Classification of Extremal Double Circulant Formally Self-Dual Even Codes

Formally self-dual even codes have recently been studied. Double circulant even codes are a family of such codes and almost all known extremal formally self-dual even codes are of this form. In this paper, we classify all extremal double circulant formally self-dual even codes which are not self-dual. We also investigate the existence of near-extremal formally self-dual even codes.     

2n Bordered constructions of self-dual codes from group rings

Self-dual codes, which are codes that are equal to their orthogonal, are a widely studied family of codes. Various techniques involving circulant matrices and matrices from group rings have been used to construct such codes. Moreover, families of rings have been used, together with a Gray map, to construct binary self-dual codes. In this paper, we introduce a new bordered construction over group rings for self-dual codes by combining many of the previously used techniques. The purpose of this is to construct self-dual codes that were missed using classical construction techniques by constructing self-dual codes with different automorphism groups. We apply the technique to codes over finite commutative Frobenius rings of characteristic 2 and several group rings and use these to construct interesting binary self-dual codes. In particular, we construct some extremal self-dual codes of length 64 and 68, constructing 30 new extremal self-dual codes of length 68.     

On the classification of the extremal self-dual codes over small fields with 2-transitive automorphism groups

There are seven binary extremal self-dual doubly-even codes which are known to have a 2-transitive automorphism group. Using representation theoretical methods we show that there are no other such codes, except possibly for length n = 1024. We also classify all extremal ternary self-dual and quaternary Hermitian self-dual codes.     

New MDS self-dual codes over finite fields

In this paper we construct MDS Euclidean and Hermitian self-dual codes which are extended cyclic duadic codes or negacyclic codes. We also construct Euclidean self-dual codes which are extended negacyclic codes. Based on these constructions, a large number of new MDS self-dual codes are given with parameters for which self-dual codes were not previously known to exist.     

Codes over an infinite family of rings with a Gray map

Codes over an infinite family of rings which are an extension of the binary field are defined. Two Gray maps to the binary field are attached and are shown to be conjugate. Euclidean and Hermitian self-dual codes are related to binary self-dual and formally self-dual codes, giving a construction of formally self-dual codes from a collection of arbitrary binary codes. We relate codes over these rings to complex lattices. A Singleton bound is proved for these codes with respect to the Lee weight. The structure of cyclic codes and their Gray image is studied. Infinite families of self-dual and formally self-dual quasi-cyclic codes are constructed from these codes.     

New optimal [52, 26, 10] self-dual codes

We classify up to equivalence all optimal binary self-dual [52, 26, 10] codes having an automorphism of order 3 with 10 fixed points. We achieve this using a method for constructing self-dual codes via an automorphism of odd prime order. We study also codes with an automorphism of order 3 with 4 fixed points. Some of the constructed codes have new values β = 8, 9, and 12 for the parameter in their weight enumerator.     

On the Classification of Extremal Even Formally Self-Dual Codes

Bachoc bachoc has recently introduced harmonic polynomials for binary codes. Computing these for extremal even formally self-dual codes of length 12, she found intersection numbers for such codes and showed that there are exactly three inequivalent [12,6,4] even formally self-dual codes, exactly one of which is self-dual. We prove a new theorem which gives a generator matrix for formally self-dual codes. Using the Bachoc polynomials we can obtain the intersection numbers for extremal even formally self-dual codes of length 14. These same numbers can also be obtained from the generator matrix. We show that there are precisely ten inequivalent [14,7,4] even formally self-dual codes, only one of which is self-dual.     

Galois self-dual extended duadic constacyclic codes

Galois inner product is a generalization of the Euclidean inner product and Hermitian inner product. The theory on linear codes under Galois inner product can be applied in the constructions of MDS codes and quantum error-correcting codes. In this paper, we construct Galois self-dual codes and MDS Galois self-dual codes from extensions of constacyclic codes. First, we explicitly determine all the Type II splittings leading to all the Type II duadic constacyclic codes in two cases. Second, we propose methods to extend two classes of constacyclic codes to obtain Galois self-dual codes, and we also provide existence conditions of Galois self-dual codes which are extensions of constacyclic codes. Finally, we construct some (almost) MDS Galois self-dual codes using the above results. Some Galois self-dual codes and (almost) MDS Galois self-dual codes obtained in this paper turn out to be new.     

New constructions of optimal self-dual binary codes of length 54

The quaternary Hermitian self-dual [18,9,6]₄ codes are classified and used to construct new binary self-dual [54,27,10]₂ codes. All self-dual [54,27,10]₂ codes obtained have automorphisms of order 3, and six of their weight enumerators have not been previously encountered.      

On the constructions of MDS self-dual codes via cyclotomy

MDS self-dual codes over finite fields have attracted a lot of attention in recent years by their theoretical interests in coding theory and applications in cryptography and combinatorics. In this paper we present a series of MDS self-dual codes with new length by using generalized Reed-Solomon codes and extended generalized Reed-Solomon codes as the candidates of MDS codes and taking their evaluation sets as a union of cyclotomic classes. The conditions on such MDS codes being self-dual are expressed in terms of cyclotomic numbers.     

