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1.
Antonio Roviello Annamaria Buono Antonio Carella Giuseppina Roviello Antonio Cassinese Mario Barra Mariano Biasucci 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(9):1758-1770
An easy synthetic procedure for soluble poly[3‐(4‐alcoxyphenyl)thiophene]s is reported. The polymers present a high regioregularity degree as determined by both UV–vis spectra and 1H and 13C NMR analysis. Furthermore, X‐ray powder diffraction analysis performed on films of the polymers suggests a π‐stacked packing structure of the macromolecules. Electrical characterization was performed on one of the synthesized polythiophenes on both undoped and doped (with FeCl3 or iodine) films. The conductivity and charge‐carrier mobility were assessed by current–voltage and field effect measurements. Well‐structured polymer films were obtained simply via spin coating from chloroform solutions and without the need of further processing, unlike other regioregular polythiophenes reported in the literature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1758–1770, 2007 相似文献
2.
Exploring novel poly(thiophene‐3‐yl‐amine) through facile self acid assisted‐polycondensation
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Kang Jiang Xi Cheng Xinyi Cai Shozo Yanagida Jiangbin Xia 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(24):4003-4012
Aromatic moieties of benzene and pyridine as side chains for poly(thiophene‐3‐yl‐amine) are rationally designed and synthesized by facile self acid‐assisted polycondensation (SAAP). Nitrogen atom is the key atom to form ammonium cation which guarantees SAAP success while other aromatic moieties are chosen carefully to attach on N atom to functionalize poly(thiophene‐3‐yl‐amine) matrix. Our results indicate that thiophene‐3‐yl‐amine is an excellent platform to construct plenty of functionalized monomers candidates for SAAP. Our study would push SAAP or AAP scope forward and pave the way to explore much more polythiophene derivatives. Furthermore, DFT calculation is carried out to deep understand AAP mechanism. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 4003–4012 相似文献
3.
Tsutomu Yokozawa Ryosuke Suzuki Masataka Nojima Yoshihiro Ohta Akihiro Yokoyama 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2011,32(11):801-806
tBu3 PPd(Ph)Br ( 1 )‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling polymerization of 2‐(4‐hexyl‐5‐iodo‐2‐thienyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane ( 2 ) was investigated. Monomer 2 was polymerized with 1 at 0 °C in the presence of CsF and 18‐crown‐6 in THF containing a small amount of water to yield P3HT with a narrow molecular weight distribution and almost perfect head‐to‐tail regioregularity. The values increased up to 11 400 g · mol−1 in proportion to the feed ratio of 2 to 1 . The MALDI‐TOF mass spectra showed that P3HT with moderate molecular weight uniformly had a phenyl group at one end and a hydrogen atom at the other, indicating involvement of a catalyst‐transfer mechanism. Successive 1 ‐catalyzed polymerization of fluorene monomer 3 and then 2 yielded a well‐defined block copolymer of polyfluorene and P3HT.
4.
Kilho Yu Ahmed Elbarbary Kwanghee Lee Jae‐Suk Lee 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(20):2926-2933
A series of three new low bandgap donor–acceptor–donor–acceptor/ (D–A–D–A/) polymers have been successfully synthesized based on the combination of isoindigo as the electron‐deficient acceptor and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene as the electron‐rich donor, followed by CH‐arylation with different acceptors (4,7‐dibromo[c][1,2,5]‐(oxa, thia, and/or selena)diazole ( 4a‐c )). These polymers were used as donor materials for photovoltaic applications. All of the polymers are highly stable and show good solubility in chlorinated solvents. The highest power conversion efficiency of 1.6% was achieved in the bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device that consisted of poly ((E)?6‐(7‐(benzo‐[c][1,2,5]‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl)?2,3‐dihydrothieno‐[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)?6′‐(2,3‐dihydrothieno‐[3,4‐b][1,4]‐dioxin‐5‐yl)?1,1′‐bis‐(2‐octyldodecyl)‐[3,3′‐biindolinylidene]‐2,2′‐dione) as the donor and PC61BM as the acceptor, with a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 8.10 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.56 V and a fill factor of 35%, which indicates that these polymers are promising donors for polymer solar cell applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 2926–2933 相似文献
5.
