平板式螺旋相位板的设计与应用

传统的螺旋相位板是一种利用沿方位角方向介质材料高度递增实现对光束相位调控产生涡旋光束的光学器件,由于这种特殊的几何结构特征使其不能通过相位板的叠加而调控出射光束所携带的角量子数.本文基于坐标变换方法将介质材料沿方位角方向折射率不变而高度递增的传统螺旋相位板变换为一种介质材料沿方位角方向高度不变而折射率递增的平板式螺旋相位板.通过理论分析与数值模拟,发现本文所设计的平板式螺旋相位板不仅与传统螺旋相位板一样能够产生高质量的涡旋光束,而且平板式螺旋相位板的高度和涡旋光束携带的角量子数可以根据介质材料的折射率选取而任意调节.为了实际应用的需要,可以通过叠加多层平板式螺旋相位板以获得不同角量子数的涡旋光束.这种平板式螺旋相位板在光传输、光通信等领域具有广阔的潜在应用价值.     

一维扩展量子罗盘模型的拓扑序和量子相变

应用矩阵乘积态表示的无限虚时间演化块算法,研究了扩展的量子罗盘模型.为了深入研究该模型的长程拓扑序和量子相变,基于奇数键和偶数键,引入了奇数弦关联和偶数弦关联,计算了保真度、奇数弦关联、偶数弦关联、奇数弦关联饱和性与序参量.弦关联表现出三种截然不同的行为:衰减为零、单调饱和与振荡饱和.基于弦关联的以上特征,给出了量子罗盘模型的基态序参量相图.在临界区,局域磁化强度和单调奇弦序参量的临界指数β=1/8表明:相变的普适类是Ising类型.此外,保真度探测到的相变点、连续性与非连续性和序参量的结果一致.     

用四台阶相位板产生涡旋光束

涡旋光束的产生与应用是当前光学领域的研究热点. 利用傅里叶级数展开法分析了四台阶相位板的相位结构, 发现四台阶相位板可看作是由一系列不同拓扑荷数的螺旋相位板所组成, 用线偏振光直接照射相位板时, 将产生多级衍射光波, 各级衍射光均为不同拓扑荷数的涡旋光波, 由于多级衍射光波间的干涉导致光强分布偏离轴对称分布, 因而与涡旋光波有一定差距. 在此基础上, 提出了用四台阶相位板产生涡旋光束的新方案, 借助于Mach-Zehnder 干涉仪光路, 两块四台阶相位板产生的衍射光干涉叠加, 通过调节干涉仪光路的相位差, 使一部分衍射级干涉相消, 另一部分衍射级干涉相长, 相互加强, 从而把线偏振光转换为涡旋光束. 数值模拟计算了几种周期数不同的四台阶相位板衍射光强和角动量分布, 并与螺旋相位板进行比较, 证明用简单的四台阶相位板不仅能够获得与用螺旋相位板相同的涡旋光束, 而且可以用周期数较小的四台阶相位板产生具有大拓扑荷数的涡旋光束, 降低了制作相位板的难度.     

Topological phase transition in cavity optomechanical system with periodical modulation

We investigate the topological phase transition and the enhanced topological effect in a cavity optomechanical system with periodical modulation. By calculating the steady-state equations of the system, the steady-state conditions of cavity fields and the restricted conditions of effective optomechanical couplings are demonstrated. It is found that the cavity optomechanical system can be modulated to different topological Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) phases via designing the optomechanical couplings legitimately. Meanwhile, combining the effective optomechanical couplings and the probability distributions of gap states, we reveal the topological phase transition between trivial SSH phase and nontrivial SSH phase via adjusting the decay rates of cavity fields. Moreover, we find that the enhanced topological effect of gap states can be achieved by enlarging the size of system and adjusting the decay rates of cavity fields.     

PT symmetric Floquet topological phase in SSH model

We consider periodically modulated Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model with gain and loss. This model, which can be realized with current technology in photonics using waveguides, allows us to study Floquet topological insulating phase. By using Floquet theory, we find the quasi-energy spectrum of this one dimensional PT symmetric topological insulator. We show that stable Floquet topological phase exists in our model provided that oscillation frequency is large and the non-Hermitian degree is below than a critical value.     