Galois self-dual constacyclic codes

Generalizing the Euclidean inner product and the Hermitian inner product, we introduce Galois inner products, and study Galois self-dual constacyclic codes in a very general setting by a uniform method. The conditions for existence of Galois self-dual and isometrically Galois self-dual constacyclic codes are obtained. As consequences, results on self-dual, iso-dual and Hermitian self-dual constacyclic codes are derived.     

The [52, 26, 10] Binary Self-Dual Codes with an Automorphism of Order 7

All [52, 26, 10] binary self-dual codes with an automorphism of order 7 are enumerated. Up to equivalence, there are 499 such codes. They have two possible weight enumerators, one of which has not previously arisen.     

Extremal Self-Dual [50, 25, 10] Codes with Automorphisms of Order 3 and Quasi-Symmetric 2-(49, 9,6) Designs

Five non-isomorphic quasi-symmetric 2-(49, 9, 6) designs are known. They arise from extremal self-dual [50, 25, 10] codes with a certain weight enumerator. Four of them have an automorphism of order 3 fixing two points. In this paper, it is shown that there are exactly 48 inequivalent extremal self-dual [50, 25, 10] code with this weight enumerator and an automorphism of order 3 fixing two points. 44 new quasi-symmetric 2-(49, 9, 6) designs with an automorphism of order 3 are constructed from these codes.     

MDS Self-Dual Codes over Large Prime Fields

Combinatorial designs have been used widely in the construction of self-dual codes. Recently a new method of constructing self-dual codes was established using orthogonal designs. This method has led to the construction of many new self-dual codes over small finite fields and rings. In this paper, we generalize this method by using generalized orthogonal designs, and we give another new method that creates and solves Diophantine equations over GF(p) in order to find suitable generator matrices for self-dual codes. We show that under the necessary conditions these methods can be applied as well to small and large fields. We apply these two methods to study self-dual codes over GF(31) and GF(37). Using these methods we obtain some new maximum distance separable self-dual codes of small orders.     

Group rings, <Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis>-codes and constructions of self-dual and formally self-dual codes

We describe G-codes, which are codes that are ideals in a group ring, where the ring is a finite commutative Frobenius ring and G is an arbitrary finite group. We prove that the dual of a G-code is also a G-code. We give constructions of self-dual and formally self-dual codes in this setting and we improve the existing construction given in Hurley (Int J Pure Appl Math 31(3):319–335, 2006) by showing that one of the conditions given in the theorem is unnecessary and, moreover, it restricts the number of self-dual codes obtained by the construction. We show that several of the standard constructions of self-dual codes are found within our general framework. We prove that our constructed codes must have an automorphism group that contains G as a subgroup. We also prove that a common construction technique for producing self-dual codes cannot produce the putative [72, 36, 16] Type II code. Additionally, we show precisely which groups can be used to construct the extremal Type II codes over length 24 and 48. We define quasi-G codes and give a construction of these codes.     

On self-dual cyclic codes over finite chain rings

In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of non-trivial cyclic self-dual codes over finite chain rings. We prove that there are no free cyclic self-dual codes over finite chain rings with odd characteristic. It is also proven that a self-dual code over a finite chain ring cannot be the lift of a binary cyclic self-dual code. The number of cyclic self-dual codes over chain rings is also investigated as an extension of the number of cyclic self-dual codes over finite fields given recently by Jia et al.     

A complete classification of ternary self-dual codes of length 24

Ternary self-dual codes have been classified for lengths up to 20. At length 24, a classification of only extremal self-dual codes is known. In this paper, we give a complete classification of ternary self-dual codes of length 24 using the classification of 24-dimensional odd unimodular lattices.     

Weight Enumerators of Double Circulant Codes and New Extremal Self-Dual Codes

In this paper it is shown that the weight enumerator of a bordered double circulant self-dual code can be obtained from those of a pure double circulant self-dual code and its shadow through a relationship between bordered and pure double circulant codes. As applications, a restriction on the weight enumerators of some extremal double circulant codes is determined and a uniqueness proof of extremal double circulant self-dual codes of length 46 is given. New extremal singly-even [44,22,8] double circulant codes are constructed. These codes have weight enumerators for which extremal codes were not previously known to exist.     

Self-dual codes from circulant matrices

In this paper, two general methods for constructing self-dual codes are presented. These methods use circulant matrices in circulant or bordered circulant structures to construct the suitable generator matrices. The necessary and sufficient conditions, for the generated codes to be self-dual, are provided. Special cases of the proposed methods include the well known “Pure Double Circulant” construction and the “Bordered Double circulant” construction of self-dual codes. As an example, the methods were applied to search for self-dual codes in GF(5). Many new inequivalent self-dual codes with best known distance are found.     

Binary self-dual codes with automorphisms of order 23

The only example of a binary doubly-even self-dual [120,60,20] code was found in 2005 by Gaborit et al. (IEEE Trans Inform theory 51, 402–407 2005). In this work we present 25 new binary doubly-even self-dual [120,60,20] codes having an automorphism of order 23. Moreover we list 7 self-dual [116,58,18] codes, 30 singly-even self-dual [96,48,16] codes and 20 extremal self-dual [92,46,16] codes. All codes are new and present different weight enumerators.