Achala Bhuwalka Monique D. Ewan Moneim Elshobaki Jared F. Mike Brian Tlach Sumit Chaudhary Malika Jeffries‐EL 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(3):316-324
In an effort to design efficient low‐cost polymers for use in organic photovoltaic cells the easily prepared donor–acceptor–donor triad of a either cis‐benzobisoxazole, trans‐benzobisoxazole or trans‐benzobisthiazole flanked by two thiophene rings was combined with the electron‐rich 4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐thien‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene. The electrochemical, optical, morphological, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties of the resulting terpolymers were investigated. Although the polymers differed in the arrangement and/or nature of the chalcogens, they all had similar highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels (?5.2 to ?5.3 eV) and optical band gaps (2.1–2.2 eV). However, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels ranged from ?3.1 to ?3.5 eV. When the polymers were used as electron donors in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices with PC71BM ([6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) as the acceptor, the trans‐benzobisoxazole polymer had the best performance with a power conversion efficiency of 2.8%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 316–324 相似文献
6.
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine or dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2‐d]imidazole‐containing conjugated polymers
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Mukhamed L. Keshtov Dmitri Yu. Godovsky Alexei R. Khokhlov Tetsunari Mizobe Hiroyuki Fujita Eisuke Goto Junya Hiyoshi Saki Nakamura Susumu Kawauchi Tomoya Higashihara Tsuyoshi Michinobu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(9):1067-1075
Novel conjugated polymers composed of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine or dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2‐d]imidazole units are synthesized by Stille polycondensation. The resulting polymers display a longer wavelength absorption and well‐defined redox activities. The effective intramolecular charge‐transfer and energy levels of all polymers are elucidated by computational calculations. Bulk‐heterojunction solar cells based on these polymers as p‐type semiconductors and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as an n‐type semiconductor are fabricated, and their photovoltaic performances are for the first time evaluated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 1067–1075 相似文献
7.
Eunhee Lim Byung‐Jun Jung Hong‐Ku Shim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(1):243-253
New electroluminescent polymers (poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐co‐benzo[2,3,5]thiadiazole) ( P1) and poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐co‐benzo[2,3,5]thiadiazole‐co‐[4‐(2‐ethylhexyloxyl)phenyl]diphenylamine ( P2) ) possess hole‐transporting or electron‐transporting units or both in the main chains. Electron‐deficient benzothiadiazole and electron‐rich triphenylamine moieties were incorporated into the polymer backbone to improve the electron‐transporting and hole‐transporting characteristics, respectively. P1 and P2 show greater solubility than poly(9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene ( PFTT ), without sacrificing their good thermal stability. Moreover, owing to the incorporation of the electron‐deficient benzothiadiazole unit, P1 and P2 exhibit remarkably lower LUMO levels than PFTT , and thus, it should facilitate the electron injection into the polymer layer from the cathode electrode. Consequently, because of the balance of charge mobility, LED devices based on P1 and P2 exhibit greater brightness and efficiency (up to 3000 cd/m2 and 1.35 cd/A) than devices that use the pristine PFTT . © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 243–253, 2006 相似文献
8.
Detrimental Ni(0) transfer in Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation of benzo[2,1‐b:3,4‐b']dithiophene
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Anjan Bedi Julien De Winter Pascal Gerbaux Guy Koeckelberghs 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(12):1706-1712
This article deals with the Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation (KCTP) of 4,7‐dioctylbenzo[2,1‐b:3,4‐b']dithiophene ( BDP‐Oct ) using Ni(II) catalyst or In/cat combination. A combination of MALDI MS, GPC, and 31P NMR spectroscopy is used to reveal the failure of the KCTP of this particular monomer. Intermolecular transfer reactions to monomer appeared to prevent the formation of polymer. This result is remarkable, since isomeric benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene polymerizes in a controlled way. The presence of a “non‐aromatic double bond” in annulated monomers is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 1706–1712 相似文献
9.
