对金属离子的吸附性能

用对羟基苯甲醛、水杨醛和香草醛对壳聚糖进行了修饰.探讨了产物对微量Hg2+,Pb2+,Au3+,Cu2+,Ag+,Cr3+,Cd2+,Ni2+和Zn2+的吸附性能.结果表明,改性后的壳聚糖具有不易流失、易再生的特点,并且对离子的去除率较高,尤其对Hg2+,Pb2+和Au3+,去除率更高.     

偕胺肟基纤维对铜(II)的吸附动力学

对含丙烯腈结构单元的高分子材料进行 CN的改性反应,偕胺肟化后的高分子材料可作为吸附剂,用于对水溶液中的金属离子吸附去除[1 4],也可用于稀土等贵金属的富集和回收[5 6]。作者以聚丙烯腈纤维改性所得偕胺肟纤维为吸附剂,对水溶液中的Cu2+进行吸附研究,着重研究了偕胺肟纤维对Cu2+的吸附反应动力学特征。1　实验部分1 1　主要试剂与仪器偕胺肟纤维按文献[7]方法制备,Cu2+溶液由硫酸铜(AR)和蒸馏水配制,其余试剂均为分析纯。WXF 120原子吸收分光光度计(北京瑞利分析有限公司),PXD 12数字式离子计(江苏电分析仪器厂),FC 104电子天…     

微结构与表面修饰对二氧化硅多孔薄膜疏水性能的影响

通过引入聚乙二醇(PEG)改性传统二氧化硅(SiO2)溶胶,得到了粒径分布较宽且粒径可控的溶胶。比较了六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)溶胶内修饰和薄膜表面修饰以及溶胶粒径对SiO2薄膜疏水性能的影响。采用动态光散射粒度仪定量测试了二氧化硅溶胶老化过程中粒度的变化,用原子力显微镜、接触角测试仪、红外光谱仪、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计分别对薄膜的表面形貌、表观静态接触角、薄膜成分及透光率等进行了测量。结果表明:PEG的添加可有效增大溶胶粒度从而增大薄膜的粗糙度,提高薄膜的疏水性。表面修饰效果受修饰方式和SiO2粒径影响,粒径较小时有利于溶胶内修饰,粒径较大时有利于对薄膜修饰。经过表面修饰剂(HMDS)的气氛处理得到了接触角为152°的超疏水薄膜,而且相比溶胶内修饰可以减小薄膜透光率的损失。     

Adsorption Study of Methane on Activated Meso-carbon Microbeads by Density Functional Theory

A combined method of density functional theory (DFT) and statistics integral equation (SIE) for the determination of the pore size distribution (PSD) is developed based on the experimental adsorption data of nitrogen on activated mesocarbon microbead (AMCMB) at 77K. The pores of AMCMB are described as slit-shaped with PSD.Based on the PSD, methane adsorption and phase behavior are studied by the DFT method. Both nitrogen and methane molecules are modeled as Lennard-Jones spherical molecules, and the well-known Steele‘s 10-4-3 potential is used to represent the interaction between the fluid molecule and the solid wall. In order to test the combined method and the PSD model, the Intelligent Gravimetric Analyzer (IGA-003) was used to measure the adsorption of methane on the AMCMB. The DFT results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on these facts,we predict the adsorption amount of methane, which can reach 32.3ω at 299K and 4 MPa. The results indicate that the AMCMBs are a good candidate for adsorptive storage of methane and natural gas. In addition, the capillary condensation and hysteresis phenomenon of methane are also observed at 74.05K.     

Studies on the Adsorption and Dissociation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Nickel

The adsorption and dissociation of methane and carbon dioxide for reforming on nickel catalysts were extensively investigated by TPSR, TPD, XPS and pulse reaction methods. These studies showed that the decomposition of methane results in the formation of at least three kinds of surface carbon species on supported nickel catalysts. Carbidic Cα, carbonaceous Cβ and carbidic clusters Cγ surface carbon species formed by the decomposition of methane demonstrated different surface mobility, thermal stability and reactivity. Carbidic Cα is a very active and important intermediate in carbon dioxide reforming with methane, and the carbidic clusters Cγ species might be the precursor of surface carbon deposition. The partially dehydrogenated Cβ species can react with H2 or CO2 to form CH4 or CO. On the other hand, it was proven that CO2 can be weakly adsorbed on supported nickel catalysts, and only one kind of CO2 adsorption state is formed. The interaction mechanism between the species dissociated from CH4 and CO2 during reforming was then hypothesized.     