Kitaev模型与拓扑量子相变

文章通过在一种准一维路径上引入自旋算符的约当-维格纳（Jordan—Wigner）变换，证明了Kitaev自旋模型完全等价于一个不含任何非物理自由度的自由Majorana费米子模型。通过对偶变换，进一步证明了这个系统中存在的量子相变可用非定域的拓扑序参量来描述；并且，这些非定域的拓扑序参量在对偶空间变成为定域的朗道类型的序参量。文章作者的工作揭示了传统的量子相变和拓扑量子相变的内在关系，扩展了朗道二级相变理论的适用范围。     

一种高效量子密钥分发系统主动相位补偿方法

针对相位编码量子密钥分发系统相位漂移的实际问题,详细分析了目前解决相位漂移的主要方案,提出了一种"五点法"快速相位漂移参数的扫描方法.该方法只需对五个相位点进行单光子水平的相位扫描,即可得出满足精度要求的相位漂移参数.通过将该方法和其他两种主要相位补偿方法的对比分析,表明该方法可以在更短的扫描时间内有效得到量子密钥分发的相位漂移参数并对相位漂移进行实时补偿.该方法适用于目前常用的相位编码系统,为量子密码系统提供了一种有实际应用价值的主动相位补偿方案.     

Rashba自旋轨道耦合下square-octagon晶格的拓扑相变

本文研究了各向同性square-octagon晶格在内禀自旋轨道耦合、Rashba自旋轨道耦合和交换场作用下的拓扑相变,同时引入陈数和自旋陈数对系统进行拓扑分类.系统在自旋轨道耦合和交换场的影响下会出现许多拓扑非平庸态,包括时间反演对称破缺的量子自旋霍尔态和量子反常霍尔态.特别的是,在时间反演对称破缺的量子自旋霍尔效应中,无能隙螺旋边缘态依然能够完好存在.调节交换场或者填充因子的大小会导致系统发生从时间反演对称破缺的量子自旋霍尔态到自旋过滤的量子反常霍尔态的拓扑相变.边缘态能谱和自旋谱的性质与陈数和自旋陈数的拓扑刻画完全一致.这些研究成果为自旋量子操控提供了一个有趣的途径.     

Photoinduced Weyl semimetal phase and anomalous Hall effect in a three-dimensional topological insulator

Motivated by the fact that Weyl fermions can emerge in a three-dimensional topological insulator on breaking either time-reversal or inversion symmetries, we propose that a topological quantum phase transition to a Weyl semimetal phase occurs under the off-resonant circularly polarized light, in a three-dimensional topological insulator, when the intensity of the incident light exceeds a critical value. The circularly polarized light effectively generates a Zeeman exchange field and a renormalized Dirac mass, which are highly controllable. The phase transition can be exactly characterized by the first Chern number. A tunable anomalous Hall conductivity emerges, which is fully determined by the location of the Weyl nodes in momentum space, even in the doping regime. Our predictions are experimentally realizable through pump-probe angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and raise a new way for realizing Weyl semimetals and quantum anomalous Hall effects.     

利用非传统螺旋相位调控高阶涡旋光束的拓扑结构

本文提出一种利用非传统螺旋相位调控高阶涡旋光束拓扑结构的方法.数值模拟并实验研究了具有不均匀旋转梯度的非传统螺旋相位对高阶涡旋光束的调控行为.结果表明, 携带有非传统螺旋相位的高阶涡旋光束在传输过程中, 将退化为沿一条直线排列的多个一阶相位奇点, 并且, 这种非传统螺旋相位对高阶涡旋光束的调控特性, 可抑制相位噪声等扰动所引起的拓扑结构随机退化现象.本文的结论为涡旋光束拓扑结构的调控提供了一种可行的新途径, 在基于涡旋光束的光学通信、光学操控等方面具有潜在应用.     

Topological phase transition in a ladder of the dimerized Kitaev superconductor chains

We investigate the topological properties of a ladder model of the dimerized Kitaev superconductor chains.The topological class of the system is determined by the relative phase θ between the inter-and intra-chain superconducting pairing.One topological class is the class BDI characterized by the Z index,and the other is the class D characterized by the Z_2 index.For the two different topological classes,the topological phase diagrams of the system are presented by calculating two different topological numbers,i.e.,the Z index winding number W and the Z_2 index Majorana number M,respectively.In the case of θ=0,the topological class belongs to the class BDI,multiple topological phase transitions accompanying the variation of the number of Majorana zero modes are observed.In the case of θ = π/2 it belongs to the class D.Our results show that for the given value of dimerization,the topologically nontrivial and trivial phases alternate with the variation of chemical potential.     