Kai‐Fang Cheng Chu‐Chen Chueh Chia‐Hung Lin Wen‐Chang Chen 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(18):6305-6316
Four new conjugated copolymers based on the moiety of bis(4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐6,7‐diheptyl‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline (BTHTQ) were synthesized and characterized, including poly(6,7‐diheptyl‐4,9‐bis(4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline) (PBTHTQ), poly‐(6,7‐diheptyl‐4,9‐bis(4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo‐[3,4‐g]quinoxaline‐alt‐2,5‐thiophene) (PTTHTQ), poly(6,7‐diheptyl‐4,9‐bis(4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl) [1,2,5]‐thiadiazolo‐[3,4‐g]quinoxaline‐alt‐9,9‐dioctyl‐2,7‐fluore‐ne) (PFBTHTQ), and poly(6,7‐diheptyl‐4,9‐bis(4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline‐alt‐1,4‐bis(decyloxy)phenylene) (PPBTHTQ). The λmax of PBTHTQ, PTTHTQ, PFBTHTQ, and PPBTHTP thin films was shown at 780, 876, 734, and 710 nm, respectively, with the corresponding optical band gaps (E) of 1.31, 1.05, 1.40, and 1.43 eV. The relatively small band gaps of the synthesized polymers suggested the significance of intramolecular charge transfer between the donor and TQ moiety. The estimated hole mobilities of PBTHTQ, PTTHTQ, and PFBTHTQ‐based field effect transistor devices using CHCl3 solvent were 8.5 × 10?5, 8.5 × 10?4, and 2.8 × 10?5 cm2 V?1 s?1, respectively, but significantly enhanced to 1.6 × 10?4, 3.8 × 10?3, and 1.5 × 10?4 cm2 V?1 s?1 using high boiling point solvent of chlorobenzene (CB). The higher hole mobility of PTTHTQ than the other two copolymers was attributed from its smaller band gap or ordered morphology [wormlike (chloroform) or needle‐like (CB)]. The characteristics of small band gap and high mobility suggest the potential applications of the BTHTQ‐based conjugated copolymers in electronic and optoelectronic devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6305–6316, 2008 相似文献
10.
Haoyue Shen Chun Kou Min He Han Yang Kuan Liu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(6):739-751
Two novel anionic conjugated copolyelectrolytes PSDPPPV and PSDPPPE were synthesized via Heck/Sonogashira coupling reactions and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, UV‐vis, and PL spectroscopy. The two polymers are respectively constituted of 2,5‐diethoxy‐1,4‐phenyleneethynylene (DPV) and 2,5‐diethoxy‐1,4‐phenyleneethynylene (DPE) with 1,4‐diketo‐2,5‐bis(4‐sulfonylbutyl)‐3,6‐diphenylpyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (SDPP) which is a novel water soluble diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative. PSDPPPV and PSDPPPE show broad absorption band in visible region and they exhibit strong fluorescence quenching in aqueous solution. The fluorescence of their aqueous solutions can be enhanced in the presence of cationic surfactant or polymer nonionic surfactant. Fluorescence enhancement by introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) shows linear response. This result provides a controllable method to increase fluorescence intensity of dipyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugate polyelectrolytes in aqueous phase. The optical properties suggested that PSDPPPV and PSDPPPE which are negatively charged conjugated polymers can assemble with positively charged photovoltaic materials to form ionic photoactive layer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 739–751 相似文献
11.