氨基改性介孔二氧化硅的制备及其吸附性能研究

合成了一种具有较大孔径的氨基改性介孔二氧化硅材料(m-MCF)。通过XRD、TEM、低温氮吸附、TGA、FTIR以及原子吸收光谱(AAS)等表征方法对产物的结构和性能进行的分析表明:利用三甲基苯为扩孔剂制备得到的介孔材料具有较大的孔径，有利于功能基团对孔内表面的改性。当氨基改性介孔材料后，该材料仍然保留较大的孔径(22 nm)和较高的比表面积(444 m²·g^-1)。研究发现:与改性而未扩孔的介孔二氧化硅SBA-15相比，该材料对铜离子的吸附能力提高了2倍。     

Studies on the Adsorption and Dissociation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Nickel Catalysts

The adsorption and dissociation of methane and carbon dioxide for reforming on nickel catalysts were extensively investigated by TPSR, TPD, XPS and pulse reaction methods. These studies showed that the decomposition of methane results in the formation of at least three kinds of surface carbon species on supported nickel catalysts. Carbidic Cα, carbonaceous Cβ and carbidic clusters C-γ surface carbon species formed by the decomposition of methane demonstrated different surface mobility, thermal stability and reactivity. Carbidic Cα is a very active and important intermediate in carbon dioxide reforming with methane, and the carbidic clusters Cγ species might be the precursor of surface carbon deposition. The partially dehydrogenated Cβ species can react with H2 or CO2 to form CH4 or CO. On the other hand, it was proven that CO2 can be weakly adsorbed on supported nickel catalysts, and only one kind of CO2 adsorption state is formed. The interaction mechanism between the species dissociated from CH4     

金属-有机骨架材料中甲烷吸附机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了甲烷在MOF-5中的吸附位置、吸附构型和吸附能. 结果表明: 吸附位置主要有四种, Zn₄O簇为最佳吸附位, 其吸附能为17.38 kJ•mol^－1, 高于沸石中的甲烷吸附能. 从吸附能与MOF-5的结构关系分析得出: 在苯环中引入给电子基团, 有利于增强甲烷与MOFs的吸附作用; 引入含氧等极性官能团, 将增加甲烷吸附位, 有利于提高吸附储存量.     

空心微米镍球的表面改性及微波吸附性能研究

采用特殊的化学镀方法对已制备的空心微米镍球进行表面组装, 成功地在该镍球表面包覆了一层蜂窝状包覆钴层. 通过FESEM, TEM, XRD衍射表征了该包覆镍球, 观察到均匀包覆钴层的网眼构造和密集孔隙结构. 用BET气体吸附法、同轴线法对该镍球比表面积和微波性能进行了研究. 研究表明, 蜂窝状包覆钴层提高了粒子的比表面积, 同时表面镀钴提高了镍球的复介电常数值, 从而能增加粒子对电磁波的电介质损耗, 提高粒子在微波频率范围内对电磁波的反射吸收.     

Modification of Nylon Membrane Used for Affinity Adsorption

Using microporous affinity membrane in separation has advantages of large specific area,low backpressure and fast separation ratel. This led to obtain high purity proteins invery short time and reduce the possibility of denaturation of biomelecules in largelysimplified separation process. Nylon membrane offers narrow pore size distributionand good mechanical rigidity. However, nylon membrane has low concentration ofprimary amino group and nonspecific adsorption of protein'. To solve these prob…     

活性炭的改性研究及对四环素的吸附

研究了改性对活性炭的物理化学性质及其对四环素吸附性能的影响。结果发现,硝酸氧化改性可增加活性炭表面的酸性基团,提高比表面亲水性,降低pHPZC值,同时也改变了活性炭的表面微观形貌。低温、低浓度硝酸氧化改性,增加了活性炭的比表面积,对四环素的吸附以物理吸附为主。高温氧化改性使得比表面积降低,酸性基团增加,且吸附容量与活性炭比表面积、表面总酸度呈一定的线性关系。