Dissipation-induced topological phase transition and periodic-driving-induced photonic topological state transfer in a small optomechanical lattice

We propose a scheme to investigate the topological phase transition and the topological state transfer based on the small optomechanical lattice under the realistic parameters regime.We find that the optomechanical lattice can be equivalent to a topologically nontrivial Su-Schrieffer Heeger(SSH)model via designing the effective optomechanical coupling.Especially,the optomechanical lattice experiences the phase transition between topologically nontrivial SSH phase and topologically trivial SSH phase by controlling the decay of the cavity field and the opto mechanical coupling.We stress that the to pological phase transition is mainly induced by the decay of the cavity field,which is counter-intuitive since the dissipation is usually detrimental to the system.Also,we investigate the photonic state transfer between the two cavity fields via the topologically protected edge channel based on the small optomechanical lattice.We find that the quantum st ate transfer assisted by the topological zero energy mode can be achieved via implying the external lasers with the periodical driving amplitudes into the cavity fields.Our scheme provides the fundamental and the insightful explanations towards the mapping of the photonic topological insulator based on the micro-nano optomechanical quantum optical platform.     

Overview of phases and phase transitions

We provide an overview of some modern developments in the theory of phases and phase transitions in classical and quantum systems. We show the link between non-ergodicity and fidelity in quantum systems and discuss topological phase transitions. We show that the quantum phase transitions are associated with qualitative changes in some properties of the quantum wavefunctions across the phase transition. We discuss the topological phase transition associated with p-wave superconductor since it is a topic of wide interest because of the possible observation of Majorana fermions.     

圆环结构磁光光子晶体中的拓扑相变

二维圆环结构的三角晶格磁光光子晶体中可以呈现多重拓扑相.在不同的几何参数和磁场下,这些拓扑相包括正常光子带隙相、量子自旋霍尔相和反常量子霍尔相.与文献[1]类似,该结果展现了二维光子晶体丰富的拓扑相变现象.     

The nonmodular topological phase and phase singularities

Generalizing an earlier definition of the noncyclic geometric phase [R. Bhandari, Phys. Lett. A 157 (1991) 221], a nonmodular topological phase is defined with reference to a generic time-dependent two-slit interference experiment involving particles with N internal states in which the internal state of both the beams undergoes unitary evolution. A simple proof of the shorter geodesic rule for closure of the open path is presented and several useful new insights into the behavior of the dynamical and geometrical components of the phase shift presented. An effective Hamiltonian interpretation of the observable phase shifts is also presented.     

A multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI

This paper proposes a simple, compact, practical, less nonlinear, less decorrelation and multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI which can be used perform both phase shifting and fringe carriering techniques. Theory together with experimental demonstrations are presented.     

A multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI

This paper proposes a simple, compact, practical, less nonlinear, less decorrelation and multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI which can be used perform both phase shifting and fringe carriering techniques. Theory together with experimental demonstrations are presented.     

近场X射线位相衬度成像及位相恢复算法

理论分析了X射线衍射位相成像和近场位相恢复算法。定义了一个最佳成像距离，给出了基于最佳成像距离和特征空间频率的衍射场光强分布新的表达形式。基于模拟位相物体给出了数值模拟结果。由此得出了探测距离和多色辐照对相衬图像和位相恢复结果的影响。本文给出的结果将对同轴x射线相衬成像实验具有一定的指导作用。     

蓝相液晶指向有序的定域化及微结构制备

蓝相液晶晶格指向有序性的体系构建对先进光子学应用乃至软物质三维可控生长具有重要的科学与技术意义.对指向有序性的蓝相液晶进行定域化的高分子稳定,进而形成蓝相区域的微结构图案化,有望实现全新的光子调控器件.本文使用稳定性好、操作简易、普遍的摩擦取向方法,达到蓝相晶格指向一致化目的,同时结合掩膜曝光的手段进行区域可控的光聚合,即定域光聚合,达到对蓝相晶格的定域化高分子稳定,实现了晶格指向有序、稳定性强的蓝相区域微结构图案化分布.最后基于这样的特殊结构,研究了潜在的光子学等方面的应用.     

Topological phase transitions and Thouless pumping of light in photonic waveguide arrays

Photonic waveguide arrays provide an excellent platform for simulating conventional topological systems, and they can also be employed for the study of novel topological phases in photonics systems. However, a direct measurement of bulk topological invariants remains a great challenge. Here we study topological features of generalized commensurate Aubry‐André‐Harper (AAH) photonic waveguide arrays and construct a topological phase diagram by calculating all bulk Chern numbers, and then explore the bulk‐edge correspondence by analyzing the topological edge states and their winding numbers. In contrast to incommensurate AAH models, diagonal and off‐diagonal commensurate AAH models are not topologically equivalent. In particular, there appear nontrivial topological phases with large Chern numbers and topological phase transitions. By implementing Thouless pumping of light in photonic waveguide arrays, we propose a simple scheme to measure the bulk Chern numbers.