Laura Ricciotti Fabio Borbone Antonio Carella Roberto Centore Antonio Roviello Mario Barra Giuseppina Roviello Claudio Ferone Carla Minarini Pasquale Morvillo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(20):4351-4360
A novel, easy, and cost‐effective synthetic procedure is reported for the production of very highly regioregular poly[3‐(4‐alkoxyphenyl)thiophene]s by means of oxidative coupling. Four copper complexes were synthesized and used as catalysts to obtain polymers with higher regioregularity compared to the previous oxidative coupling methodologies reported in the literature and similar to that obtained by McCullough and Rieke methods in the synthesis of poly‐3‐alkylthiophenes. The regioregularity of the synthesized polymers was investigated by UV–Visible characterization on polymer thin films and 1H NMR analysis. The remarkable potentialities of these polymers have emerged from field‐effect transistor mobility measurements operated on devices with bottom‐contact configuration and hexamethyldisilazane‐treated SiO2 gate dielectric, showing a well‐defined p‐type field‐effect response and maximum mobility values in air higher than 10?4 cm2 V?1 s?1. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4351–4360 相似文献
12.
Dithieno[2,3‐d:2',3'‐d']benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene (DTBDAT)‐based copolymers for high‐performance organic solar cells
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Yung Jin Yoon Yun‐Ji Lee Soon‐Ki Kwon Jin Young Kim Yun‐Hi Kim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(19):3182-3192
P(BDT‐TCNT) and P(DTBDAT‐TCNT) , which has an extended conjugation length, were designed and synthesized for applications in organic solar cell (OSCs). The solution absorption maxima of P(DTBDAT‐TCNT) with the extended conjugation were red‐shifted by 5–15 nm compared with those of P(BDT‐TCNT) . The optical band gaps and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of both P(BDT‐TCNT) and P(DTBDAT‐TCNT) were similar. The structure properties of thin films of these materials were characterized using grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy, and charge carrier mobilities were characterized using the space‐charge limited current method. OSCs were formed using [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the electron acceptor and 3% diphenylether as additive suppress aggregation. OSCs with P(BDT‐TCNT) as the electron donor exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.10% with a short‐circuit current density of JSC = 9.06 mA/cm2, an open‐circuit voltage of VOC = 0.77 V, and a fill factor of FF = 0.58. OSCs formed using P(DTBDAT‐TCNT) as the electron donor layer exhibited a PCE of 5.83% with JSC = 12.2 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.77 V, and FF = 0.62. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 3182–3192 相似文献
13.
Takakazu Yamamoto Masataka Yoshizawa Abla Mahmut Masahiro Abe Shin‐ichi Kuroda Tatsuya Imase Shintaro Sasaki 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(24):6223-6232
New π–conjugated polypyrroles such as poly(3‐heptyl‐N‐(t‐butoxycarbonyl)pyrrole‐2,5‐diyl), PPr(3‐Hep; N‐BOC) , and poly(N‐(phenylethynyl)pyrrole‐2,5‐diyl‐alt‐thiophene‐2,5‐diyl), Copoly‐2 , were prepared by organometallic polycondensations using the corresponding 2.5‐dihalopyrroles as the starting materials. Deprotection of the BOC group of PPr(3‐Hep; N‐BOC) proceeded at 185 °C to give poly(3‐heptylpyrrole). XRD (X‐ray diffraction) data of Copoly‐2 indicated that Copoly‐2 assumed a stacked structure in the solid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6223–6232, 2005 相似文献
14.
Adriana Gelover-Santiago Kensuke Naka Yoshiki Chujo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(24):6592-6598
A π‐conjugated poly(α‐dithienylen‐dithiafulvene) ( 2 ) was obtained by the oxidation polymerization of 2,6‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐1,4‐dithiafulvene ( 1 ) as a dithiafulvene monomer derived from 4‐(2‐thienyl)‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole. When a solution of 1 in CHCl3 was added to a stirred solution of FeCl3 in CHCl3, only the low‐molecular‐weight product 2 was obtained. The mixture was stirred for 15 h with an N2 flow. The polymerization at higher temperatures resulted in polymers with large insoluble fractions. A higher molecular weight polymer was obtained by the oxidation polymerization of a charge‐transfer complex of 1 with 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (compound 3 ). In contrast to 2 , polymer 4 was readily soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and acetone and partially soluble in tetrahydrofuran and methanol and had a larger molecular weight (peak top molecular weight = 37,000). The conductivity of polymer 4 was 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of polymer 2 . © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6592–6598, 2005 相似文献
15.
Investigation of Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst‐transfer polycondensation of AB‐type fluorene monomer using coordination‐saturated aryl Pd(II) halide complexes as initiators
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Zilong Zhang Pan Hu Xiao Li Hongmei Zhan Yanxiang Cheng 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(12):1457-1463
Novel triarylamine‐based coordination‐saturated aryl Pd(II) halide complexes ligated by PEt3, PCy3, and P(o‐tol)3 were successfully synthesized by direct oxidative addition of aryl halide to the corresponding Pd(0) precursors. Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization of 2‐(7‐halide‐9,9‐dioctylfluoren‐2‐yl)?1,3,2‐dioxaborinane with these Pd(II) complexes as initiators was investigated for the synthesis of poly(fluorene)s with triarylamine end group. Pd(II) complexes with PCy3 or P(o‐tol)3 exhibited catalytic activity and realized the catalyst‐transfer polycondensation at 75 °C and room temperature, respectively, while the polymerization using Pd(II) catalyst ligated by PEt3 did not proceed, which indicated that the bulky phosphine ligands could facilitate the reductive elimination and further promote the polymerization. In addition, the dimeric Pd(II) complex with P(o‐tol)3 can convert into monomeric Pd(II) intermediate with an open coordination site, which had a higher activity. The end groups of the afforded polyfluorene were analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, in which the Ar/H end groups are indicative of the catalyst‐transfer polymerization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 1457–1463 相似文献
16.
Influence of 4‐fluorophenyl pendants in thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐based polymers on the performance of photovoltaics
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Tomoyuki Yamamoto Tomoyuki Ikai Shinji Katori Takayuki Kuwabara Katsuhiro Maeda Tomoyuki Koganezawa Kohshin Takahashi Shigeyoshi Kanoh 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(13):1586-1593
Polymers consisting of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene units (PTB‐based polymers), either fully or partially containing 4‐fluorophenyl pendants, are synthesized as electron donor materials for inverted‐type polymer solar cells (PSCs). The influence of the 4‐fluorophenyl pendant content on the thermal and optical properties, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the hole mobilities, and photovoltaic performances are investigated. As the 4‐fluorophenyl pendant content increased, the HOMO and LUMO of the polymers were deepened proportionally and the open‐circuit voltages of the PSCs improved. Incorporation of 4‐fluorophenyl pendants into the polymers also affected the crystallinity, orientation, and compatibility with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester in the active layers, leading to nonlinearities in the short‐circuit current densities, and fill factors. The incorporation of an appropriate number of 4‐fluorophenyl pendants enhanced the power conversion efficiencies of the PSC devices from 2.25 to 3.96% for identical device configurations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 1586–1593 相似文献
17.
Yeong‐Soon Gal Sung‐Ho Jin Jong‐Wook Park Kwon Taek Lim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(22):6153-6162
The activated polymerization of 2‐ethynylpyridine by using 2‐thiophenecarbonyl chloride yielded the corresponding conjugated ionic polymer, poly[2‐ethynyl‐N‐(2‐thiophenecarbonyl)pyridinium chloride] (PETCPC). The polymerization proceeded well to give high yield of polymer without any additional initiator or catalyst. The instrumental analysis data on polymer structure indicated that the present ionic polymer have a conjugated polymer backbone system having N‐(2‐thiophenecarbonyl)pyridinium chloride as substituents. The photoluminescence maximum peak of PETCPC was located at 573 nm, which corresponds to the photon energy of 2.16 eV. The aromatic functional substituents in the conjugated backbone system shift PL maximum values because it makes different molecule arrangement. The cyclovoltamograms of PETCPC exhibited the electrochemically stable window at ?1.24 to 1.80 V region. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of polymer might be controlled by the reactant diffusion process from the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6153–6162, 2009 相似文献
18.
Hugo Bronstein Raja Shahid Ashraf Youngju Kim Andrew J. P. White Thomas Anthopoulos Kigook Song David James Weimin Zhang Iain McCulloch 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2011,32(20):1664-1668
The synthesis of a novel fused hexacyclic electron rich monomer incorporating thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene is reported and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Suzuki co‐polymerization with benzothiadiazole (BT) afforded a novel low band‐gap polymer P4TBT with high molecular weights and good solution processability. Bulk heterojunction solar cell devices using the P4TBT and [70]PCBM gave power conversion efficiencies of 2.5%. Top‐gate, bottom‐contact field effect transistors (FETs) using P4TBT displayed high hole mobilities of 0.07 cm2 · Vs−1 demonstrating the suitability of the novel monomer and polymer for use in high performing organic electronic devices.
19.
Yen‐Ju Cheng Lung‐Chang Hung Fong‐Yi Cao Wei‐Shun Kao Chih‐Yu Chang Chain‐Shu Hsu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(8):1791-1801
We have synthesized six p‐type copolymers, CPDT ‐ co ‐ TPADCN , CPDT ‐ co ‐ TPADTA , CPDT ‐ co ‐ TPATCN , CPDT ‐ co ‐ DFADCN , CPDT ‐ co ‐ DFADTA , and CPDT ‐ co ‐ DFATCN , consisting of a cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT) unit and an organic dye in an alternating arrangement. Triphenylamine (TPA) or difluorenylphenyl amine (DFA) units serve as the electron donors, whereas dicyanovinyl (DCN), 1,3‐diethyl‐2‐thiobarbituric acid, or tricyanovinyl (TCN) units act as the electron acceptors in the dyes. The target polymers were prepared via Stille coupling, followed by postfunctionalization to introduce the electron acceptors to the side chains. Because of the strongest withdrawing ability of TCN acceptor to induce efficient intramolecular charge transfer, CPDT ‐ co ‐ TPATCN and CPDT ‐ co ‐ DFATCN exhibit the broader absorption spectra covering from 400 to 900 nm and the narrower optical band gaps of 1.34 eV. However, the CPDT ‐ co ‐ TPATCN :PC71BM and CPDT ‐ co ‐ DFATCN :PC71BM based solar cells showed the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.22 and 0.31%, respectively, due to the inefficient exciton dissociation. The DFA‐based polymers possess deeper‐lying HOMO energy levels than the TPA‐based polymer analogues, leading to the higher Voc values and better efficiencies. The device based on CPDT ‐ co ‐ DFADTA :PC71BM blend achieved the best PCE of 1.38% with a Voc of 0.7 V, a Jsc of 4.57 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.43. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
20.
Control of vertical distribution of thiophene‐based copolymers containing 4,7‐Dithien‐2‐yl‐benzo[C][1,2,5]thiadiazole and 3,6‐Dithien‐2‐yl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐C]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione as Side Groups for Photovoltaics
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Min‐Hee Choi Tae Ho Lee Yong Woon Han Doo Kyung Moon 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(17):2746-2759
Four new D—A type copolymers with 2D‐conjugated side‐chain identified PfToBT, PbToBT, PfTDPP and PbTDPP, containing two acceptors 4,7‐dithien‐2‐yl‐benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT), and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) linked by thiophene donors, are obtained using Pd‐catalyzed Stille‐coupling reaction. These polymers show a broad visible‐near‐infrared absorption band (Eg = 1.79–1.66 eV) and possess a relatively low‐lying HOMO level at ?5.34 to ?5.12 eV. All the polymer:PC70BM blend films showed edge‐on structure and have similar dπ‐spacing values. According to the structure of conjugated side‐chain, the vertical distributions of polymer chains and PC70BM within the BHJ (bulk heterojunction) were different. When DPP used as an acceptor, conjugated side chains of the polymer coexisted with PC70BM in same position. The BHJ film prepared from PfToBT, PbToBT had a discontinuous network between polymer and PC70BM, whereas films from PfTDPP and PbTDPP formed continuous and evenly distributed network between them. This optimized vertical morphology promotes hole transport along respective pathways of polymers and fullerenes in the vertical direction, leading to high JSC. PbTDPP shows PCE up to 2.9% (Jsc of 9.4 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.68 V, and FF of 0.44). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2746–2759 相似文献